CN103724204A - 一种水溶性引发剂及制备 - Google Patents
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- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
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- C07C67/11—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with ester groups or with a carbon-halogen bond being mineral ester groups
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Abstract
一种水溶性引发剂及制备,属于高分子化合物技术领域。结构为其中R1为亲水基团,R2为烷基或者具有取代的烷基,M=Na、K。该化合物制备过程:α-H被Br代的羧酸化合物结构中的-COOH先被叔丁醇保护起来,然后与苯甲酸一取代物或是多取代苯甲酸反应,再脱保护,最后用氢氧化钠或是氢氧化钾中和得到其盐即可。本发明引发剂兼具良好的水溶性和引发性,用于引发水溶性单体聚合,是一种水溶性引发剂。该引发剂具有易于存储、安全环保的优点,扩展了水溶性引发剂体系。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水溶性引发剂及引发水溶性单体聚合,属于高分子化合物技术领域。
背景技术
高分子化合物一般由引发剂体系引发单体聚合制得,引发体系在高分子化合物制备过程中起到不可或缺的作用,尤其是引发过程中引发剂的选取很关键,它将直接影响聚合反应速率、产品质量、物质结构及性能。水溶性聚合物因其具有性能优异、使用方便、有利环境保护等优点而广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。
水溶性聚合物又称水溶性高分子或是水溶性树脂,它们是一类亲水性的高分子材料。水溶性聚合物的亲水性,来自其结构中的羧基、羟基、酰胺基、氨基、醚基等亲水基团。这些基团不但使高分子具有亲水性,而且使它们具有许多重要的特性和功能,如增稠、加溶、分散、润滑、缔合和絮凝等功能。水溶性高分子可以分为天然水溶性高分子、化学改性天然聚合物和合成聚合物。其中,合成聚合物又包括聚合类树脂和缩合类树脂两类,如聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。
水溶性高分子一般采用水溶液聚合的方法合成。水溶液聚合使用环保水来做分散相,水溶性引发剂为引发剂,便于混合传热、可连续化生产。目前,常用的水溶性引发剂为过硫酸盐类和水溶性偶氮类。虽然过硫酸盐类较易得到,但是其稳定性较差;水溶性偶氮类引发剂存在工业化生产存在溶剂毒性大、成本高、环境污染重等缺陷。
本发明提供了一种普通的水溶性引发剂,该引发剂能够引发丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸羟乙酯等单体聚合。因其不含氰基、分解产物无毒,具有使用及存储安全,成本较低,安全环保、水溶性好等优点,扩展了水溶性引发剂体系。
发明内容
本发明提供的一种新的化合物,其结构式如下,
其中R1为亲水基团-SO3M、-COOM、-COOH、-CHO、-OH、-NH2、-SO3H、-H2PO3、季铵基、醚基、酰胺基、酰肼基、-COO-;R2为烷基,或烷基基团的H原子被-Cl、-Br、-F、-NO2、-CN、-OCH3、-OCH2CH3、-OCH2CH2CH3、-COOCH3、-COOCH2CH3、-COOCH2CH2CH3取代;M=Na、K,代表R1基团可取代苯环上任意的1-5个氢。
所述的烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基。
本发明提到的化合物的制备过程主要通过以下技术方案实现,包括以下步骤:
1)R2CHBrCOOH和氯化亚砜置于反应器中,控制温度在60~70℃下搅拌回流10~12h;0℃下上述反应液加入到叔丁醇和吡啶的氯仿溶液中,保温0℃,搅拌反应不低于2h;室温搅拌反应不低于1h,反应完后经水洗、酸洗、饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤,取有机层无水NaSO4干燥,过滤后真空干燥,得产物R2CHBrCOOBu-t。表征后置于冰箱保存。其中R2CHBrCOOH:SOCl2:t-BuOH:吡啶摩尔比=1:(1.1~2):(3~5):(1.5~3)。
2)将溶解于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,倒入反应瓶,滴加NaOH水溶液至pH=8~9,升温至50℃,搅拌0.5h,滴加步骤(1)的产物R2CHBrCOOBu-t继续反应5~6h,反应液经碱洗,逐步酸化,干燥处理;其中R2CHBrCOOBu-t=(1~1.5):1。
