CN103705372A - 加压装置中的残余压力控制 - Google Patents

加压装置中的残余压力控制 Download PDF

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CN103705372A
CN103705372A CN201310423162.1A CN201310423162A CN103705372A CN 103705372 A CN103705372 A CN 103705372A CN 201310423162 A CN201310423162 A CN 201310423162A CN 103705372 A CN103705372 A CN 103705372A
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CN103705372B (zh
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M·德什潘德
A·马希
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Covidien LP
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Abstract

用于控制加压装置的方法控制了加压装置的排放阶段,所述加压装置具有能被加压以用于施压于对象身体部位的可膨胀囊。该方法包括将加压流体从加压流体源输送至布置于对象身体的一部分周围的第一可膨胀囊,以及通过打开第一阀从第一可膨胀囊排放加压流体。该方法还包括在排放第一可膨胀囊过程中监测第一可膨胀囊中的流体压力。至少部分地基于所监测到的流体压力,第一阀被有选择地关闭和有选择地重新打开,以控制第一可膨胀囊中的流体压力维持在所需的残余压力范围内。

Description

加压装置中的残余压力控制
背景技术
本发明大体涉及压力控制,并且更特别地涉及控制加压装置的囊中的残余压力。
背景技术
当患者长期卧床时患者的四肢(尤其是腿部)能够产生血液积聚或淤积。淤积是成问题的,原因在于其是导致血栓形成的重要原因。为了防止产生血栓形成,理想的是将流体移出四肢组织中的组织间隙之外以增强循环。
间歇充气加压(IPC)装置用于改善循环以及最小化患者四肢中的血栓形成。这些装置通常包括具有一个或多个可膨胀囊的加压套筒或加压衣,以向四肢提供加压脉冲或加压疗法。
通常通过充气泵和阀来提供气动加压疗法,所述充气泵和阀控制空气流进流出特定的囊。通常,通过加压装置的微处理器控制囊的膨胀,以达到提供所需治疗效果的设定压力。一旦达到设定压力,则囊通常被排放直至其达到环境压力为止。
发明内容
在一个方面中,用于控制加压装置的方法控制了加压装置的排放阶段,所述加压装置具有能被加压以用于施压于对象身体部位的可膨胀囊。该方法包括将加压流体从加压流体源输送至布置于对象身体的一部分周围的第一可膨胀囊,以及通过打开第一阀从第一可膨胀囊排放加压流体。该方法还包括在第一可膨胀囊排放过程中监测第一可膨胀囊中的流体压力。至少部分地基于所监测到的流体压力,第一阀被有选择地关闭和有选择地重新打开,以控制第一可膨胀囊中的流体压力维持在所需的残余压力范围内。
在另一个方面中,用于控制加压装置的方法包括控制加压装置的排放阶段,所述加压装置包括能被加压以施压于对象身体部位的可膨胀囊。该方法包括将加压流体从加压流体源输送至布置于对象身体的一部分周围的可膨胀囊,以及通过部分地打开比例阀从可膨胀囊排放加压流体。该方法还包括在排放过程中监测可膨胀囊中的流体压力。至少部分地基于所监测到的可膨胀囊中的流体压力,当可膨胀囊中的流体压力落入所需的残余压力范围内时比例阀被关闭。
在另一个方面中,一种用于施加加压治疗于对象的身体部位的加压装置,所述加压装置包括:控制器;第一可膨胀囊,所述第一可膨胀囊与控制器流体连通;以及3向/2位置、通常打开的第一阀,所述第一阀与第一可膨胀囊流体连通。所述控制器构造成供给加压流体,所述加压流体能够被第一可膨胀囊接收。第一阀能够被控制器致动,以控制加压流体从第一可膨胀囊排放。
