CN103684360B - A kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method - Google Patents

A kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method Download PDF

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CN103684360B
CN103684360B CN201310722316.7A CN201310722316A CN103684360B CN 103684360 B CN103684360 B CN 103684360B CN 201310722316 A CN201310722316 A CN 201310722316A CN 103684360 B CN103684360 B CN 103684360B
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circuit
mosfet
square
voltage
trailing edge
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CN103684360A (en
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龙兆芝
李文婷
丁卫东
刘少波
任想
乔兵兵
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Xian Jiaotong University
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Xian Jiaotong University
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method, described generator includes HVDC source, resistance, storage capacitor, triggering pulse-width regulated module, rising edge circuit, trailing edge circuit and Synchronization Control trigger module;Described rising edge circuit includes solid switch MOSFET and optical couple isolation drive circuit;Described trailing edge circuit includes solid switch MOSFET circuit and avalanche transistor string;Described HVDC source, resistance, storage capacitor, triggering pulse-width regulated module, solid switch MOSFET and optical couple isolation drive circuit and avalanche transistor string are sequentially connected with.Described implementation method includes: storage capacitor is pre-charged by (1) high-voltage DC power supply;(2) trigger pulse-width regulated module and external trigger signal is changed into adjustable pulse width square-wave signal;(3) control optical couple isolation drive circuit and drive MOSFET conducting, load quick charge is formed rising edge circuit;(4) MOSFET driving trailing edge circuit turns on snowslide pipe, quickly blocks output pulse shaping trailing edge circuit.

Description

A kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to power system, a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method.
Background technology
In power system, in order to check power equipment tolerance Lightning Over-voltage and the ability of switching overvoltage, need dispatching from the factory Shi Jinhang surge voltage resistance test, so each big High-Voltage Experimentation room, the whole nation all possesses impacting with high pressure voltage generator and punching Hit the measurement equipment such as voltage divider, double measurement instrument.Wherein the wave front time of thunder and lightning all-wave be (0.84-1.56) μ s, Steep wave wave front time < 0.5 μ s, the wavefront time to chopping of thunder and lightning wave chopping also need < 0.5 μ s, this be accomplished by measurement voltage divider tool Standby good transient response characteristic, otherwise can cause the biggest measurement error and wave distortion.Therefore, in impact dividing potential drop It need to be carried out high frequency response characteristic Experimental Calibration when device dispatches from the factory or calibrates.The frequency band range of impulse voltage divider is not at present Disconnected extension, intrinsic standoff ratio constantly expands, and traditional frequency response method can not use because lacking high-frequency and high-voltage sine power supply, needs With square-wave generator, potentiometer is carried out step response attribute testing.For accurately measuring potentiometer high frequency response characteristic, Square-wave generator is asked to have the rising edge (or trailing edge) of higher amplitude, wider pulsewidth, ns level.
Normally used is square-wave generator based on hydrargyrum profit switch, and the advantage of this kind of generator is: easy to use, repetition Characteristic is good, and Rise Time of Square Wave can reach ns level, it is possible to meet the requirement of step response test, but hydrargyrum profit switchs Pressure limited, common hydrargyrum profit switch can only produce the low pressure square wave of (100~300) V.And along with the raising of electric pressure, The intrinsic standoff ratio of impulse voltage divider constantly increases, and when low pressure square-wave signal puts on potentiometer high-pressure side, measures in its low-pressure side The signal obtained is the faintest, easily by surrounding electromagnetic interference, cannot differentiate measuring, more can not enter on digital oscilloscope Row analytical calculation.It addition, for using pulse-forming line or Marx circuit, and through the pulse of steepness on-off principle design Generator, although rise time of its output square wave can accomplish the shortest (several ns even ps level), and amplitude is also up to tens of Kilovolt, but its output pulse width is the shortest, the most hundreds of ns, and shake bigger.Steady due to Resistor Divider for Impulse Voltage Measurements Fixing time general at about 200ns, the stabilization time of underdamping potentiometer is longer, and therefore pulsewidth is too small can not be calculated The definite stabilization time of potentiometer, and cannot the vibration in resolved measurement result waveform be to be brought by power supply when shaking bigger Or the transient response of potentiometer itself.
