CN103700287B - 通过传感器脉冲执行交通工具防撞警告的系统和方法 - Google Patents

通过传感器脉冲执行交通工具防撞警告的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN103700287B
CN103700287B CN201310541012.0A CN201310541012A CN103700287B CN 103700287 B CN103700287 B CN 103700287B CN 201310541012 A CN201310541012 A CN 201310541012A CN 103700287 B CN103700287 B CN 103700287B
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rfid
antenna
warning
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CN103700287A (zh
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J·C·柯克
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/66—Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q9/00—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling
    • B60Q9/008—Arrangement or adaptation of signal devices not provided for in one of main groups B60Q1/00 - B60Q7/00, e.g. haptic signalling for anti-collision purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/42—Arrangement or adaptation of brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D43/00—Arrangements or adaptations of instruments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C23/00—Combined instruments indicating more than one navigational value, e.g. for aircraft; Combined measuring devices for measuring two or more variables of movement, e.g. distance, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/765—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/04—Display arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/04—Anti-collision systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/04—Anti-collision systems
    • G08G5/045—Navigation or guidance aids, e.g. determination of anti-collision manoeuvers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/06—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC] for control when on the ground
    • G08G5/065—Navigation or guidance aids, e.g. for taxiing or rolling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/933—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft
    • G01S13/934—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft on airport surfaces, e.g. while taxiing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9329—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles cooperating with reflectors or transponders

Abstract

系统被配置为在传感器脉冲中嵌入警告信号。在一些示例中，当主机飞机的滑行防碰撞系统感测到朝向飞机的威胁时，将警告信号嵌入在传感器脉冲中，以警告违规交通工具它在主机飞机的传感器的视野内并且正处于与主机飞机有碰撞威胁的轨迹上移动。在其他示例中，雷达发出专用脉冲，以读取接收装置并向接收装置报警。