在另一个方面中,一种用于施加加压治疗于对象身体部位的加压装置,所述装置包括控制器、多个可膨胀囊、以及多个阀。控制器被构造成供给加压流体。多个可膨胀囊与控制器流体连通,并且来自控制器的加压流体被多个可膨胀囊中的每一个接收。多个阀中的每一个与各自的可膨胀囊流体连通。多个阀中的不到全部的阀从多个可膨胀囊排放流体。这个构造能够例如减少排放囊所需的阀数量,并且因此减少加压装置的总尺寸。
在一个或多个方面中,歧管能够与每一个囊流体连通,并且单个压力转换器能够与歧管流体连通以用于测量每一个囊中的流体压力。在一些方面中,止回阀能够在歧管上游并且与歧管流体连通。额外地或替代地,在某些方面中,歧管能够限定失效保护孔。
实施例能够包括以下优势中的一个或多个。
在一些实施例中,控制加压装置的排放阶段的方法包括:至少部分地基于所测量到的囊中的流体压力,有选择地关闭和有选择地重新打开阀,以控制囊中的流体压力保持在所需的残余压力范围内(例如,高于环境压力并且低于用于治疗对象的加压压力的压力)。在排放阶段过程中这些囊内的流体控制能够例如减少了在后续治疗阶段中膨胀囊所需的流体(例如空气)的量。减少膨胀囊所需的流体的量能够减少加压和排放过程的整体循环时间,以便于改进对对象身体的一部分的治疗。额外地或替代地,减少膨胀囊所需的流体的量能够减小与膨胀囊有关的空气供给源的尺寸,这能够有利于例如加压装置的便携性和/或减少加压装置在对象附近占据的空间的量。
在一些实施例中,控制加压装置的排放阶段的方法包括控制一个或多个阀,以控制在一个或多个囊中的残余压力。在一些实施例中,三个囊中的残余压力的这种控制能够有利于三个囊中成梯度的残余压力的使用。例如,能够定位于围绕对象踝部的第一囊能够具有大约4毫米汞柱的残余压力,能够定位于围绕对象腓部的第二囊能够具有大约2毫米汞柱的残余压力,以及能够定位于围绕对象股部的第三囊能够具有大约0毫米汞柱的残余压力。当囊被膨胀以施加成梯度的加压压力于对象时,这种残余压力的梯度能够减少每一个囊的各自的膨胀时间和/或各自的膨胀体积。
其他目的和特征将从描述和附图以及权利要求中显而易见。
附图说明
图1为加压装置的示意图。
图2为图1的加压装置的压力曲线的图示。
图3为包括均具有专用阀的囊的加压装置的示意图。
图4为包括均具有专用阀和专用压力转换器的囊的加压装置的示意图。
图5为包括用于控制共同歧管中的压力的阀和用于某些囊的专用阀的加压装置的示意图。
图6为包括用于控制共同歧管中的压力的阀和用于某些囊的专用阀的加压装置的另一个实施例的示意图。
图7为包括被动止回阀的加压装置的示意图。
图8为包括通常打开和通常关闭的阀的加压装置的示意图。
图9为控制器和加压套筒的立体图。
全部附图中相应的附图标记代表相应的部件。
具体实施方式
参考图1,间歇充气加压(IPC)装置1的充气回路包括囊3和用于控制囊中的残余压力的控制器5。在IPC装置1中,包括囊3的加压套筒13例如通过管15连接至控制器5,控制器5具有操作地连接至空气供给源21(例如加压器)的处理器19,所述空气供给源21向囊提供加压空气。阀23设置于套筒13和空气供给源21之间。在阀23下游的压力转换器25监测囊3中的压力。转换器25可以直接地连接至囊3或与囊连通的歧管(未示出)。套筒13能具有两个或更多个囊。例如,图3中示出的套筒113具有三个囊。
当前参考图1和9,控制器5布置于壳体22中。在壳体22上的控制面板24包括例如用于输入参数至控制器5的控制和指示器。输出连接器26定位于壳体22上,并且能够与管15接合,管15用于将控制器5和空气供给源21连接至套筒13。套筒13包括三个囊3,所述三个囊3在使用时分别加压至对象的踝部、腓部、和股部。应当理解的是,套筒13能够根据需要包括更少的囊或额外的囊,以用于将具体的加压治疗方案应用于对象的一部分(诸如四肢)。
