CN103724161B - 一种多檀醇的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种多檀醇的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN103724161B
CN103724161B CN201210387109.6A CN201210387109A CN103724161B CN 103724161 B CN103724161 B CN 103724161B CN 201210387109 A CN201210387109 A CN 201210387109A CN 103724161 B CN103724161 B CN 103724161B
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cyclopentenyl
amylene
trimethylammonium
ketone
ionic liquid
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CN103724161A (zh
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包江峰
谢海英
王卫明
谢自强
陈宏�
徐利红
应登宇
赵建标
柯美生
唐一前
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JIANGSU XINHUA CHEMICAL CO Ltd
ZHEJIANG XINHUA CHEMICAL CO Ltd
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/132Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
    • C07C29/136Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
    • C07C29/143Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/67Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C45/68Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
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    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/67Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C45/68Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
    • C07C45/72Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups
    • C07C45/74Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups combined with dehydration
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/06Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
    • C07C2601/10Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种多檀醇的制备方法。以龙脑烯醛为原料,先由龙脑烯醛和丁酮进行羟醛缩合,然后在固体碱、离子液体作为相转移催化剂的作用下,发生甲基化反应,得到3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮,最后用硼氢化钠还原,精馏后得到成品。本发明的优点是以离子液体作为相转移催化剂,避免了有机溶剂的使用。相对于传统的相转移催化剂,离子液体具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,使用量少,毒性低,操作简单,可重复使用等优点。

