CN103733861A - Method to cure dry leaf tip of Chinese chives and hotbed chives - Google Patents
Method to cure dry leaf tip of Chinese chives and hotbed chives Download PDFInfo
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- CN103733861A CN103733861A CN201410008346.6A CN201410008346A CN103733861A CN 103733861 A CN103733861 A CN 103733861A CN 201410008346 A CN201410008346 A CN 201410008346A CN 103733861 A CN103733861 A CN 103733861A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method to cure dry leaf tips of the Chinese chives and hotbed chives. A careful diagnosis to the growing environment (soil nutrition and PH value) of Chinese chives, the plant diseases and insect pests of Chinese chives and the nutritional status of Chinese chives and the like is conducted, and the dry leaf tips are mainly resulted from soil acidification and pests. The method adopts a soil conditioning technology, a green prevention and control technology of plant diseases and insect pests, and a high yield cultivation and fertilizer technology of Chinese chives and the like to solve the problem. The study of single technology for Chinese chives in different growing periods is conducted and a new integrated technology of 'increasing organic fertilizer plus soil conditioning plus pests prevention and control' is developed; therefore, the problem of dry leaf tips of Chinese chives in production is solved and the yield and quality of the Chinese chives are substantially improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to leek production technical field, be specifically related to a kind of dry sharp method of leek/Huang of administering.
Background technology
The subject matter that leek faces on producing is that leek does point and damage by disease and insect generation harm is serious, is difficult to prevent and treat, and is mainly manifested in three aspects: the one, and the dry sharp disease of leek is very serious, falls ill and reaches 100%; The 2nd, it is serious to there is harm in the damage by disease and insect such as gray mold, epidemic disease, soft rot, aphid, thrips, and difficulty of prevention and cure is large, easily causes the problems such as product residue of pesticide; The 3rd, the increase in demand of consumer to pollution-free food leek, and manufacturing enterprise and vegetable grower lack corresponding technological reserve.Due to above-mentioned outstanding problem, the leek difficulty of manufacturing enterprise and vegetable grower's production high yield and high-quality is strengthened.Therefore these problems become the Main Bottleneck that leek produces, and are also to need the technical barrier that solves and capture badly during leek produces.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides and can better administer the dry sharp method of leek/Huang.
Consider the problems referred to above of prior art, according to an aspect disclosed by the invention, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
Administer the dry sharp method of leek/Huang, comprising:
Soil conditioning: the acid degree of the acid ground of plantation leek/Huang is reduced, be adjusted to faintly acid, neutrality or weakly alkaline soil.
In order to realize better the present invention, further technical scheme is:
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the acid ground of described plantation leek/Huang, add conditioner to reduce the acid degree of soil.
According to one embodiment of the invention, described conditioner is quicklime, exempt from one or more in Shen root conditioner and field master worker's conditioner.
According to one embodiment of the invention, described quicklime is by least 80 kilograms every mu planting sites that apply leek/Huang.
According to one embodiment of the invention, described in exempt from Shen root conditioner by every mu at least 1000g apply the planting site of leek/Huang.
According to one embodiment of the invention, described field master worker's conditioner is by least 80 kilograms every mu planting sites that apply leek/Huang.
According to one embodiment of the invention, also comprise damage by disease and insect prevention and control:
Described leek/Huang is applied to medicament: 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant, Bhide are sharp, one or more in biopesticide Osthole, 50% dimethomorph water dispersant.
According to one embodiment of the invention, while earthing up for the first time, by least 50 kilograms every mu, impose field master worker's soil conditioner after the each harvesting of leek/Huang, apply every mu of at least 150 kilograms of fertilizers simultaneously, spread fertilizer over the fields earthing behind leek railway carriage or compartment, damage by disease and insect is carried out to prevention and control simultaneously.
According to one embodiment of the invention, by quicklime at least 15kg/ mu add at least 40 kgs/acre of BGA conditioners, be first sprinkling upon and treat kind of a leek field, plough deeply once; Above treating afterwards the Blockbuster biological organic fertilizer of 40kg/ mu to be evenly sprinkling upon for two days, then after thin soil rake, get final product ridging, then transplant planting;
When earthing up for the first time, leek imposes at least 40kg/ mu and at least 20kg of composite fertilizer of Blockbuster fertilizer; For the second time ridging with apply fertilizer for the first time identical.