套筒13构造为包裹于对象四肢(例如腿)的周围(图9)。为了向四肢提供加压脉冲,控制器5打开阀23并且激活空气供给源21,以向囊3提供加压空气,直至囊中的压力达到用于加压循环操作的适合值为止。在其中套筒具有两个或更多个囊的实施例中,按次序的加压疗法能够被施加于对象四肢。当完成加压时,停用空气供给源21,并且例如通过往回穿过管15排放至控制器5而容许囊3减压。空气可以通过阀23被排放至环境中。理想的是在排放之后在囊3中保持某一压力(即残余压力)。控制囊3中的残余压力通过减少后续加压所需的空气而减少了装置1(特别是空气供给源21)的流动需求。在一些实施例中,所需的残余压力范围在大约0毫米汞柱至大约15毫米汞柱之间(例如大约1毫米汞柱至大约10毫米汞柱之间)。
处理器19执行计算机可执行指令,以使囊3加压(例如膨胀),从而向佩戴者四肢提供加压压力。例如,处理器19可以执行指令,以将囊3加压至第一加压压力(例如20毫米汞柱),从而使四肢中的血液从囊3下方的区域(例如腓部)移动。加压循环的这个阶段被称作膨胀阶段。在将囊3加压至第一加压压力之后,处理器19可以执行指令,以将囊中的压力降低至残余压力(例如10毫米汞柱),从而容许血液重新进入囊下方的四肢区域。加压循环的这个阶段被称作排放阶段。在排放阶段过程中,能够由压力转换器25感测囊3中的压力,直至囊中的压力到达所需的残余压力(例如预定的残余压力)为止。
为了在排放阶段过程中控制囊3中的压力,处理器19能执行指令,以操作阀23来将囊排放至所需的残余压力。例如,当流体从囊3排放时,处理器19能够打开和关闭阀23,直至囊中的压力落入预定的残余压力范围内为止。
参考图2,一旦完成膨胀阶段,则处理器19执行指令以打开阀23,并且囊3中的压力开始下降,从而开始排放阶段。预定的压力值P1、P2能够被设定为使得阀23保持打开,直至压力转换器25感测到囊3中的压力已经达到底限压力P1(例如底限压力P1能够高于环境压力)。当转换器25测量到P1或更低的压力时,处理器19执行指令以关闭阀23,从而导致囊3中的压力升高。当压力转换器25感测到囊3中的压力已经达到或超过上限压力P2时,处理器19执行指令以打开阀23,从而导致囊中的压力下降。处理器19能够以这种方式执行指令以操作阀(即反复地打开和关闭阀23),直至囊3中的压力稳定于P1和P2之间的压力范围为止。处理器19也能够执行指令,以使用操作地连接至处理器的计时器31定期打开和关闭阀23。例如,处理器19能够每隔大约200毫秒打开和关闭阀23,直至所需的残余压力维持于囊3中为止。虽然图2说明用于单个囊的残余压力的时间函数,但是将被理解的是该过程能够被用于具有多个囊的加压装置中。
参考图3,充气回路101包括三个囊103A、103B、103C,每个囊均与专用阀123A、123B、123C流体连通。回路101中与回路1的部件大体对应的部件将被赋予相同的标记加上“100”。单个的压力转换器125与歧管127流体连通,所述歧管127与囊103A、103B、103C连通。空气供给源121通过管115输送加压空气至囊103A、103B、103C。回路101能够如上所述那样将囊103A、103B、103C排放至所需的残余压力。例如,每次阀被打开时,压力转换器125测量相应的囊中的压力,直至达到目标残余压力为止。每个阀123A、123B、123C均为3向/2位置、通常关闭的电磁阀。这些阀中的每一个均包括三个端口,并且能够被致动以在第一位置将第一端口(即入口端口)放置成与第二端口(即囊端口)流体连通。每一个阀还能够被致动以在第二位置将第二端口放置成与第三端口(即排放端口)流体连通。每一个阀123A、123B、123C中的第一端口与空气供给源121流体连通。每一个阀123A、123B、123C的第二端口与各自的囊103A、103B、103C流体连通,并且第三端口与环境大气流体连通。阀123A、123B、123C也能够为其他类型。
每一个囊103A、103B、103C中的压力能够被控制至共同的或不同的残余压力。为了将每一个囊控制至共同的残余压力,控制器105同时排放103A、103B、103C,以在歧管127中产生均一的压力。通过同时打开和关闭阀123A、123B、123C来控制歧管压力,直至达到目标残余压力为止。