Description

一种多檀醇的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化工技术领域中的香料合成方法,具体涉及一种多檀醇的制备方法。
背景技术
檀香作为一种最古老、名贵的香料,最初由东印度人从天然檀木中提取得到。近代,由于日化香精香料的用量快速增长,天然檀香已远远不能满足市场需求,现代合成技术的发展为人们提供了丰富而充足的香料产品,使香精香料行业迎来了一个全新时代。多檀醇作为名贵檀香的一种,具有稳定的化学结构,从而使它具有持久地、温和的、甜润的香气特征,被广泛应用于日化香精领域。多檀醇,中文名3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-醇,英文名3,3-dimethyl-5-(2,2,3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-4-Penten-2-ol,CAS号107898-54-4。
多檀醇是由龙脑烯醛与甲基乙基酮缩合,然后引入甲基再还原后得到。具体反应步骤如下:
在以上制备方法中,第二步通常以氯甲烷作为甲基化试剂,在固体碱、有机溶剂和相转移催化剂的作用下,发生甲基化反应后得到产物。相转移催化剂能使反应速率加快,产率和选择性明显提高,反应条件温和,并能使反应在非均相进行。但传统的季铵盐相转移催化剂热稳定差,分离回收和循环利用困难,故其使用受到了一定的制约。并且该反应大量使用有毒有机溶剂,给环境造成危害,并且使操作繁琐,后处理复杂。
发明内容
本发明为了克服已有技术的缺陷,提出一种以离子液体作为相转移催化剂的甲基化方法。
本发明是通过下述技术方案得以实现的:
一种多檀醇的制备方法,该方法是按下述步骤进行:
(1)以龙脑烯醛为原料,与丁酮进行羟醛缩合得到3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮;
(2)在固体碱、离子液体的作用下,发生甲基化反应,得到3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮;其中,所述的3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮与固体碱的摩尔比为1:0.5~2.5;3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮与甲基化试剂的摩尔比为1:1~3;离子液体与甲基化试剂的摩尔比为1:1~4;反应温度20~50℃;
(3)向3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮中加入溶剂乙醇、还原剂硼氢化钠,反应温度30~60℃搅拌5~8小时,得到多檀醇粗品;
所述的离子液体为[BMIM][PF6]、[BMIM][PF4]、[BMIM][Br]、[(n-C4H9)4N][PF4]或[(n-C4H9)4N][PF6]。
在以上的三个步骤中,其中(1)、(3)步骤为现有文献所公开,技术成熟,这作为本发明的必经程序,是必需实施的,本发明的重点是阐述第(2)步的技术特征。
本发明中,所述的第(2)步的实施方案如下:把3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮和固体碱混合后快速搅拌、依次滴加离子液体、甲基化试剂,继续搅拌反应2-5小时。其中,3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮与固体碱的摩尔比为1:0.5~2.5,优选1:1.0~1.5,3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮与甲基化试剂的摩尔比是1:1~3;离子液体:甲基化试剂的摩尔比是1:1~4;反应温度20~50℃;作为优选,其中所述的固体碱为NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、Na2CO3、Cs2CO3、Na3PO4;所述离子液体为[BMIM][PF6]、[BMIM][PF4]、[BMIM][Br]、[(n-C4H9)4N][PF4]、[(n-C4H9)4N][PF6]、[(n-C4H9)4N][Br];所述甲基化试剂为CH3Cl、CH3I。
本发明所使用的离子液体的制备过程是:取等摩尔的氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐和四氟硼酸钠混合后,溶于适量的去离子水中,加入烧瓶中,搅拌反应12小时,除去不溶的固体,用二氯甲烷萃取离子液体,油相用无水硫酸钠干燥,滤去固体。80℃真空下保持3小时左右,即得到四氟硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑室温离子液体。其他种类的离子液体合成可参考专利WO 03/020843.
本发明的有益效果是,以离子液体作为相转移催化剂,避免了有机溶剂的使用。相对于传统的相转移催化剂,离子液体具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,使用量少,毒性低,操作简单,具有可重复使用等优点。
具体实施方案
实施例1:3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮的制备
反应釜中加入9mol丁酮,40mol甲醇,0.9molKOH,搅拌下滴加4.6mol龙脑烯醛,反应温度为28~35℃,8~10小时滴完,并继续反应2~3小时,直到反应完全。然后用乙酸中和,再用水洗至中性。除去溶剂甲醇和未反应的丁酮,减压蒸馏,得到865.2g产物,产率92%。
实施例2:3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮的制备
向反应釜中加入3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮1mol,NaOH 0.5mol,混合后快速搅拌,室温下滴加0.5mol离子液体[(n-C4H9)4N][PF4],1.5mol CH3I,滴完后继续搅拌2-5小时,结束反应。反应体系分为两层,上层为3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮粗品,下层为离子液体。将上层用乙酸中和,并水洗成中性,减压蒸馏除去未反应的原料,得到187.8g产物,产率85%。
实施例3:3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮的制备
向反应釜中加入3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮1mol,Cs2CO3 0.5mol,混合后快速搅拌,室温下滴加0.5mol离子液体[(n-C4H9)4N][PF4],1.5mol CH3I,滴完后继续搅拌2-5小时,结束反应。反应体系分为两层,上层 为3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮粗品,下层为离子液体。将上层用乙酸中和,并水洗成中性,减压蒸馏除去未反应的原料,得到190.7g产物,产率86.3%。
实施例4:3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮的制备
向反应釜中加入3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮1mol,Cs2CO3 0.5mol,混合后快速搅拌,室温下滴加0.5mol离子液体[(n-C4H9)4N][Br],1.5mol CH3I,滴完后继续搅拌2-5小时,结束反应。反应体系分为两层,上层为3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮粗品,下层为离子液体。将上层用乙酸中和,并水洗成中性,减压蒸馏除去未反应的原料,得到184.5g产物,产率83.5%。
实施例5:3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮的制备
向反应釜中加入3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮1mol,NaOH 0.5mol,混合后快速搅拌,室温下滴加0.5mol离子液体[BMIM][PF4],1.5mol CH3I,滴完后继续搅拌2-5小时,结束反应。反应体系分为两层,上层为3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮粗品,下层为离子液体。将上层用乙酸中和,并水洗成中性,减压蒸馏除去未反应的原料,得到173.7g产物,产率78.6%。
实施例6:3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-醇的制备
向反应釜中加入0.5mol 3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基) -4-戊烯-2-酮,0.1mol硼氢化钠,200ml乙醇,反应温度30~60℃搅拌5~8小时,直到反应完全。反应物用稀盐酸中和,再水洗至中性,除去溶剂乙醇,减压精馏,得到产物99.5g,产率95.5%。
产物多檀醇的氢核磁共振谱数据如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3,360MHz)δ(ppm):0.73(s,3H);0.96(s,3H);1.0(s,3H);1.01(s,3H);1.11(d,J=7,3H);1.55(d,J=5,1H);1.61(q,J=2,3H);2.05-2.13(m,1H);2.2-2.3(m,1H);2.38(q,J=7,1H);3.49(q,J=7,1H);5.23(大s,1H);5.40(d,J=16,1H);5.5(dd,J=7,16,1H) 。

Claims (3)

1.一种多檀醇的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法是按下述步骤进行的:
(1)以龙脑烯醛为原料,与丁酮进行羟醛缩合得到3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮;
(2)在固体碱、离子液体的作用下,3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮发生甲基化反应,得到3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮;其中,所述的3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮与固体碱的摩尔比为1:0.5~2.5;3-甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-戊烯-2-酮与甲基化试剂的摩尔比为1:1~3;离子液体与甲基化试剂的摩尔比为1:1~4;反应温度20~50℃;
(3)向3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮中加入溶剂乙醇、还原剂硼氢化钠,反应温度30~60℃搅拌5~8小时,得到多檀醇粗品;
所述的离子液体为[BMIM][PF6]、[BMIM][PF4]、[BMIM][Br]、[(n-C4H9)4N][PF4]或[(n-C4H9)4N][PF6];
所述甲基化试剂为CH3Cl或CH3I。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多檀醇的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的固体碱为NaOH、KOH、K2CO3、Na2CO3、Cs2CO3或Na3PO4
3.根据权利要求1所述的多檀醇的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的3,3-二甲基-5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-4-戊烯-2-酮和多檀醇成品是经过中和,水洗,再精馏后得到的。
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