The present invention can also be:
According to one embodiment of the invention, ground is ploughed deeply at least after 25cm～30cm, again conditioner is pressed to 100 kilograms/every mu, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in the above, then meticulous conditioner and the soil of making fully mixes wholely, subsequently by the spacing trench digging of 80 ㎝, ditch depth 20 ㎝～25 ㎝, furrow width 20cm～25cm, by the straight training of low bank of earth between fields training forming after trench digging just, again from both sides the low bank of earth between fields having peace of mind of clapping, finally whole bottom of trench thin leveling is treated to field planting leek seedling.
Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Improvement leek/Huang of the present invention is done sharp method, and integrated " prevention and control of applying organic manure+soil conditioning+damage by disease and insect " integrated new technologies have effectively solved the dry sharp problem of leek during leek produces, strong lifting the yield and quality of leek.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Following examples are analyzed for the practical condition in certain leek base:
Careful diagnosis has been carried out in the aspects such as the nutrition condition about leek growing environment (soil nutrient, pH value), leek diseases and insect pests and this life of leek, the main cause of clear and definite dry point be soil acidification and damage by disease and insect serious due to.Green prevention and control technology, leek high-yield culturing fertilizer practice of soil conditioning technology, damage by disease and insect etc. for this problem, have been introduced, the leek of different breeding times has been carried out to the research of every single technology, and integrated " prevention and control of applying organic manure+soil conditioning+damage by disease and insect " integrated new technologies, effectively solved the leek dry sharp problem of leek in producing, strong lifting the yield and quality of leek.
The achievement that test obtains is mainly as follows:
The dry point of 1.1 clear and definite leek blade is mainly due to soil acidification
1.1.1 the dry sharp degree of leek blade and soil pH value is closely related;
(1) sampling survey is adjusted in land for growing field crops
For the dry sharp one of the main reasons of leek, it is soil acid evil, this project first in Tang Yuan Lin Shi village, Jin Ning village etc. ground select the dry different field of sharp occurrence degree of blade, the dry sharp occurrence degree of range estimation leek blade (by slight, moderate, in lay particular stress on, weigh four grade evaluations), and adopt five point samplings, soil sampling Potentiometric Determination soil pH value, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 leek occurring degree and P in soil H value relation
When soil pH is 7 left and right, soil is neutral soil, and dry point is light.When soil acidity or alkalinity is highly acid, the dry sharp degree of leek is serious, reaches more than 60%.Relation between the dry sharp occurrence degree of blade and soil pH value is obvious, the field that pH value is lower, and dry point is heavier.
(2) field trial diagnoses out soil acidity or alkalinity and the dry point of leek to be closely related
At the every community 10.5m of native soil
2by the quicklime that imposes different amounts, regulate pH value, found that, along with the raising of quicklime addition, pH value also has rising to a certain degree, and the dry sharp rate of leek should have decline mutually; Before and after conditioning, the dry sharp rate of leek is obviously different, conditioning effect fairly obvious (table 2).The acid-base value and the dry sharp relation of blade that further illustrate soil are very close.
Table 2 soil acidity or alkalinity and the relation of doing sharp rate
(3) land for growing field crops generaI investigation shows that the ten thousand mu of leek in Tang Yuan town (Huang) production base soil acidification degree is heavy and general
The dry point of leek and leek production base soil pH substantial connection, but the acidizing degree of soil how actually, this project again random searching multiple fields in leek production base and near village, the neutral field proportion of pH=6.5～7.5 is zero, pH=5.5～6.5 faintly acid field accounts for 12.9%, the acid field in pH=4.5～5.5 accounts for the highly acid field proportion of 22.58%, pH<4.5 up to 64.52%, illustrates that soil acid evil degree is very serious.By the soil of leek field not being planted to leek around, carry out pH mensuration, found that, the soil of planting the field of vegetables of other vegetables is acid, and the field of kind paddy rice and flowers is faintly acid.Further the irrigation water in leek base is carried out to pH pH-value determination pH, got rid of the impact of irrigation water on soil acidity or alkalinity.