In recent years, each researcher's trial solid switch replaces gas discharge switch to carry out square-wave generator as master switch Research, solid switch is based on MOSFET and avalanche transistor, and this kind of solid switch has that break-make is stable, repeats The advantage that property is good, but its pressure relatively low, through-current capability is poor.Square-wave generator with MOSFET as master switch, because of MOSFET pipe conducting speed is relatively slow, and before its output square wave, (afterwards) is along more slow, is not suitable for the capacitive that capacitance is bigger Load;Square-wave generator with avalanche transistor as master switch, because snowslide pipe through-current capability is poor, it exports square wave pulse width Narrow, and when the capacitance of capacitive load is bigger, square wave front edge (or tailing edge) slows down, and snowslide Guan Yi burns because crossing stream. Therefore, the square-wave generator of the above-mentioned type is used, it is more difficult to convenient, comprehensively, reliably potentiometer step response is carried out Calibration.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method, for being currently used for electricity In Force system, the square-wave generator of impulse voltage divider step response test is at aspects such as waveform, repeatability, stability The problem existed, is improved in design principle and thinking so that it is amplitude is adjustable (300-1000) V, and pulsewidth can Adjust (10-220) μ s, fall time < high-voltage square wave signal of 5ns, this device is reproducible, stable performance, user Just, it is easy to carry, can be used for the test of impulse voltage divider step response.
It is an object of the invention to use following technical proposals to realize:
A kind of high-voltage square-wave generator, it thes improvement is that, described generator includes HVDC source, resistance, energy storage Electric capacity, triggering pulse-width regulated module, rising edge circuit, trailing edge circuit and Synchronization Control trigger module;Described rising edge Circuit includes solid switch MOSFET and optical couple isolation drive circuit;Described trailing edge circuit includes solid switch MOSFET circuit and avalanche transistor string;
Described HVDC source, resistance, storage capacitor, triggering pulse-width regulated module, solid switch MOSFET and light Coupling isolated drive circuit and avalanche transistor string are sequentially connected with.
Preferably, described HVDC source is DC Module power supply.
Preferably, described storage capacitor is high voltage thin film impulse capacitor.
Preferably, described triggering pulse-width regulated module includes external trigger circuit and pulse width modulation circuit.
Preferably, described resistance includes DC charging resistance, current limliting damping resistance, equalizing resistance and damping resistance.
Preferably, described solid switch MOSFET circuit forms parallel branch with avalanche transistor series circuit, synchronizes to trigger Module sends triggering MOSFET and the triggering signal of avalanche transistor, two kinds of switches use overvoltage pulse transformator every From driving, and realized the sequencing of two kinds of switch conductions by the length of regulation coaxial cable, by switch mosfet Leading conducting controls avalanche transistor conducting again.
Preferably, described generator uses electronic device, and components and parts and module are integrated in the can of full-shield, power supply It is connected by the port on box with measuring cable, the output voltage of the regulation DC Module that switches on power during use.
A kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method that the present invention provides based on another object, it thes improvement is that, described Method includes:
(1) storage capacitor is pre-charged by high-voltage DC power supply;
(2) trigger pulse-width regulated module and external trigger signal is changed into adjustable pulse width square-wave signal;
(3) control optical couple isolation drive circuit and drive MOSFET conducting, load quick charge is formed rising edge circuit;
(4) MOSFET driving trailing edge circuit turns on snowslide pipe, quickly blocks output pulse shaping trailing edge electricity Road.
Preferably, described step (4) includes that controlling rising edge circuit MOSFET turns off, and is used for preventing to load again Charging, and prevent storage capacitor from burning snowslide pipe by snowslide tube discharge for a long time.
Preferably, described step (2) includes the square wave that can be formed pulsewidth (10-220) μ s by pulse-width regulated module, And < 0.5%, pulsewidth is much larger than the response stabilization time of detected potentiometer, and potentiometer is to square wave rising edge for flat-top fall Respond without interference with output waveform after its response to trailing edge, and square wave trailing edge can long-time stable in zero potential, right The response of potentiometer is noiseless.