每一个囊103A、103B、103C中的压力能够被控制至不同的残余压力。为了将囊103A、103B、103C中的压力控制至不同的残余压力,控制器105独立地排放每一个囊(例如控制器能够独立地控制打开和关闭每一个阀的过程)。这能够例如便于使用单个压力转换器来监测每一个囊103A、103B、103C中的压力。
在一些实施例中,控制器105将囊103A、103B、103C相继地排放至各自的残余压力。在这些实施例中,通过反复地打开和关闭相应的阀123A而排放第一囊103A。压力转换器125测量与第一囊103A相对应的歧管127中的压力,并且囊被排放直至压力达到第一囊所需的残余压力为止,此时阀123A被关闭。控制器105随后变址到第二囊103B并且排放第二囊,直至歧管127中的压力达到第二囊所需的残余压力为止。最后,控制器105变址到第三囊103C并且排放第三囊,直至歧管127中的压力达到第三囊所需的残余压力为止。在任意囊中达到目标残余压力之前,控制器105能够在囊103A、103B、103C之间变址。控制器105也能够将每一个囊103A、103B、103C相继地排放至相同的或不同的残余压力。额外地或替代地,控制器105能够非序列的方式在囊103A、103B、103C之间变址。
参考图4,充气回路201类似于回路101(图3),除了每一个囊203A、203B、203C分别具有专用阀223A、223B、223C和专用压力转换器225A、225B、225C之外。回路201中与回路1的部件大体上相对应的部件被赋予相同的标记加上“200”。
能够使用来自每一个专用压力转换器225A、225B、225C的压力读数将每一个囊203A、203B、203C控制至所需残余压力。具有专用压力转换器也能够容许控制器205将每一个囊203A、203B、203C同时排放至共同的或不同的残余压力。
参考图5,充气回路301包括用于控制共用歧管327中的压力的第一阀323A、第二囊303B专用的第二阀332B、以及第三囊303C专用的第三阀323C。单个压力转换器325测量歧管327和三个囊303A、303B、303C中的残余压力。第一阀323A作为将空气从每一个囊排放出回路的“排放阀”。在说明的实施例中,每一个阀323A、323B、323C为2向/2位置、通常关闭的电磁阀。这些阀包括两个端口(入口端口和出口端口),并且被关闭直至阀被通电为止。阀323A、323B、323C也能够为其他类型的阀。回路301中与回路1的部件大体上相对应的部件将被赋予相同的标记加上“300”。
在排放阶段过程中,控制器305使用第一阀323A来控制歧管327和三个囊303A、303B、303C中的残余压力。在加压治疗过程中,囊303A、303B、303C和歧管327可以全部对彼此打开,或者在某些示例中可以在治疗过程中被控制为定时操作。例如,能够由控制器305指示第二阀323B和第三阀323C在排放过程中保持打开。控制器305能够打开和关闭第一阀323A,以在排放阶段过程中控制全部三个囊中的残余压力。控制器305也能够在排放过程中指示第二阀323B和第三阀323C保持打开,以及打开和关闭第一阀323A。虽然这个构造不容许独立地控制每一个囊303A、303B、303C中的残余压力,但是这个构造能够实施为具有单个压力转换器325,与需要额外的压力转换器的实施例相比这降低了成本。
也能够通过仅保持排放阀323A在排放阶段过程中打开并且独立地打开和关闭第二阀323B和第三阀323C来操作回路301。在这些实施例中,当通过控制器305关闭第三阀323C以及打开和关闭第二阀时,第一囊303A和第二囊303B中的压力将规格化至歧管327中的压力,并且在第一和第二囊中的残余压力将为相同的。当控制器305关闭第二阀323B并且变址到第三阀323C时,第三阀的打开和关闭将导致第三囊303C中的压力规格化至歧管327中的压力,从而导致第一囊303A和第三囊303C中的残余压力为相同的。这个压力可能与第二囊303B中的压力相同的或不同的。根据与加压治疗时间相比排放时间长度的不同,阀323A、323B、323C能够通常被打开或通常被关闭以最优化阀功率消耗。