1.1.2 the dry point of leek is not obvious with fertilizer type and fertilization mode relation
Whether the dry sharp field of leek has relation with fertilizer type and fertilization mode, by the improper soil acid evil that causes of fertilization mode? this Project Investigation some peasant households of the dry sharp field of leek, the field of wherein spreading fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is in the majority, and the field that biological organic fertilizer and farmyard manure are used is few.To other two local dry sharp leek production fields investigation find its fertilizer type used and fertilization modes same as described above, and different be with it the difference of pH value, dry sharp leek field pH is neutrality.Illustrate that fertilizer type and fertilization mode Bu Shitangyuan town leek (Huang) production base leek (Huang) do sharp main cause.
1.1.3 the dry point of leek and micro-fertilizer and plant modifying agent relation are not obvious
In soil, lack trace element or some excessive microelement and also can cause the dry point of leek.So this project is got rid of dry sharp reason one by one, the soil (sample three) that further the booth soil sample to base (sample one) and leek growth better native (sample two) and leek grow more almost carries out soil nutritional diagnosis, in Table 3.Found that the soil macroelement of sampling in the ten thousand mu of leek in Tang Yuan town (Huang) production base comprises full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, effectively potassium and organic matter etc. are all at abundant and very abundant category, trace element in soil is as all abundanter in copper, zinc element and iron content, calcium element content is higher, and manganese element, boron element and magnesium elements lack, pH measures and also shows that soil is highly acid and acidity.Therefore for above situation, in leek, gather in and within latter about 12 days, beat micro-B fertilizer, Mn fertilizer and built agent (liquor+0.001% brassin lactones liquor+amino acid is received by 1.8% IDALL), within one week, " Invest, Then Investigate " is found, leek after treatment is dry point still, but dry sharp degree alleviates to some extent, spray Tetrapack effect of boron relatively better, and the dry sharp rate of contrast reaches 100%.Above-mentioned micro-fertilizer and conditioner are prevented and treated dry point certain effect, but not fairly obvious.
Table 3 Tang Yuan town sampling leek soil nutrient is analyzed
1.1.4 dry sharp leek leaf nutrition composition declines, severe potassium deficiency element
According to above-mentioned result of study, the dry point of leek is not obvious with the nutrition condition relation of fertilizer and soil, and acid evil becomes the dry sharp main cause of leek.Because acid ground is unfavorable for plant, absorb nutritive element, affect leek growth, and then cause dry sharp yellow leaf.So this project, to the dry different leek of sharp degree in base, has been carried out leaf nutrition diagnosis.With reference to the leek nutrient component of announcing, by contrasting rear discovery, the dry sharp degree of leek is heavier, and the content of total amino acid, crude protein and total reducing sugar is lower; Potassium element contrasts and differs greatly; Calcium element content is higher, and iron, magnesium and manganese also have different (table 4).Potassium deficiency or the excessive limb edge jaundice often causing, mostly occur on the blade of middle and lower part.Illustrate that soil acid evil can cause the shortage of leek potassium and cause the dry point of leek.
The comparison of table 4 leek leaf composition
1.1.5 the dry sharp disease DeGrain of different chemical control leek
From twice investigation result statistical conditions (table 5 and 6), after the control of leek disease with medicament, the dry sharp degree of leek contrasts progressively and alleviates, but preventive effect is not fairly obvious.The dry point of this result side light leek, except the impact of disease, also has the impact of other factors.On the other hand, the control of fertilization mode medicament for matching has a certain impact to preventing and treating dry sharp effect, generally speaking, preventing and treating mode that in disease, the filling of fertilizer is executed is better than and spreads fertilizer over the fields, its reason may be that tank is executed the availability raising of lower leek to fertilizer, plant is more healthy and stronger, is conducive to improve the ability of biology to external world or abiotic stress.
The dry point of table 5 Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test investigation for the first time
The dry point of table 6 Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test investigation for the second time
By the system of the dry sharp reason of leek is investigated further, to have analyzed one by one and caused that leek does sharp principal element, the dry point of last clear and definite leek is mainly soil acidification.
1.2 introduce the dry point test of soil conditioner control leek blade makes important progress
The dry sharp reason of the ten thousand mu of leek in Dui Tangyuan town (Huang) production base leek is carried out after research and analysis, in clear and definite soil acid evil, be to cause on the dry sharp main cause basis of leek, this project has been introduced soil conditioner and has been carried out soil conditioning to the dry sharp control test of leek.