Preferably, described MOSFET forms parallel branch with avalanche transistor series circuit, regulates it and synchronizes conducting electric discharge, MOSFET discharge loop is formed and quickly blocks by snowslide tube loop, is used for preventing from occurring because of snowslide pipe through-current capability difference Cross stream to burn.
Preferably, described step (4) includes that load is not limited by generator loop, and resistance is > electric resistance partial pressure of 2k Ω Device, the underdamping capacitive divider of about 400pF all can mount, and loads as (2-10) k Ω or (300-500) During pF change, the output voltage trailing edge of generator all can meet < 5ns.
Compared with the prior art, the invention have the benefit that
The portable high-pressure square-wave generator based on MOSFET Yu avalanche transistor of the present invention, this generator make use of Switch mosfet and the advantage of avalanche transistor, can produce amplitude adjustable (300-1000) V, adjustable pulse width (10-220) μ s, fall time, < 5ns, waveform be repeatable, repetition rate scalable, the pulsewidth flat-top fall < high-voltage square wave signal of 0.5%; By force, easy to carry, workable, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong for compact conformation, stable performance, carrying load ability.Negative Load can be Resistor Divider for Impulse Voltage Measurements and underdamping capacitive divider, can carry out surge voltage and measure equipment, and steep wave measures equipment Step response test and the research of aspect of tracing to the source, have bigger scientific research and engineering use value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
A kind of high-voltage square-wave generator schematic diagram that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention.
A kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method load output square-wave waveform schematic diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of portable high-pressure square-wave generator based on MOSFET Yu avalanche transistor, by HVDC source, energy storage Electric capacity, resistance, triggering pulse-width regulated module, rising edge circuit, trailing edge circuit, synchronization trigger module composition.Wherein, HVDC source DC Module power supply;Storage capacitor is high voltage thin film impulse capacitor;Trigger pulse-width regulated module by outward Trigger circuit to form with pulse width modulation circuit;Resistance includes DC charging resistance, current limliting damping resistance, equalizing resistance and resistance Buffer resistance;Rising edge circuit is made up of solid switch MOSFET and optical couple isolation drive circuit;Trailing edge circuit includes Solid switch MOSFET circuit forms parallel branch with avalanche transistor series circuit, synchronizes trigger module and sends triggering The triggering signal of MOSFET and avalanche transistor, two kinds of switches use overvoltage pulse transformer isolation to drive, and pass through The length of regulation coaxial cable realizes the sequencing of two kinds of switch conductions, switch mosfet turn in advance and control Avalanche transistor turns on.Due to the fact that rising edge circuit uses MOSFET to make prime switch, control itself and trailing edge The conduction interval scalable output square wave pulse width of the rear class switch in circuit, trailing edge circuit passes through MOSFET and snowslide Audion with the use of making it produce, < the steep trailing edge of 5ns, for measuring the step response of impulse voltage divider.
Particularly as follows: storage capacitor is pre-charged by high-voltage DC power supply, triggers pulse width modulation circuit and realize external trigger and square wave arteries and veins Wide regulation, controls optical couple isolation drive circuit and drives MOSFET conducting, load quick charge is formed very fast rising edge, The MOSFET reaching certain square wave pulse width rear drive trailing edge circuit turns on snowslide pipe, quickly blocks output pulse form Become fast trailing edge, synchronization being realized of trailing edge MOSFET and avalanche transistor by coaxial cable Time delay.With Time, control rising edge circuit MOSFET and turn off, recharged to prevent load, and prevent storage capacitor long-time Burn snowslide pipe by snowslide tube discharge, thus export slow rising edge, wide pulse width, the square-wave voltage of fast trailing edge.
Wherein, use capacitive discharge-type square wave to produce principle, pulsewidth (10-220) can be formed by pulse-width regulated module The square wave of μ s, and flat-top drops, and < 0.5%, pulsewidth is much larger than the response stabilization time of detected potentiometer, potentiometer the other side The response of ripple rising edge can long-time stable exist without interference with output waveform after its response to trailing edge, and square wave trailing edge Zero potential, the response to potentiometer is noiseless.