参考图6,充气回路401类似于回路301(图5),除了回路301的排放阀323A被比例控制排放阀423A替代之外。回路401中与回路1的部件大体上相对应的部件将被赋予相同的标记加上“400”。
在说明的实施例中,比例控制阀423A为3向/3位置压电阀。然而,该阀能够为3向/2位置压电阀(未示出)或其他任何适合的比例控制阀。诸如阀423A的比例阀能够被部分地打开和关闭,以改变经过阀的流体的量和速率。控制器405能够控制在排放阶段过程中阀423A打开的程度,以控制囊403A、403B、403C中的残余压力。控制器405可以部分地打开排放阀423A,以使得空气从囊403A、403B、403C排放的速率与囊/歧管427中的测量压力和所需的残余压力之间的差值成比例。额外地或替代地,控制器405可以部分地打开排放阀423A,以使得空气从囊/歧管排放的速率与囊/歧管中的压力的变化速率成比例。与常规的电磁阀相比,使用阀423A的成比例控制使用了更少的能量,并且能够便于囊403A、403B、403C中的治疗加压压力与所需的残余压力之间更平滑的过渡。额外地或替代地,使用阀423A的成比例控制能够按照需要从周期循环修正囊403A、403B、403C中的残余压力。与电磁阀相比,这个阀不需要被反复地关闭或打开以控制残余压力。
参考图7,充气回路501类似于回路301(图5),除了被动止回阀529在排放阀523A下游之外。控制器505控制止回阀529,以控制每一个囊503A、503B、503C中的残余压力。回路501中与回路1的部件大体上相对应的部件被赋予相同的标记加上“500”。
在排放阶段过程中,当控制器505打开排放阀523A时,空气穿过止回阀529,直至歧管527中的压力下降至止回阀开启压力(例如在制造止回阀过程中设定的压力)之下为止。能够例如根据囊503A、503B、503C中所需的残余压力来选择开启压力。当歧管527中的压力下降至止回阀529的开启压力之下时,止回阀关闭,从而导致歧管中的压力提升。当歧管527中的压力升高至大于开启压力的水平时,止回阀529打开,从而降低歧管中的压力。因此,止回阀529通过其开启压力控制囊503A、530B、503C中的残余压力。
再次参考图3,被动止回阀(未示出)能够被添加至回路201的每一个阀223A、223B、223C的出口(例如在歧管227和每一个阀之间)。通过使用三个止回阀,每一个囊203A、203B、203C能够被控制至共同的或不同的残余压力。由于止回阀为被动的,因此没有消耗功率去控制残余压力。在这些止回阀的开启压力被固定的实施例中,囊的残余压力为恒定值。
参考图8,充气回路601类似于回路101(图3),除了阀623A和623B为3向/2位置、通常打开的电磁阀之外。回路601中与回路1的部件大体上相对应的部件将被赋予相同的标记加上“600”。阀623C为3向/2位置、通常关闭的电磁阀。阀623A、623B、623C分别与囊603A、603B、603C相关联。止回阀629布置于空气供给源621和歧管627之间。囊603A能够加压于对象的踝部,囊603B能够加压于对象的腓部,并且囊603C能够加压于对象的股部。与囊603A、603B(例如布置于患者腿的踝部和腓部周围的囊)相联的3向/2位置阀容许在膨胀阶段之间将残余压力保持于这些囊中。歧管627中的孔633可以提供失效保护机构以排放来自囊603A、603B、603C的流体。孔633为歧管627中的小开口,以在阀在膨胀循环过程中失效的情况下帮助排放歧管。孔633的直径能够例如为大约0.005英寸至大约0.2英寸。
显然可以进行修改和变化而不脱离本发明的范围。
当介绍本发明或其优选实施例的元件时,冠词“一个”、“一种”、“所述”、和“该”旨在表明存在一个或多个元件。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”旨在表明包含性的并且表明存在除了已列出元件之外的其他元件。
