A kind of functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer and production method of improving the soil
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer and production method of improving the soil.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of chemical industry, production and the amount of application of various fertilizer constantly increase, and serve important pushing effect to the development of agriculture production, but along with the continuous increase of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, agricultural creates very strong dependence to chemical fertilizer, and the shortcoming of using of chemical fertilizer also shows especially out day by day.
First, the life-time service of chemical fertilizer causes soil fertility and declines, and soil compaction is serious.Excessive use chemical fertilizer can worsen soil physico-chemical property, block interstices of soil, spoiled soil crumb structure, cause soil nutrient elements unbalance, harden, pollutes and fertility decline.Excessive chemical fertilizer of using also can cause groundwater pollution and topsoil simultaneously, is also a kind of threat to HUMAN HEALTH.Secondly, the excessive use of chemical fertilizer causes soil absorption capacity poor, and chemical fertilizer utilising efficiency reduces, and cost increases.At present, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in China's chemical fertilizer field is only 15 ~ 40%, and phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is only 10 ~ 20%, and potassium utilization rate is only 20 ~ 25%.3rd, the life-time service of chemical fertilizer has a strong impact on crop, and chemical residue enrichment allows crop harm humans life security.
Although organic fertilizer, containing the various nutritive elements needed for plant-growth, can improve Soil structure, increase soil fertility, but nutrient contained in organic fertilizer is mostly the material of organic, and N, P, K content is not high, so its fertilizer efficiency is slow, be used alone the demand that also can not meet farm crop.
My company scientific and technical personnel are in conjunction with the development trend of domestic and international agricultural state and fertilizer in the future, through feasibility study repeatedly, Development and Production represents the functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of improving the soil of China's new-type fertilizer advanced level, this new-type fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of kind of plant, the content that can improve soil fertility, alleviate soil compaction, increase soil with organic matter.This fertilizer application is in extensive range, adapt to various soil.Have antibacterial disease-resistant deinsectization, improve effect of crop anti-adversity, long-term application can play the effect preventing and reduce environmental pollution.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of with plant straw and animal waste for raw material, take multifunction soil improver as functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer and the production method of improving the soil of additive, the Fertilizer Transformed achieving plant straw and animal waste utilizes.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, straw is mixed by a certain percentage with turfy soil, make the water content in mixing raw material in the scope of suitable cook, the boiling decay agent suitable by choice for use and reaction process condition, can obtain the soil ulmin pulpous state cooking liquor of high density; Animal waste is freezing, pulverize, high temperature high pressure sterilizing, add catalyzer, effectively compound microbial and ferment, obtain organic slurry fermentation liquid; Pulpous state cooking liquor is mixed with slurry fermentation liquid and multifunction soil improver, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, dry granulation inorganic organic fertilizer.
Particularly, said functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer and the production method of improving the soil of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) plant stalk powder boiling
By plant straw powder and turfy soil (original unprocessed) and steaming preparation mixing, and mix is even, load in withstand voltage and resistant to elevated temperatures container, be heated between 120 ~ 160 DEG C with steam or external source thermal source, and keep 5 ~ 7h, container slow rotation should be made in heat-processed, keep mixing state to make material; The mixing quality ratio of straw and turfy soil controls 5: 15, the consumption of steaming preparation is that said mixture amounts to 5 ~ 10% of dry weight, mix process can be carried out outside steamer vessel, also can carry out in steamer vessel, obtain soil ulmin slurries after reaction terminates, its dry solid content is 20 ~ 60%; PH, between 8 ~ 9, in weakly alkaline, can remove from acid neutralization, obtain pulpous state cooking liquor.
(2) animal waste fermentation
Animal residue, that tankage put into freezer is freezing, the animal body sealing conveying belt after freezer is sent into pulverizer and pulverizes, animal body is ground into bulk, size 3-4 cm, carries out high temperature high pressure sterilizing again after pulverizing, animal body after pulverizing carries out separating and filtering through grid after high temperature high pressure sterilizing, oil substances and hair and bone class material are separated, hair and bone class material enter vacuum carburization stove after drying and carry out carbonizing treatment, join in oil substances through the hair of carbonizing treatment and bone class material, pH value is adjusted to 7-8, add catalyzer again, effectively compound microbial, organic waste water and sludge agitation are mixed with mixing organic substance, mud, oil substances, catalyzer, the mass ratio of effectively compound microbial and high concentrated organic wastewater is 1: 0.6: 0.4: 0.2: 1, and ferment in anaerobic tower, fermentation time 2 ~ 5 days, leavening temperature controls at 20 ~ 55 DEG C, obtain slurry fermentation liquid.
(3) described multifunction soil improver is the mixture of flyash, herbal medicine Rangooncreeper Fruit powder, Seaweed Extract, and their amount ratio described is 5: 3: 2.
(3) composite organic-inorganic fertilizer preparation
The slurry fermentation liquid that the pulpous state cooking liquor obtain step (1) and step (2) obtain mixes in the ratio of 1: 1, finished chemical fertilizer and multifunction soil improver is added in mixed solution, stir, then drying-granulating makes particulate state composite organic-inorganic fertilizer.
Straw in described step (1) can be one or more any mass ratio mixing of straw of wheat, corn, cotton, Chinese sorghum, straw, beans, pulverizes during use.
Turfy soil organic content 50%-60% in described step (1), humic acid 40%-50%, water content 50-70%, pH value is that 5.0-5.5 becomes slant acidity.
