CN103694446B - 一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103694446B
CN103694446B CN201310430858.7A CN201310430858A CN103694446B CN 103694446 B CN103694446 B CN 103694446B CN 201310430858 A CN201310430858 A CN 201310430858A CN 103694446 B CN103694446 B CN 103694446B
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秦升益
贾屹海
张雪芳
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Beijing Rechsand Science and Technology Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，其特征在于，是由黑料和白料按照质量比1:1.2-1.4发泡制备而得；所述黑料为异氰酸酯类；所述白料由如下重量份的组分组成：水玻璃5-15份；聚醚多元醇40-55份；聚酯多元醇40-60份；催化剂0.1-0.5份；泡沫稳定剂2-5份；无卤阻燃剂5-15份；石墨阻燃剂5-15份。本发明还提供阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体的制备方法。本发明在现有聚氨酯泡沫配方中加入水玻璃替代传统氟氯烃发泡剂，可有效减少环境污染；同时水玻璃与无卤阻燃剂、石墨阻燃剂共同作用，提高聚氨酯的阻燃性，适宜应用到建筑材料、家具。保温材料、汽车座垫及内饰等领域。

Description

一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体及其制备方法，具体涉及在水玻璃发泡聚氨酯的基础上加入石墨提高阻燃性及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫体是以树脂为基础，采用化学或物理方法在其内部产生无数小气孔而制成的体。根据其应用，分为软泡、硬泡、半硬泡。
普通聚氨酯是可燃物，遇火燃烧分解产生大量有毒烟雾，给灭火带来困难，特别是聚氨酯软泡开孔率较高，可燃成分多，易燃且不易自熄。但是目前聚氨酯泡沫体的应用领域如建筑材料，床垫，家具，保温材料，汽车座垫及内饰材料等，都有阻燃要求，因此，已有很多企业已经采用阻燃级聚氨酯泡沫。
传统的阻燃方法是在原料中通过加入阻燃剂达到阻燃效果，或通过在聚醚多元醇中引入阻燃基团提高阻燃性，但是效果并不理想，氧指数都不超过“27”。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体的制备方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，是由黑料和白料按照质量比1:1.2-1.4发泡制备而得；
所述黑料为异氰酸酯类，优选甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)中一种或两种以上；进一步优选多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯；
所述白料由如下重量份的组分组成：水玻璃5-15份；聚醚多元醇40-55份；聚酯多元醇40-60份；催化剂0.1-0.5份；泡沫稳定剂2-5份；无卤阻燃剂5-15份；石墨阻燃剂5-15份。
所述白料进一步优选由如下重量份的组分组成：水玻璃8-12份；聚醚多元醇40-50份；聚酯多元醇40-50份；催化剂0.2-0.4份；泡沫稳定剂2-4份；无卤阻燃剂8-12份；石墨阻燃剂8-12份。
其中，所述水玻璃选自钠水玻璃或钾水玻璃中的一种；
所述聚醚多元醇选自聚氧化丙烯多元醇、聚四氢呋喃多元醇、四氢呋喃-氧化丙烯共聚多元醇或特种聚醚多元醇中一种或两种以上；所述特种聚醚多元醇由聚醚4110与聚醚403按质量比30-50:10-20组成；优选35：15。
所述聚酯多元醇选自脂肪族聚酯多元醇、芳香族聚酯多元醇、或脂环族聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种以上；优选聚酯400A。
所述催化剂选自胺类催化剂和/或有机锡催化剂；
其中，胺类催化剂选自脂肪族胺类催化剂、脂环族胺类催化剂、醇胺类催化剂、芳香族胺类催化剂中的一种或两种以上；
其中，所述脂肪族胺类催化剂选自N,N-二甲基环已胺、双(2-二甲氨基乙基)醚、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基亚烷基二胺、三乙胺、三乙烯二胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺中的一种或两种以上；所述脂环族胺类催化剂选自固胺、N-乙基吗啉、NMM、N,N’-二乙基哌嗪中的一种或两种以上；
所述醇胺类催化剂选自三乙醇胺和/或DMEA；
所述芳香族胺类选自吡啶和/或N,N-二甲基吡啶；
所述有机锡催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡中的一种或两种以上；
上述催化剂中最优选二月桂酸二丁基锡和三乙烯二胺；
所述泡沫稳定剂为有机硅泡沫稳定剂，优选泡沫稳定剂AK-8805；
所述无卤阻燃剂为有机磷系阻燃剂，优选甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)；
所述石墨阻燃剂为微米级石墨粉、可膨胀石墨或石墨乳中的一种。
本发明中所提及的原料均为市售采购。
本发明还提供上述聚氨酯泡沫体的制备方法，在室温下，先将水玻璃、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂、无卤阻燃剂、石墨阻燃剂混合均匀得到聚醚体系，即为白料；