Wherein, solid switch MOSFET and avalanche transistor series circuit form branch road arranged side by side, regulate it and synchronize conducting electric discharge, MOSFET discharge loop is formed and quickly blocks by snowslide tube loop, both compensate for MOSFET and has turned on slow asking Topic, can prevent from again occurring stream to burn because of snowslide pipe through-current capability difference;Use overvoltage drive can accelerate MOSFET with The conducting speed of snowslide pipe, reduces the fluctuation of ON time, it is easy to regulates it and synchronizes conducting.The trailing edge of number nanosecond can be used High frequency response characteristic in potentiometer is checked and is demarcated.
Wherein, based on the present invention, load is not limited by generator loop, and resistance is > resitstance voltage divider of 2k Ω, 400pF The underdamping capacitive divider of left and right all can mount, and sends out when loading as (2-10) k Ω or (300-500) pF change The output voltage trailing edge of raw device all can meet < 5ns.
Wherein, generator all uses electronic device, reproducible, little, the compact conformation of fluctuating, easy to carry, is suitable for Test in scene.All components and parts and module are integrated in the can of full-shield, and power supply and measurement cable are by box Port is connected, the output voltage of the regulation DC Module that switches on power during use.
Embodiment
Description of symbols in Fig. 1 is:
V high-voltage DC power supply, RaDC charging resistance, CaStorage capacitor, RdCurrent limliting damping resistance, on I Rise along circuit, II trailing edge circuit, M1Prime MOSFET, M2Rear class MOSFET, T1、T2、T3……Tn— Avalanche transistor, R1、R2、R3……RnEqualizing resistance, R11、R22Damping resistance, A point is that square-wave generator is defeated Going out end, B point is load high-pressure side, and AB section is high-voltage connection.
Description of symbols in Fig. 2 is:
T1Prime MOSFET triggers the moment;T2The prime MOSFET fully on moment;T3Rear class MOSFET Trigger the moment;T4Avalanche transistor triggers the moment;T5The avalanche transistor fully on moment;T6Rear class MOSFET The fully on moment;t12The rising time of square-wave voltage;t23Square-wave voltage pulse width time;t35Rear class MOSFET The actual trailing edge time after in parallel with avalanche transistor;t36If when only using rear class MOSFET during square wave trailing edge Between.
As it is shown in figure 1, one high-voltage square-wave generator idiographic flow of the present invention is as follows:
High-voltage DC power supply V passes through charging resistor RaTo storage capacitor CaCharging, triggers pulse-width regulated module by external trigger Signal is changed into adjustable pulse width square-wave signal, it is achieved the regulation to square wave pulse width controls, by optical couple isolation drive circuit control Prime MOSFET pipe M processed1Conducting, prime MOSFET open formation square wave rising edge.Meanwhile, pulsewidth is triggered Adjustment module is used as square wave trailing edge through the signal that time delay exports and triggers signal, the synchronization control that this signal is constituted through coaxial cable Trigger module processed forms two-way time delayed signal, triggers overvoltage drive circuit respectively, drives trailing edge respectively through isolating transformer The rear class MOSFET pipe M of circuit2With avalanche transistor string T1、T2、T3……Tn, the length of two coaxial cables of regulation Degree difference can realize MOSFET pipe M2With avalanche transistor string T1、T2、T3……TnPriority conducting, and control conducting Time interval, quickly blocks high-voltage square-wave, forms fast trailing edge.Thus generator output end A produce relatively delay rising edge, Wide pulse width, low jitter, low flat-top fall, the square-wave voltage of fast trailing edge.