3)将步骤(2)的产物溶于二氯甲烷(DCM)中,冰浴冷却下加入25wt%三氟乙酸(TFA)的二氯甲烷中,搅拌几分钟,置于水浴锅中,室温搅拌24~48h,反应液冰浴下滴加饱和的NaHCO3水溶液至pH=8~9,取水层酸化至pH=1~2,静置过夜,过滤即可得到纯净的产物,用氢氧化钠或是氢氧化钾中和便可得到其盐,其中步骤(2)的产物:TFA的摩尔比=1:(2~4)。其反应方程式如下:
本发明合成的化合物可作为水溶性引发剂,该引发剂能够引发丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸羟乙酯等单体聚合,涉及的聚合方法主要为水溶液聚合,引发聚合温度为60-90℃。
本发明水溶性引发剂具有使用及存储安全,成本较低,安全环保、水溶性好等优点,扩展了水溶性引发剂体系。
附图说明
图1是本发明实例1水溶性引发剂,3-羧基苯甲酰乳酸钠盐的合成路线图;
图2是本发明实例1所合成水溶性引发剂成盐之前化合物,3-羧基苯甲酰乳酸的1H NMR谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应说明的是:以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案。因此,尽管本说明书参照下述的实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明,但是,本领域的技术人员应当理解,仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围当中。
实施例1
1)将2-溴丙酸(4.59g,0.03mol)和氯化亚砜(4.10g,0.0345mol)置于带有搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中,控制温度在60℃下搅拌回流12h,自然冷却至室温;0℃下上述反应液加入到叔丁醇和吡啶的氯仿溶液中,保温0℃,搅拌反应2h;室温搅拌反应1h。反应完后经水洗、酸洗、饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤,取有机层无水NaSO4干燥,过滤后真空干燥。表征后置于冰箱保存待下一步反应用。
2)将间苯二甲酸(4.9839g,0.03mol)溶解于DMSO(40ml)中,倒入单口烧瓶,滴加10%的NaOH水溶液至pH=8~9,升温至50℃,磁力搅拌0.5h,滴加上一步的产物2-溴丙酸叔丁酯(6.2724g,0.03mo),继续反应6h。反应液经碱洗,逐步酸化,干燥处理。
3)将上步的产物3-羧基苯甲酰乳酸叔丁酯(0.5886g,0.002mol)溶于DCM(20ml)中,冰浴冷却下加入25%TFA(0.4561g,0.004mol)的DCM中,磁力搅拌几分钟,置于水浴锅中,室温磁力搅拌24~48h。反应液冰浴下滴加饱和的NaHCO3水溶液至pH=8~9,取水层酸化至pH=1~2,静置过夜,有沉淀析出,过滤即可得到纯净的产物3-羧基苯甲酰乳酸(以下简称TM),用氢氧化钠中和便可得到其钠盐TM-Na。合成线路见图1。
实施例2
将0.1gTM溶解在0.02gNaOH水溶液即可得到水溶性引发剂TM-Na,与35g去离子水和8g丙烯酸一并加入到带有回流冷凝管、搅拌器的100ml三口烧瓶中,通氮气、搅拌、升温至90℃,反应10h后,蒸出溶剂,置于50℃的真空干燥箱中,干燥至恒重。其转化率为60.25%,经GPC分析,得聚丙烯酸的数均分子量Mn=19845,分子量分布宽度PDI=2.68本实验设置同等条件下,不加引发剂TM-Na的实验没有聚合物产生。
实施例3
将0.1gTM溶解在0.02gNaOH水溶液即可得到水溶性引发剂TM-Na,与35g去离子水和8g丙烯酸一并加入到带有回流冷凝管、搅拌器的100ml三口烧瓶中,通氮气、搅拌、升温至60℃,反应10h后,蒸出溶剂,置于50℃的真空干燥箱中,干燥至恒重。其转化率为50.23%,经GPC分析,得聚丙烯酸Mn=24830,PDI=1.61
实施例4
将0.1gTM溶解在0.02gNaOH水溶液即可得到水溶性自由基性引发剂TM-Na,与35g去离子水和6g丙烯酸一并加入到带有回流冷凝管、搅拌器的100ml三口烧瓶中,通氮气、搅拌、升温至70℃,反应10h后,蒸出溶剂,置于50℃的真空干燥箱中,干燥至恒重。其转化率为39.75%,经GPC分析,得聚丙烯酸Mn=20546,PDI=2.49
实施例5
将0.1gTM溶解在0.02gNaOH水溶液即可得到水溶性自由基性引发剂TM-Na,与35g去离子水和12g丙烯酸一并加入到带有回流冷凝管、搅拌器的100ml三口烧瓶中,通氮气、搅拌、升温至70℃,反应10h后,蒸出溶剂,置于50℃的真空干燥箱中,干燥至恒重。其转化率为44.34%,经GPC分析,得聚丙烯酸Mn=97541,PDI=2.03