Steaming preparation in described step (1) is one or more in ammonium sulphite, S-WAT and Potassium hydrogen sulfite, the effect adding sulphite be the organism in stalk and mud is hydrolyzed, decompose, dissolve and humify transform.
Catalyzer is 1.5: 2: 2: 1 formulated in mass ratio by diatomite, medical stone, zeolite and ferrous sulfate in described step (2).
Effectively compound microbial in described step (2) is the composition of one or more compositions in bacillus, Pseudomonas alcaligenes genus, Thiobacillus, Nitrobacter, lactobacillus, sugared zygosaccharomyces, Alcaligenes.
Organic sewage in described step (2) mainly contains slaughtering waste water, casing factory processing waste water, bean product source mill waste water; Described mud mainly refers to sewage treatment plants mud, casing source mill mud.
Rangooncreeper Fruit's powder of described step (3) herbal medicine Rangooncreeper Fruit is dried or dries, and crosses 40 mesh sieves.
Embodiment
(1) plant stalk powder boiling: get turfy soil 150 kilograms (water ratio is 60%), add solid sodium sulfite 8.5 kilograms, stir, add again and pulverize and cross the corn stalk powder 30 kilograms of 20 eye mesh screens, stir, load in digester, under keeping rotary spherical digester slow rotation state, be heated to 150 DEG C with high-pressure steam, then keep 2h at this temperature; Stop heating and rotate, the soup compound to boiling being obtained when about 100 DEG C to be cooled is released, and is transferred in cooling pool and is down to room temperature, obtain pulpous state cooking liquor.
(2) animal waste fermentation: get animal residue, that tankage 180 kilograms put into freezer is freezing, animal body sealing conveying belt after freezer is sent into pulverizer pulverize, animal body is ground into bulk, size 3-4 cm, after pulverizing, carries out high temperature high pressure sterilizing again, animal body after pulverizing carries out separating and filtering through grid after high temperature high pressure sterilizing, oil substances and hair and bone class material are separated, hair and bone class material enter vacuum carburization stove after drying and carry out carbonizing treatment, join in oil substances through the hair of carbonizing treatment and bone class material, pH value is adjusted to 7-8, add again by diatomite, medical stone, zeolite and ferrous sulfate be 1.5: 2: 2: 1 formulated catalyzer 4 kilograms in mass ratio, bacillus, Pseudomonas alcaligenes belongs to, Thiobacillus effectively compound microbial 2 kilograms, organic waste water 10 kilograms and mud 10 kilograms of stirrings are mixed with mixing organic substance, ferment in anaerobic tower, fermentation time 4 days, leavening temperature controls at 45 DEG C, obtain slurry fermentation liquid.
(3) the fully mixing of 5 kilograms, flyash, 3 kilograms, herbal medicine Rangooncreeper Fruit powder, Seaweed Extract 2 kilograms is got.
(4) the slurry fermentation liquid that pulpous state cooking liquor step (1) obtained and step (2) obtain mixes in the ratio of 1: 1, then add nitrogenous (N) and measure 50 kilograms, the urea of 46%, the double superhosphate 40 kilograms of phosphorous (P2O5) 46%, 35 kilograms, the Repone K containing potassium (K2O) 60%, and the multifunction soil improver that step (3) is obtained, after warm air drying, obtain granular organic and inorganic complex fertilizer product by mechanical presses granulation.The index of product is: organic 30.5%, and nitrogenous (N) measures 20.4%, phosphorous (P2O5) 8.5%, containing potassium oxide (K2O) 9.5%.
Not only nutrient is comprehensive for functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of improving the soil of the present invention, and nutrient is easy to absorbed by crops, simultaneously, also by improving soil aggregate, make soil colloid with more positive charge, thus improve crop to the absorption of nutrient in soil, meanwhile, some are displaced as CI
-, NO
3 -, NO
2 -deng, thus reach reduction soil salinity and alkalinity, regulate potential of hydrogen, improve the effect of edatope.
Improve the soil test in field
Selection sandy loam, light clay, the soil that heavy clay three kinds of quality are different, when basic condition is as far as possible consistent, the soil of every type all arranges check plot and test site, each 66.7 square metres of area, functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 5 kilograms of improving the soil is used in test site, check plot is by normal field management, and improving soil is in table 1.
The functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer improving soil of improving the soil of soil application that table 1 is dissimilar
Result shows, after functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of improving the soil of the present invention is used in test site, anion exchange capacity (weighing the important indicator of soil fertilizer ability) has raising by a relatively large margin, increasing degree is between 3-5%, porosity improves between 12-13%, moisture content increases 9-11%, porosity increases, then the soil weight reduces, the degree that hardens also just reduces, after this also shows to use this functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of improving the soil, the structure of soil is improved, soil is to water, fertile, gas, the ability of regulation and control of heat strengthens, be conducive to growing of microorganism.
Field simulation experiments
Prove through field test, use functional composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of improving the soil of the present invention and there is good effect of increasing production, the test of cucumber cultivation of carrying out in Shouguang City of Shandong Province, other fertilizer district and clear area is set up to compare, under equal conditions, the seedling using this fertilizer is emerged early and strengthens, and blade is plump and green dark.Show in the test of Linyi modern agriculture Demonstration Garden, the kinds such as the tomato of planting with this fertilizer, pocket cucumber, muskmelon,, color depth thicker than growing way good, Ye great, the stem of using the plantation of other fertilizer, bear fruit early, quantity is many, completely filled fruit, general volume increase 15-30%, and quality better, chemical fertilizer and pesticide residue meet national standard, can regard as green product.