1.2.1 different soils conditioner is to the dry sharp field efficacy of leek
" field master worker " soil conditioner (popular bio tech ltd, Guangdong), BGA soil conditioner (Beijing green angel Science and Technology Ltd.), totally three kinds of the quicklimes of additional conventional use are introduced in test.Test adopts randomized arrangement, and community area 10.5m2, repeats 3 times.First pine is ploughed leek soil in the ranks, according to conditioner instructions for use, after soil and every mu of 50 kilograms of amounts of conditioner are mixed, then fills in the ranks anti-the soil of conditioning, then pours water.Experimental field apply fertilizer, water and gather etc. and be all consistent with land for growing field crops.Observed and recorded in good time.Beginning Shou Qige chooses 10 strains in community at random, measures the biological characters such as plant height, stem are thick, functional leaf area, chlorophyll, Vc, total reducing sugar, total nitrogen, crude protein etc.By inquiry, conditioner small plot experiment result is as follows:
(1) the dry sharp successful of soil conditioner control blade
After conditioning, leek growth investigation in 40 days, the results are shown in Table 7.See on the whole, the dry sharp mild degree of leek of processing, the leaf look of field master worker's conditioner and the processing of BGA soil conditioner is dark green, grow vigorous, and the rotten leaf of plant lower blade is less.In 5% significance level, the dry sharp rate of quicklime, field master worker and BGA with contrast that there were significant differences, dry sharp rate size respectively 33.62%, 40.35%, 41.50% and 52.11%, the dry sharp rate of contrast of quicklime processing has reduced by 18.49%.
Dry sharp rate and growing state under the each processing of table 7
(2) the leek economic characters after conditioning increase
As can be seen from Table 8, respectively the leek plant height under processing, stem are slightly, leaf comes into leaves wide and contrast difference is not remarkable, and the leaf area of contrast is less than quicklime, field master worker's conditioner and BGA conditioner, and field master worker's conditioner is wide larger with leaf area raising to the leaf of leek.Generally speaking, processing is field master worker's conditioner >BGA conditioner > quicklime to the effect of leek economic characters.
Leek economic characters comparison under the each processing of table 8
(3) soil conditioner can improve leek output after processing
As can be seen from Table 9, each cell production difference of processing is not remarkable, but contrast is all improved to some extent.Leek effect of increasing production after treatment is BGA conditioner > quicklime > field master worker's conditioner.
The comparison of the each processing of table 9 output
(4) each processing affects not obvious on leek is photosynthetic with the index of quality
As can be seen from Table 10, after processing, photosynthetic index of correlation changes not quite, and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and the contrast of Chlorophyll content are maximum, the carotenoid content maximum of the rear leek of quicklime processing.The VC content of leek blade declines after processing on the contrary, and crude protein, total nitrogen and total reducing sugar differ not obvious.Therefore Photosynthetic Index and the quality impact of conditioner on leek is little.
The each photosynthetic and index of quality of processing of table 10
(5) soil conditioner can affect soil physico-chemical property
Before and after processing, we get soil survey, the results are shown in Table 11 and 12.After imposing 50kg conditioner by mu, within 40 days, investigate pH, the pH value quicklime conditioning of soil is risen the fastest, reaches 6.17, than contrast, improves 0.93; After the master worker's conditioner conditioning of field, pH rises slightly, and BGA does not change pH value substantially.Full nitrogen in soil, full phosphorus and full potassium, available phosphorus, effective potassium and organic matter and trace element zinc, boron, calcium and magnesium have rising.Each inorganic agent is all improved available N and P and potassium, and that raising available phosphorus and potassium amplitude are the highest is BGA.
The impact of table 11 inorganic agent on soil constituent
Trace element in table 12 soil
1.2.2 filtered out the consumption of different soils conditioner
For groping the accurate consumption of conditioner and expanding the new conditioner of screening, in the new cultivation field of continuous cropping, carried out the test of soil conditioner various dose.When results, the output of hotbed chives is investigated to (table 13).Result shows, the use of all conditioners promotes and has larger effect the output of leek.Wherein field master worker volume increase is comparatively stable, substantially 40%～50%.It is comparatively outstanding that quicklime applies rear hotbed chives volume increase by 80 kilograms every mu, up to 94.30%.Exempting from Shen root is a kind of relative quicklime and the more economic conditioner of field master worker, and every mu applies after 1000g, and leek effect of increasing production is very remarkable, and up to 92.26%, but along with the increasing of dosage, amplification diminishes on the contrary.Comprehensive sight, yield-increasing efficiency is that 80 kgs/acre of > of quicklime exempt from 80 kgs/acre of 1000 grams/acre of > field master workers of Shen root, but from the adjusting aspect of leek acid-base value, 80 kgs/acre of > of 80 kgs/acre of > quicklimes of field master worker exempt from 1000 grams/acre of Shen roots.According to every overall target, determined the leek field of pH value below 5.5, " field master worker " conditioner, BGA conditioner and quicklime are all available to 100 kilograms.And exempt from cultivated use the in Shen, be 1000g/ mu.