实施例6
将8g丙烯酰胺和40g去离子水加入100ml三口烧瓶中,通氮气以除去体系中的O2,回流,搅拌,升温至90℃。加入事先配置好的引发剂TM-Na(0.1gTM溶解在0.02gNaOH水溶液)溶液,保持恒定温度,搅拌反应6h。然后将反应液滴入4~6倍体积的无水乙醇中,析出白色沉淀,抽滤并用无水乙醇洗涤2~3次。抽滤后将滤饼在真空(-0.1MPa,40℃)下干燥过夜至恒重。称重计算转化率为31.20%。经GPC分析,得聚丙烯酰胺Mn=18452,PDI=2.18。本实验设置同等条件下,不加引发剂TM-Na的实验10h后仍没有聚合物产生。
实施例7
将8g丙烯酰胺和40g去离子水加入100ml三口烧瓶中,通氮气以除去体系中的O2,回流,搅拌,升温至60℃。加入事先配置好的引发剂TM-Na(0.1gTM溶解在0.02gNaOH水溶液)溶液,保持恒定温度,搅拌反应6h。然后将反应液滴入4~6倍体积的无水乙醇中,析出白色沉淀,抽滤并用无水乙醇洗涤2~3次。抽滤后将滤饼在真空(-0.1MPa,40℃)下干燥过夜至恒重。称重计算转化率为20.23%。经GPC分析,得聚丙烯酰胺Mn=5646,PDI=1.58。
实施例8
将6g丙烯酰胺和40g去离子水加入100ml三口烧瓶中,通氮气以除去体系中的O2,回流,搅拌,升温至70℃。加入事先配置好的引发剂TM-Na(0.1gTM溶解在0.02gNaOH水溶液)溶液,保持恒定温度,搅拌反应6h。然后将反应液滴入4~6倍体积的无水乙醇中,析出白色沉淀,抽滤并用无水乙醇洗涤2~3次。抽滤后将滤饼在真空(-0.1MPa,40℃)下干燥过夜至恒重。称重计算转化率为23.70%。经GPC分析,得聚丙烯酰胺Mn=33898,PDI=1.77。本实验设置同等条件下,不加引发剂TM-Na的实验10h后仍没有聚合物产生。
实施例9
将20g丙烯酰胺和40g去离子水加入100ml三口烧瓶中,通氮气以除去体系中的O2,回流,搅拌,升温至70℃。加入事先配置好的引发剂TM-Na(0.1gTM溶解在0.02gNaOH水溶液)溶液,保持恒定温度,搅拌反应6h。然后将反应液滴入4~6倍体积的无水乙醇中,析出白色沉淀,抽滤并用无水乙醇洗涤2~3次。抽滤后将滤饼在真空(-0.1MPa,40℃)下干燥过夜至恒重。称重计算转化率为35.15%。经GPC分析,得聚丙烯酰胺Mn=101977,PDI=1.89。本实验设置同等条件下,不加引发剂TM-Na的实验10h后仍没有聚合物产生。
Claims (8)
2.按照权利要求1的一种化合物,其特征在于,所述的烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基。
3.权利要求1所述的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)R2CHBrCOOH和氯化亚砜置于反应器中,控制温度在60~70℃下搅拌回流10~12h;0℃下上述反应液加入到叔丁醇和吡啶的氯仿溶液中,保温0℃,搅拌反应不低于2h;室温搅拌反应不低于1h,反应完后经水洗、酸洗、饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤,取有机层无水NaSO4干燥,过滤后真空干燥,得产物R2CHBrCOOBu-t;
2)将溶解于二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中,倒入反应瓶,滴加NaOH水溶液至pH=8~9,升温至50℃,搅拌0.5h,滴加步骤(1)的产物R2CHBrCOOBu-t继续反应5~6h,反应液经碱洗,逐步酸化,干燥处理;
3)将步骤(2)的产物溶于二氯甲烷(DCM)中,冰浴冷却下加入25wt%三氟乙酸(TFA)的二氯甲烷中,搅拌几分钟,置于水浴锅中,室温磁力搅拌24~48h,反应液冰浴下滴加饱和的NaHCO3水溶液至pH=8~9,取水层酸化至pH=1~2,静置过夜,过滤,用氢氧化钠或是氢氧化钾中和便可。
4.按照权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中R2CHBrCOOH:SOCl2:t-BuOH:吡啶摩尔比=1:(1.1~2):(3~5):(1.5~3)。
6.按照权利要求3的方法,其特征在于,其中步骤(2)的产物:TFA的摩尔比=1:(2~4)。
7.权利要求1或2的化合物用于水溶性引发剂。
8.权利要求1或2的化合物用于水溶性引发剂用于引发丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸羟乙酯单体聚合,涉及的聚合方法主要为水溶液聚合,引发聚合温度为60-90℃。
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