Description

通过传感器脉冲执行交通工具防撞警告的系统和方法
优先权要求
本申请要求2012年9月27日提交的美国临时申请(序列号No.61/706632)的优先权。
背景技术
目前接收停放或滑行的飞机和主机地面交通工具之间即将发生碰撞的及时警告的方法是昂贵的。这些解决方案可能无法向其他交通工具提供有效的警告。
发明内容
本发明提供了在传感器脉冲中嵌入警告信号的系统和方法。当主机飞机的滑行防碰撞系统感测到朝向飞机的威胁时，将警告信号嵌入在传感器脉冲中以警告违规交通工具它在主机飞机的传感器的视野内并且正处于与主机飞机有碰撞威胁的轨迹上移动。可替换地，雷达发出专用脉冲，以读取接收装置并向接收装置报警。
在本发明的一个方面，交通工具包括接收器，所述接收器当其接收到编码警告时向驾驶员报警必须遵从小心。
在本发明的另一个方面，在主机飞机的传感器的视野外的交通工具不接收警告或不按照接收到的警告而行动。所述警告仅向在传感器的波束(即，在无线发射场内)内的那些接收器“广播”。由于多径反射等等，其他接收器可能听到所述信号，但是设置在交通工具接收器中的阈值将消除大部分这类假警告。
在本发明的再另一个方面，主机飞机的传感器执行波束成形以使视野进一步变窄，因此减少可检测的交通工具的数量。
在本发明的又另一个方面，飞机的传感器读取嵌入在目标交通工具上的接收器中的RFID装置，并使检测到的RFID接收器的位置与由雷达(如果雷达能够如此)返回的精确位置相关联。因此，仅将警告发给相关的接收器，无需向传感器视野内的其他接收器和操作者发送警报。
在本发明的仍又另一个方面，主机飞机系统执行波束成形以使发射脉冲警告的视野变窄，进而减少接收警告的交通工具的数量。这与用于检测的变窄不同。雷达可以具有宽的视野以找到威胁，但是当发送警报时，从与检测相关的波束形成相分离地使警报波束变窄。
在本发明的又另外一个方面，主机飞机系统读取嵌入在目标的接收器中的RFID装置，并通过使用所述装置的唯一地址来仅向所述装置发送警告，因此减少发送到接收器操作者(驾驶员和设备操作者)的假警告或不相关警告的数量。
附图说明
接下来参考下面的附图详细地描述本发明的优选和替换的实施例：
图1是根据本发明实施例配置的示例性系统的框图；以及
图2是配备有图1所示的系统的示例性交通工具的侧视图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，第一交通工具20(例如，滑行飞机，基于地面的支援交通工具等)包括天线24，雷达处理器30，接收器32，发射器34，射频识别(RFID)标签检测部件38，以及目标检测部件36。
雷达部件(雷达处理器30，接收器32，以及发射器34)产生雷达脉冲并通过天线24发射雷达脉冲。基于雷达脉冲回波，处理器30检测并确定任何障碍物(诸如附近的服务交通工具)的坐标。发射的雷达脉冲可以包括RFID读取脉冲。发射的信号读取无源(无动力)RFID装置44，所述RFID装置44是位于第二交通工具/装置48(诸如飞机，地面人员或地面设备)中/上的接收器和报警装置40的一部分。
在天线24、接收器32和处理器30处接收的回波信号被发送到目标检测部件36。包含在接收信号中的RFID读取信息被发送到RFID标签检测部件38。部件36,38可以是单独的硬件处理器、在处理器30内的分区功能或者集成处理功能。目标检测部件36确定装置48的轨迹，并且基于所确定的轨迹确定交通工具/装置48是否处于与交通工具20(即交通工具正在移动或检测到物体正在移动，或两者都在移动)的碰撞路线中。然后处理器30和/或标签检测部件38检查与在碰撞路线上的第二交通工具/装置48相关联的相关的RFID标签。如果存在RFID标签，则处理器30产生警报，并将包含在RFID标签中的与交通工具/装置48和/或接收器和报警装置40相关联的信息附着到警报中。然后发送所产生的警报。
接收和报警装置40包括接收天线54，接收器56，处理器60，输出装置62和与RFID装置44连接的无源RFID天线52。RFID天线52和RFID装置44可以被包含在单个集成封装内。当交通工具20发出读取脉冲时，RFID装置44和RFID天线52提供装置40和/或装置48的身份信息。
RFID装置被配置为无源的。例如，RFID装置改变来自被动接收的雷达或无线电脉冲信号的反射脉冲。由查询装置的发射器/接收器的波束模式来确定RFID装置的读取范围。
在RFID设计领域的普通技术人员在无需过多的实验的情况下将会平衡雷达脉冲发射功率和RFID装置上的无源天线的尺寸，以确保具有足够的“目标横截面”以捕获和返回D信号。
在一个实施例中，当接收器56关闭时，处理器60使RFID装置44短路，从而移除要被读取的能力。当接收器32和处理器30响应于读取脉冲不接收RFID信息(RFID号码(ID))时，处理器30确定其不能向装置40发送接收器特定的警告。当接收器56打开时，RFID装置44向处理器60传送它的RFID号码。由于接收器56一直打开，处理器60保持RFID装置44是活动的。天线54和雷达脉冲接收器56接收具有识别信息(ID)的进来的警告，并将它们发送到处理器60。处理器60使接收的警告中的D与RFID装置44的RFID D相关联，以确定警告是否是针对装置40的。如果警告是针对装置40的，处理器60产生警报信号，所述报警报号被发送到输出装置62。响应于接收到警报信号，输出装置62生成声音，视觉，和/或触觉警报。输出装置警报的类型基于用户的选择。
RFID接收和报警装置40可以是：
-携带在衬衣口袋里；
-夹在，安装在，或粘接在交通工具(例如，飞机或地面支援交通工具的仪表板或挡风玻璃)上；和/或
-在电子飞行包或类似设备(例如，手机，平板电脑(Ipad))中实现。
报警可以是以下中的一个或多个：
-触觉(振动或其他触摸感觉)；
-声音(警报，语音警告)；和/或
-视觉(闪光灯，频闪闪光灯，旋转灯等)。
图2示出了滑行飞机100，其包括在图1中示出的交通工具20中所包括的部件。在一个实施例中，飞机100包括在一个或多个翼尖处的雷达收发器，所述雷达收发器产生读取脉冲。在任何邻近的交通工具处接收所产生的读取脉冲，诸如包括接收和报警装置40的服务交通工具110。响应于接收到读取脉冲，在服务交通工具110中的接收和报警装置40包含由于接收读取脉冲而产生的回波信号中的RFID信息。如果飞机100内的系统确定服务交通工具110造成碰撞威胁，那么产生并发射警告信号，所述警告信号包含针对服务交通工具110的RFID信息。当服务交通工具110接收警告信号时，它基于RFID信息确定警告信号是针对服务交通工具110的，并因此向服务交通工具110的操作者输出报警。
在一个实施例中，将本发明被集成到基于雷达的防碰撞系统(ACS)中，所述防碰撞系统(ACS)被设计为保护整个飞机或者诸如翼尖或发动机的各种部件。主机ACS可以是全面的保护系统，或可以是针对部分覆盖面，例如翼尖或发动机短舱。