The different conditioner consumption tests of table 13
1.3 investigate thoroughly the main pest species of leek and harm feature, for effective prevention and control are laid a good foundation
Through the on-site inspection of 2 years, substantially found out main pest species and the harm feature of leek, and new discovery serious, the unacquainted insect of common people of two kinds of harm, that is: green onion must squama moth and root mite.Leek Major Diseases has grey mold, epidemic disease, soft rot and southern blight; Major Pests comprises green onion palpus squama moth, slug, aphid, root mite etc.
It is as follows mainly to there is harm feature in it:
Gray mold (Botrytis squamosa) Walker: claim again Leucoplakia, be commonly called as " white point " disease, " extreme misery wind ", occur general.For the important disease of winter-spring season leek.This disease is low at temperature, the temperature difference is large, humidity and rainwater easily occur many in the situation that, in 3～April, occur the most seriously, hypopathia field can the underproduction 10%～30%, grave illness field can reach more than 60%, has a strong impact on the yield and quality of leek.Germ mainly survives the winter on the invalid body in soil with sclerotium, or also can on invalid body, survive the winter in warmer climate area conidium.Run into suitable condition spring in next year, sclerotium is sprouted aerial mycelium, produces again conidium, borrows air-flow, rainwater its spread in china.Each results all can become scattered about soil table germ, cause young leaves and catch an illness.
Epidemic disease Phytophthora nicotianae Bred de Haan: blade is injured, is just dirty-green water soaking mode scab, the contracting of hanging of sick portion, and blade flavescence is wilting.During wet weather, the soft corruption of scab, has canescence frost.At hot summer, high temperature, high humidity, hypsography low-lying, field ponding, impeded drainage, the partially excessive growth of nitrogen fertilizer application plant or poor, the airtight harvesting of growth are too much, occur serious when malnutritive.Generally to occur to mid-November mid-June.Germ mainly survives the winter with invalid body with mycelium, egg spore and chlamydospore in soil, when next year, condition was suitable, produces sporangium and zoospore, borrows wind and rain or current to propagate, and the mode with germ tube after sprouting is directly invaded Cuticle.During the rear high humidity of morbidity, in sick portion, produce sporangium again, borrow wind and rain its spread in china, carry out superinfection.The growth temperature of germ is limited to 12～36 ℃, and 25～32 ℃ the suitableeest, and after general rainy season or heavy rain, weather clears up suddenly, and temperature sharply rises, and disease is easily popular.
Soft rot Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora (Jones) Bergey et al: cause harm blade and stem.Blade, the nascent translucent scab of canescence of leaf sheath, after expanding, sick portion and basal part of stem are softening rots, and oozes out mucus, distributes stench.Germ mainly in the strain of reserving seed for planting, soil, survive the winter in compost etc., is borrowed rainwater, irrigation water and insect activity its spread in china in field, from wound or physiology breach, invade.Occur more summer and autumn.
Southern blight Sderotium rolfsii sace: root-like stock and false stem all can be injured.Fibrous root and root-like stock be injured after the soft corruption of browning, lose absorption function, cause here overground part withers and withered gradually; False stem be injured after the initial stage cause that siphonal lobe is withered and yellow and come off, the soft rotten lodging of later stage stem stalk is dead.Under wet condition, sick portion and peripheral ground thereof all can produce white thin,tough silk shape mycelia, the middle and later periods mycelia be combined into white bulbil.Germ is mainly lost in soil and survives the winter with invalid body with sclerotium, by irrigation water and rainwater sputter, propagates, and sclerotium is sprouted mycelia and carried out just infecting, and field disease spreads main climbing up by holding on to and contagion by mycelia.
Green onion palpus squama moth Acrolepia alliella: leek moth, the little moth of fragrant-flowered garlic.Liliaceous vegetable and the wild plants such as harm leek, green onion, onion.With larva, at green onion leaf crevice place moth food, serious cause lobus cardiacus flavescence, leaf and flower a kind of sedge is many wrecks from wound, reduces yield and quality.From spring to Qiu Junyou, cause harm, serious field blade is all gnawed and is fractureed.Endanger general April as seen, and harm can extend to early December.