One high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method of the present invention load output square-wave waveform schematic diagram is as in figure 2 it is shown, T1Moment Synchronization trigger module sends to touch and signals to prime MOSFET, and hereafter output voltage constantly rises;T2Moment prime The fully on output voltage stabilization of switch mosfet;t12For the rising time of square-wave voltage, rising time by The performance of MOSFET itself determines;T3Timing synchronization trigger module signals to rear class MOSFET by touching, the most defeated Go out voltage to begin to decline;t23For square-wave voltage pulse width time, by pulse-width regulated module, pulsewidth can regulate.T4Moment Triggering signal and be delivered to the filp-flop stage of avalanche transistor by certain time delay, voltage reduces to rapidly 0 by avalanche transistor, t35It is the actual trailing edge time.t36Square wave trailing edge time when if dotted line only uses rear class MOSFET.From figure It can be seen that significantly reduce the trailing edge time of output voltage waveforms, actually t after avalanche transistor in parallel36For 30ns Left and right, t34Within 5ns.
Finally should be noted that: above example only in order to illustrate that technical scheme is not intended to limit, although Being described in detail the present invention with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the field are it is understood that still The detailed description of the invention of the present invention can be modified or equivalent, and appointing without departing from spirit and scope of the invention What amendment or equivalent, it all should be contained in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (12)

1. a high-voltage square-wave generator, it is characterised in that described generator includes HVDC source, resistance, energy storage Electric capacity, triggering pulse-width regulated module, rising edge circuit, trailing edge circuit and synchronization trigger module;Described rising edge circuit Including prime MOSFET and optical couple isolation drive circuit;Described trailing edge circuit includes rear class MOSFET and snowslide three Pole pipe string;
Described HVDC source, resistance, storage capacitor, rising edge circuit, triggering pulse-width regulated module, synchronization trigger mode Block and trailing edge circuit are sequentially connected with.
2. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described HVDC source is straight Flow module power supply.
3. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described storage capacitor is high pressure Thin film impulse capacitor.
4. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described triggering pulse-width regulated mould Block includes external trigger circuit and pulse width modulation circuit.
5. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described resistance includes that direct current fills Electricity resistance, equalizing resistance and damping resistance.
6. high-voltage square-wave generator as claimed in claim 1 a kind of, it is characterised in that described rear class MOSFET with Avalanche transistor string forms parallel branch, synchronizes trigger module and sends and trigger touching of rear class MOSFET and avalanche transistor Signaling, two kinds of switches use overvoltage pulse transformer isolation to drive, and realize two by the length of regulation coaxial cable Plant the sequencing of switch conduction, rear class MOSFET turn in advance and control avalanche transistor conducting again.
7. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described generator uses electronics Device, components and parts and module are integrated in the can of full-shield, and power supply is connected by the port on box with measuring cable, Switch on power during use and regulate the output voltage of DC Module.
8. a high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method, it is characterised in that described method includes:
(1) storage capacitor is pre-charged by high-voltage DC power supply;
(2) trigger pulse-width regulated module and external trigger signal is changed into adjustable pulse width square-wave signal;
(3) control optical couple isolation drive circuit and drive the conducting of prime MOSFET, load quick charge is formed rising edge Circuit;
(4) rear class MOSFET driving trailing edge circuit turns on snowslide pipe, quickly blocks output pulse shaping and declines Along circuit.
9. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that described step (4) Turn off including the MOSFET controlling rising edge circuit, be used for preventing to load recharged, and prevent storage capacitor long Time burns snowslide pipe by snowslide tube discharge.
10. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that described step (2) Including the square wave by triggering pulse-width regulated module formation pulsewidth 10-220 μ s, and flat-top drops, and < 0.5%, pulsewidth is more than quilt The response stabilization time of detection potentiometer, square wave rising edge is responded without interference with its response to trailing edge by potentiometer, And after square wave trailing edge output waveform can long-time stable in zero potential, the response to potentiometer is noiseless.
11. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation methods as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that described step (4) Described MOSFET and avalanche transistor series circuit form parallel branch, regulate it and synchronize conducting electric discharge, snowslide tube loop The described MOSFET discharge loop of described step (3) is formed and quickly blocks, be used for preventing because of snowslide pipe through-current capability Differ from and occurred stream to burn.
12. a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator implementation methods as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that described step (4) Not not limiting load including generator loop, resistance is > resitstance voltage divider of 2k Ω, the underdamping electric capacity of 400pF divides Depressor all can mount, and load the output voltage trailing edge of generator when changing for 2-10k Ω or 300-500pF and all may be used Meet < 5ns.
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