再将黑料和白料按照质量比1:1.2-1.4混合，充分搅拌后，倒入模具中发泡、熟化，脱模，得到聚氨酯泡沫体。
其中，所述白料中组分配比同上所述；所述黑料组分选择同上所述。
所述的搅拌时间5-20s；搅拌速度1200-1800r/min。
作为本发明制备方法的一个优选实施方式是，在10-25℃条件下，先将水玻璃10-30份、聚醚多元醇40-50份、聚酯多元醇40-50份、催化剂0.4份、泡沫稳定剂3份、无卤阻燃剂10份、石墨阻燃剂10份混合均匀得到聚醚体系，即为白料；再将黑料与白料按质量比1:1.2-1.4称量后，转速1500r/min搅拌10s后，将混合物倒入模具中发泡、熟化，脱模，得到聚氨酯泡沫体。
本发明在现有聚氨酯泡沫配方中采用水玻璃替代传统氟氯烃发泡剂，可有效减少环境污染；同时水玻璃与无卤阻燃剂、石墨阻燃剂共同作用，提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性，使氧指数高达“35”，加入石墨阻燃剂后聚氨酯泡沫由传统的淡黄色变成黑色，从外观上打破传统颜色的束缚，更适宜应用到建筑材料、家具、保温材料、汽车座垫及内饰等领域。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
聚氨酯发泡体，具体配方见表1。
常温下，将一定量的聚醚多元醇4110、聚醚多元醇403、聚酯多元醇400A、钠水玻璃、阻燃剂DMMP、石墨乳、泡沫稳定剂AK-8805、二丁基二月桂酸锡、三乙烯二胺置于容器中机械混合搅拌20-30min，形成均匀的聚醚体系，即为白料。
再将白料与多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)PM-200在室温下混合反应，1500r/min下搅拌10s后倒入恒温垂直爬升模具中发泡固化，待泡体熟化后，将其从模具中取出，得到聚氨酯泡沫体。按照国标要求进行式样切割，测定泡体各项性能，见表2。
实施例2
按照实施例1的方法制备聚氨酯泡沫体。具体配方见表1。
其中，所述的搅拌时间5s；搅拌速度1800r/min。
实施例3
按照实施例1的方法制备聚氨酯泡沫体。具体配方见表1。
其中，所述的搅拌时间20s；搅拌速度1200r/min。
实施例4
按照实施例1的方法制备聚氨酯泡沫体。具体配方见表1。
其中，所述的搅拌时间15s；搅拌速度1400r/min。
对比例
按照实施例1的方法制备聚氨酯泡沫体。具体配方见表1。
表1聚氨酯泡沫体的配方(单位：kg)
表2聚氨酯泡沫体的性能测试
由表2可知，对比例只有有机阻燃剂、水玻璃，无石墨阻燃剂配方，氧指数仅为27，而实施例1-4加入一定比例的石墨阻燃剂后，所得聚氨酯氧指数大幅度提高，阻燃效果显著。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，其特征在于，是由黑料和白料按照质量比1:1.2-1.4发泡制备而得；所述黑料为异氰酸酯类；
所述白料由如下重量份的组分组成：水玻璃5-15份；聚醚多元醇40-55份；聚酯多元醇40-60份；催化剂0.1-0.5份；泡沫稳定剂2-5份；无卤阻燃剂5-15份；石墨阻燃剂5-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，其特征在于，所述白料由如下重量份的组分组成：水玻璃8-12份；聚醚多元醇40-50份；聚酯多元醇40-50份；催化剂0.2-0.4份；泡沫稳定剂2-4份；无卤阻燃剂8-12份；石墨阻燃剂8-12份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，其特征在于，所述水玻璃选自钠水玻璃或钾水玻璃中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，其特征在于，所述石墨阻燃剂为微米级的石墨粉、可膨胀石墨或石墨乳中的一种；所述无卤阻燃剂为有机磷系阻燃剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇选自聚氧化丙烯多元醇、聚四氢呋喃多元醇、四氢呋喃-氧化丙烯共聚多元醇或特种聚醚多元醇中一种或两种以上；
所述特种聚醚多元醇由聚醚4110与聚醚403按质量比30-50:10-20组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，其特征在于，所述聚酯多元醇选自脂肪族聚酯多元醇、芳香族聚酯多元醇、或脂环族聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种以上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体，其特征在于，所述催化剂选自胺类催化剂和/或有机锡催化剂；
其中，胺类催化剂选自脂肪族胺类催化剂、脂环族胺类催化剂、醇胺类催化剂、芳香族胺类催化剂中的一种或两种以上；所述有机锡催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、二(十二烷基硫)二丁基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡中的一种或两种以上；所述泡沫稳定剂为有机硅泡沫稳定剂。
8.权利要求1-7任一所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫体的制备方法，其特征在于，在室温下，先将水玻璃、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂、无卤阻燃剂、石墨阻燃剂混合均匀得到聚醚体系，即为白料；再将黑料和白料按照质量比1:1.2-1.4混合，充分搅拌后，倒入模具中发泡、熟化，脱模，得到聚氨酯泡沫体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的搅拌时间5-20s；搅拌速度1200-1800r/min。
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