Slug Agriolimax agrestis: claiming again water slug, be commonly called as slug, is a kind of mollusk, and slug survives the winter under the humid soil of crop root with adult or the young, and annual 4～June and 9～November cause harm heavier.Slug keeps in dark place, i.e. death in 2～3 hours under high light, and therefore all nocturnalism, from starting to set out at dusk, evening 10～11 o'clock reach peak, slip into successively again in soil or shelter before early morning.Resistance to hungry power is strong, can not eat motionless under deprivation of food or bad condition.Dark moist environment is easy to large generation, when 11.5～18.5 ℃ of temperature, when soil moisture content is 20%～30%, it is grown the most favourable.
Aphid Neotoxoptera formosana (Takahashi): cause harm on blade back or tender tip tender leaf, cause that internode shortens, bending, the downward deformity of spire is crispaturaed, and makes plant short and small.There are tens of generations.Temperature is when 16 ℃～22 ℃, relative air humidity 75%～85%, and aphid breeding is the fastest, causes harm the heaviest.
Root mite Rhizoglyphus: bulb and the fibrous root of mainly causing harm under soil table, the root dish and the fibrous root base portion that are often gathered in bulb are caused harm, take the crevice place between two bulbs as many; Leaf sheath base outer can be to the inside after killed and bulb organize internal layer development, killed bulb growth is bad, tiny, minimizings of tillering, blackening brown when serious, causes germ to grow corruption smelly.When serious, complete stool is withered, causes wilting death in blocks, and disconnected ridge phenomenon occurs being short of seedling.Spring and autumn harm is serious.
1.4 introduce leek (Huang) damage by disease and insect green prevention and control technology, and effect is remarkable
1.4.1 filter out a collection of high-efficiency low-toxicity new chemical medicament
For leek, produce and upper lack medicament efficient, low toxicity, and main diseases worm produces resistance problem to existing medicament, this project has been carried out the screening and assessment experimental study of new medicament, and result brief overview is as follows:
A: filter out the sharp and biopesticide Osthole of medicament 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant, the Bhide of control leek epidemic disease: 10 kinds of new medicaments selecting control leek Major Diseases, by prevention, prevent and treat relatively small plot experiment of leek epidemic disease effect, found that 600 times of preventive effects of 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant are better, can reach 67.01%, for the preventive effect and all relative poor (table 14 and 15) of lasting effect of other medicaments that try.Other disease pharmacy control efficacies relatively, the more difficult control of epidemic disease of leek.
Due to leek epidemic disease rainfall is plentiful, often break out and be very popular the summer of high temperature, Chemical control times is more, but after often there is field rotating medicine, preventive effect is very micro-, and then cause the leek Severe Reduction situation that even has no harvest, this test is for this kind of situation, strengthened the screening of leek epidemic prevention and control medicament, after particularly occurring for leek epidemic disease, effect of chemical control compares small plot experiment, focus on the biopesticide kind and the highly-effective low-residue agricultural chemicals that filter out high-efficiency prevention and control leek epidemic disease, on producing, apply.
Biao14Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test (epidemic disease) is investigated for the first time
Biao15Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test (epidemic disease) is investigated for the second time
Table 16 leek epidemic disease test of pesticide effectiveness investigation result
This is experimental field chosen in the leek epidemic disease incidence of disease and reaches after 100%, carries out chemical control test.Result shows (table 16), and in 12 kinds of biopesticides, Osthole preventive effect is better, can reach more than 60%.Effect after its control is mainly reflected in, and after the morbidity of leek epidemic disease, newborn leaf growth is comparatively rapid, and epidemic disease stops expansion substantially.Portugal's polyene sugar and trichoderma harzianum have certain effect to the prevention and control of leek epidemic disease, and its lasting period is long.In 8 chemical pesticides, the sharp preventive effect of Bhide is comparatively outstanding, and preventive effect reaches 69.74%.Therefore by this pharmacy test, Osthole and Bhide are sharp to be promoted the use of in all can preventing and treating epidemic disease in leek produces.