综上所述,将看到的是实现了若干目的并且获得其他有利的结果。
由于能够在上述结构和方法中做出各种改变而不脱离本发明的范围,因此包含于以上描述中并且在附图中示出的全部内容将被解释为说明性的并非限制性的。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于施加加压治疗于对象的身体部位的加压装置,所述加压装置包括:
控制器,所述控制器构造成供给加压流体;
第一可膨胀囊,所述第一可膨胀囊与控制器流体连通,来自控制器的加压流体能够被第一可膨胀囊接收;以及
3向/2位置、通常打开的第一阀,所述第一阀与第一可膨胀囊流体连通,第一阀能够被控制器致动,以控制加压流体从第一可膨胀囊排放。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加压装置,还包括:
第二可膨胀囊,所述第二可膨胀囊与控制器流体连通,来自控制器的加压流体能够被第二可膨胀囊接收;以及
3向/2位置、通常打开的第二阀,所述第二阀与第二可膨胀囊流体连通,以用于从第二可膨胀囊排放流体;
第三可膨胀囊,所述第三可膨胀囊与控制器流体连通,来自控制器的加压流体能够被第三可膨胀囊接收;以及
第三阀,所述第三阀与第三可膨胀囊流体连通,以用于从第三可膨胀囊排放流体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的加压装置,其中,第三阀为3向/2位置、通常关闭的阀。
4.根据权利要求2所述的加压装置,其中
第一可膨胀囊被构造成施压于对象的踝部;
第二可膨胀囊被构造成施压于对象的腓部;以及
第三可膨胀囊被构造成施压于对象的股部。
5.根据权利要求2所述的加压装置,还包括:
与所述可膨胀囊中的每一个流体连通的歧管;以及
与歧管流体连通的用于测量所述可膨胀囊中的每一个中的流体压力的单个压力转换器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的加压装置,还包括在歧管上游并且与歧管流体连通的止回阀。
7.根据权利要求4所述的加压装置,其中,歧管限定失效保护孔。
8.根据权利要求1所述的加压装置,其中,控制器具有被构造成执行计算机可执行指令的处理器,计算机可执行指令包括用于如下用途的指令:
将加压流体从加压流体源输送至布置于对象身体的一部分周围的第一可膨胀囊,
在所述排放过程中从第一可膨胀囊排放加压流体;
在所述排放过程中监测第一可膨胀囊中的流体压力;以及
至少部分地基于所监测到的流体压力,有选择地关闭和有选择地重新打开第一阀,以控制第一可膨胀囊中的流体压力,从而维持在所需的残余压力范围内。
9.根据权利要求8所述的加压装置,其中,所需的残余压力范围在大约1毫米汞柱至大约10毫米汞柱之间。
10.根据权利要求8所述的加压装置,其中,处理器还被构造成执行包括如下的计算机可执行指令:重复所述有选择地关闭和重新打开阀,以将第一可膨胀囊中的流体压力维持在所需的残余压力范围内。
11.根据权利要求8所述的加压装置,其中,处理器还被构造成执行包括如下的计算机可执行指令:以规律的时间间隔有选择地关闭和有选择地重新打开阀,以将第一可膨胀囊中的流体压力维持在所需的残余压力范围内。
12.根据权利要求8所述的加压装置,其中,时间间隔为大约200毫秒。
13.根据权利要求8所述的加压装置,其中,用于监测流体压力的计算机可执行指令包括接收来自与第一可膨胀囊流体连通的压力转换器的信号。
CN201310423162.1A 2012-09-28 2013-09-17 加压装置中的残余压力控制 Expired - Fee Related CN103705372B (zh)

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AU2013213766B2 (en) 2015-01-22
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