Claims (3)

1.一种包括第一装置和第二装置的系统，所述第一装置包括：
至少一个天线；
无源射频识别RFID装置，与所述至少一个天线进行信号通信，所述无源RFID装置被配置为响应于在所述至少一个天线处接收到读取脉冲，通过所述至少一个天线提供包括RFID识别信息的雷达回波信号，
其中，所述第二装置被配置为：
发送包括所述读取脉冲的雷达信号，
基于多个接收的雷达回波信号确定所述第一装置的轨迹;
基于第一装置的轨迹确定第一装置和第二装置是否处于碰撞路线；以及
响应于确定第一装置和第二装置处于碰撞路线，向第一装置发送警告信号，所述警告信号包括警告识别信息；
其中所述第一装置还包括：
接收器，与所述至少一个天线进行信号通信；
处理器，被配置为：
通过所述至少一个天线接收来自第二装置的警告信号，
确定所述警告识别信息是否匹配所述RFID识别信息以确定所述警告信号是否用于所述第一装置；以及
如果所述警告识别信息匹配所述RFID识别信息，则产生报警信号；以及
输出装置，被配置为基于产生的报警信号提供报警。
2.一种设置在主机交通工具上的装置，所述装置包括：
收发器；以及
处理器，耦合至所述收发器，所述处理器被配置为：
通过所述收发器发射包括读取脉冲的雷达信号，
基于所述读取脉冲接收来自无源射频识别（RFID）装置的雷达回波信号，
通过基于多个接收的雷达回波信号确定目标的轨迹来确定由所述雷达回波信号识别的目标是否在与主机交通工具的碰撞路线上，
确定所述雷达回波信号是否包含识别信息，以及
如果确定所述目标和所述主机交通工具在碰撞路线上，则产生警告信号，
其中所述收发器被配置为发射所述警告信号，
其中如果确定在所述雷达回波信号中包含所述识别信息，那么所述警告信号包括所述识别信息。
3.一种方法，包括：
由第二装置发送包括读取脉冲的雷达信号；
由第一装置的至少一个天线接收所述读取脉冲；
由与至少一个天线进行信号通信的所述第一装置的无源射频识别RFID装置，响应于在接收到所述读取脉冲，通过所述至少一个天线提供包括RFID识别信息的雷达回波信号；
由所述第二装置基于多个接收到的雷达返回信号确定所述第一装置的轨迹；
由所述第二装置基于所述第一装置的轨迹确定所述第一装置和所述第二装置是否处于碰撞路线；
响应于确定所述第一装置和所述第二装置处于碰撞路线，所述第二装置向所述第一装置发送警告信号，所述警告信号包括警告识别信息；
通过所述第一装置的处理器经由所述至少一个天线接收来自第二装置的警告信号，
由所述第一装置的处理器确定所述警告识别信息是否匹配所述RFID识别信息以确定所述警告信号是否用于所述第一装置；以及
如果所述警告识别信息匹配所述RFID识别信息，则由所述第一装置的处理器产生报警信号；并且
由所述第一装置的输出装置，基于所产生的报警信号输出报警。
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