B: filter out the good medicament 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant of leek grey mold preventive effect and 50% dimethomorph water dispersant: find by the control efficiency investigation to leek gray mold, 68% 600 times of gold medal thunder water dispersants and 50% dimethomorph water dispersant 30g/ mu preventive effect be in 65% left and right, quick-acting and preventive effect all undesirable (table 17 and 18) of all the other medicaments to leek gray mold.
Biao17Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test (gray mold) is investigated for the first time
Biao18Tang Yuan town leek Chemicals test (gray mold) is investigated for the second time
1.4.2 introduce " three lure " technology preventive effect better
By yellow plate, frequency vibration lamp, property, lure composite board, add the utilization of high-efficiency low-toxicity medicament, the average effect of prevention and elimination of disease and pests reaches more than 85%.Thereby reduced the method for preventing and treating of in the past abusing medicine, multiplex medicine, reduced the impact on environment, ensured leek safety in production and sustainability production.
Integrated and the demonstration of 1.5 leek high yield pest controlling technology obtains remarkable result
Through investigation, show that the ten thousand mu of leek in Tang Yuan town (Huang) production base soil acidification degree is heavy and general, highly acid field proportion is up to 64.52%.Causing seriously dry point of leek blade, is mainly due to soil acidification and sick worm endanger.According to above-mentioned every single technology result, thus integrated go out " prevention and control of applying organic manure+soil conditioning+damage by disease and insect " integrated technology with strong points.Through demonstration, use, effect is very remarkable.
1.5.1 integrated technology promotes significantly the dry sharp preventive effect of 2～4 years raw leek and output
While earthing up for the first time, by 50 kilograms every mu, impose field master worker's soil conditioner after the each harvesting of hotbed chives, apply 150 kilograms of fertilizers simultaneously, spread fertilizer over the fields earthing behind leek railway carriage or compartment, main diseases insect pest has been carried out to green prevention and control simultaneously.After this technology enforcement, dry sharp preventive effect is 87.75%, and leek growth is vigorous, dark green, and plant height increases 24cm, and every mu of leek is increased production 1883.4 kilograms, and rate of growth is 71.46%.Leek price, by 1.6 yuan/kilogram, can have a net increase of and receive more than 2600 yuan (table 19).
The dry point of table 19 demonstration area control leek blade and leek output investigation result
Note: leek price is by 1.6 yuan/kilogram.
Continuously second batch of leek after treatment carried out to output investigation, found that, second batch of output of leek still shows as volume increase, but compared with first batch of (through using of soil conditioning and fertilizer) amount of increase in production decline (table 20).Therefore, the measures such as soil conditioning and applying organic manure are carried out in suggestion after each harvesting leek.
Second batch of table 20 demonstration area leek output investigation result
1.5.2 integrated technology promotes obviously continuous cropping field fragrant-flowered garlic fragrant-flowered garlic output
Quicklime 15kg/ mu is added to 40 kgs/acre of BGA conditioners, be first sprinkling upon and treat kind of a leek field, plough deeply once.Above treating afterwards the Blockbuster biological organic fertilizer of 40kg/ mu to be evenly sprinkling upon for two days, then soil rake is carefully got final product to ridging.Transplant planting more solito.When earthing up for the first time, leek imposes Blockbuster fertilizer 40kg/ mu and composite fertilizer 20kg.For the second time ridging with apply fertilizer for the first time identical.Investigation result discovery, the more untreated field of turning green after leek cultivation is fast, and leek growth is also relatively vigorous.By the mensuration to hotbed chives output, treated leek plant height and fresh weight all increase (table 21).By every mu of 3000 jin of calculations, every mu is increased production 578 jin.Economic worth is deducted 350 yuan of every mu of input, has a net increase of and reaches 2250 yuan.
Table 21 soil conditioning continuous cropping field result of the test
1.5.3 integrated technology promotes also very remarkable to new cultivation leek field hotbed chives output
After ground is ploughed deeply once (at least 25cm～30cm), again conditioner is pressed to 100 kilograms/every mu, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in the above, then meticulous conditioner and the soil of making fully mixes wholely, subsequently by the spacing trench digging of 80 ㎝, ditch depth 20 ㎝～25 ㎝, furrow width 20cm～25cm, the low bank of earth between fields training forming after trench digging is directly just being trained, then from both sides the low bank of earth between fields having peace of mind of clapping, finally whole bottom of trench thin leveling is treated to field planting leek seedling.Thereafter leek managerial skills are local Routine Management.After when results, investigation finds that (table 22) is by quicklime and the conditioning of BGA land for growing field crops, leek blade length and wide plant height and diameter stem all increase to some extent, and output obviously promotes.Rate of growth after BGA conditioning reaches 54.84%, and effect is very remarkable.
The new hotbed chives output investigation of planting after leek soil conditioning of table 22
In this specification, each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, and each embodiment stresses is and the difference of other embodiment, identical similar part cross-references between each embodiment.
" embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " embodiment " that spoken of in this manual, etc., refer to specific features, structure or the feature in conjunction with this embodiment, described and be included at least one embodiment that the application's generality describes.In specification, multiple local appearance statement of the same race is not necessarily to refer to same embodiment.Furthermore, while describing a specific features, structure or feature in conjunction with arbitrary embodiment, what advocate is in conjunction with other embodiment, to realize this feature, structure or feature also to fall within the scope of the invention.
Although with reference to multiple explanatory embodiment of the present invention, invention has been described here, but, should be appreciated that, those skilled in the art can design a lot of other modification and embodiments, and these are revised and within embodiment will drop on the disclosed principle scope and spirit of the application.More particularly, in the scope of and claim open in the application, can carry out multiple modification and improvement to the building block of subject combination layout and/or layout.Except modification that building block and/or layout are carried out with improving, to those skilled in the art, other purposes will be also obvious.
Claims (10)
1. administer the dry sharp method of leek/Huang, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Soil conditioning: the acid degree of the acid ground of plantation leek/Huang is reduced, be adjusted to faintly acid, neutrality or weakly alkaline soil.
2. the dry sharp method of improvement leek/Huang according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the acid ground of described plantation leek/Huang, adds conditioner to reduce the acid degree of soil.
3. the dry sharp method of improvement leek/Huang according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described conditioner is quicklime, exempt from one or more in Shen root conditioner and field master worker's conditioner.
4. the dry sharp method of improvement leek/Huang according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described quicklime is by least 80 kilograms every mu planting sites that apply leek/Huang.
5. the dry sharp method of improvement leek/Huang according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described in exempt from Shen root conditioner by every mu at least 1000g apply the planting site of leek/Huang.
6. the dry sharp method of improvement leek/Huang according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described field master worker's conditioner is by least 80 kilograms every mu planting sites that apply leek/Huang.
7. according to the dry sharp method of the improvement leek/Huang described in claim 3 to 6 any one, it is characterized in that, also comprise damage by disease and insect prevention and control:
Described leek/Huang is applied to medicament: 68% gold medal thunder water dispersant, Bhide are sharp, one or more in biopesticide Osthole, 50% dimethomorph water dispersant.
8. the dry sharp method of improvement leek/Huang according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, while earthing up for the first time, by least 50 kilograms every mu, impose field master worker's soil conditioner after the each harvesting of leek/Huang, apply every mu of at least 150 kilograms of fertilizers simultaneously, spread fertilizer over the fields earthing behind leek railway carriage or compartment, damage by disease and insect is carried out to prevention and control simultaneously.
9. the dry sharp method of improvement leek/Huang according to claim 7, is characterized in that, by quicklime at least 15kg/ mu add at least 40 kgs/acre of BGA conditioners, be first sprinkling upon and treat kind of a leek field, plough deeply once; Above treating afterwards the Blockbuster biological organic fertilizer of 40kg/ mu to be evenly sprinkling upon for two days, then after thin soil rake, get final product ridging, then transplant planting;
When earthing up for the first time, leek imposes at least 40kg/ mu and at least 20kg of composite fertilizer of Blockbuster fertilizer; For the second time ridging with apply fertilizer for the first time identical.
10. the dry sharp method of improvement leek/Huang according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, ground is ploughed deeply at least after 25cm～30cm, then by conditioner by 100 kilograms/every mu, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in the above, then meticulous conditioner and the soil of making fully mixes wholely, subsequently by the spacing trench digging of 80 ㎝, ditch depth 20 ㎝～25 ㎝, furrow width 20cm～25cm, the low bank of earth between fields training forming after trench digging is directly just being trained, then from both sides the low bank of earth between fields having peace of mind of clapping, finally whole bottom of trench thin leveling is treated to field planting leek seedling.
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| CN104429462A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-03-25 | 湖南新宇农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting corn crop in alkalescent soil |
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