CN103670865B - 用于内燃机的起动装置 - Google Patents
用于内燃机的起动装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103670865B CN103670865B CN201310388795.3A CN201310388795A CN103670865B CN 103670865 B CN103670865 B CN 103670865B CN 201310388795 A CN201310388795 A CN 201310388795A CN 103670865 B CN103670865 B CN 103670865B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- starting device
- thermistor
- starter
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003498 tellurium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002274 La1–xSrxMnO3+δ Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007749 high velocity oxygen fuel spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silicide Chemical compound [Mg]=[Si]=[Mg] YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021338 magnesium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
- H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
- H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
- H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/108—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches
- H02K7/1085—Magnetically influenced friction clutches
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
- F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
- F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
- F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
- F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
- F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
- F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
- F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
- H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的起动装置,所述起动装置具有起动小齿轮和用于使起动小齿轮在脱离啮合位置和与内燃机齿圈啮合的位置之间转换的起动继电器。此外,设有用于驱动起动小齿轮的驱动电动机以及开关,该开关在起动继电器运动时被操纵并且接通驱动电动机。所述开关具有带热敏电阻材料的部件,该部件具有降低的电阻。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分所述的用于内燃机的起动装置。
背景技术
在DE 10 2007 036 789 A1中描述了一种用于内燃机的起动装置,起动小齿轮具有起动小齿轮,该起动小齿轮可在脱离啮合位置和被推进的啮合位置之间进行调整,在啮合位置起动小齿轮与内燃机的齿圈啮合。起动小齿轮的轴向推进运动借助于电磁继电器产生,该电磁继电器的衔铁操纵用于接通驱动电动机的开关,该驱动电动机驱动起动小齿轮。
为了对伴随着起动继电器励磁绕组的电阻变化而产生的温度波动进行补偿,在励磁绕组的电流回路中集成了具有负温度系数的热敏电阻元件,该热敏电阻元件在低温下具有高的电阻,而在较高的温度下具有较小的电阻。继电器绕组的随着温度升高的电阻由此可以得到补偿。
由DE 41 22 252 A1以及由DE 41 06 247 C1也已知类似的实施方式。
此外,由现有技术已知,在驱动电动机的电流回路中需集成具有负温度系数的热敏电阻,这例如在GB 2 292 645 A或者US6,570,359 B2中进行了描述。由DE 10 2009 029 226 A1已知热敏电阻材料在起动电动机的开关元件中的应用。对于其他的现有技术还可参照DE 195 09 365 A1和DE 197 34 410 A1.
发明内容
本发明的目的是,通过简单的措施实施用于内燃机的起动装置,使得特别是在低温时车载电路的负荷减轻。
所述目的根据本发明通过权利要求1的特征实现。从属权利要求给出有利的改进方案。
根据本发明的起动装置用于起动内燃机并且具有起动小齿轮和电磁的起动继电器,该起动继电器使起动小齿轮在脱离啮合位置和啮合位置之间转换,在啮合位置起动小齿轮与内燃机的齿圈啮合。为了驱动起动小齿轮设有驱动电动机,该驱动电动机借助于开关接通,其中,所述开关由起动继电器的运动操纵。所述开关具有开关桥,为了接通驱动电动机使所述开关桥与在驱动电动机的电流回路中的两个接触元件接触。一旦开关的开关桥与两个接触元件处于接触,电流回路就闭合并且驱动电动机被起动,由此也使起动小齿轮旋转并起动内燃机。
开关的至少一个部件、即开关桥或接触元件,或者与接触元件连接的导体区段由热敏电阻材料(NTC,负温度系数)制成或者设有热敏电阻材料,例如涂有热敏电阻材料。
热敏电阻材料(NTC,负温度系数)由于负温度系数在冷的状态(特别是在起动阶段开始时存在该状态)下,比在较高温度下具有更高的电阻。因此,热敏电阻材料在起动阶段开始时用作用于限制短接电流的串联电阻,由此防止或至少减轻在车辆车载电网中的电压干扰以及伴随此产生的对其他通过车载电网供电的外围设备的不利影响。也可以避免在驱动电动机的换向装置上的电弧,否则的话会导致换向系统的强烈磨损。
根据本发明的实施方式的热敏电阻材料在室温下具有比较低的在0.5mΩ和50mΩ之间的范围内的电阻。热敏电阻材料原则上可以采用在所述数值范围内的所有值或者在局限的、1mΩ和20mΩ之间的数值范围内的所有值。
与现有技术相比具有低电阻的热敏电阻材料具有以下优点:一方面电阻足够高,以在起动阶段有效地限制短接电流。另一方面,电阻随着增加的升温而降低,从而在工作时在热敏电阻上的功率下降非常小。
热敏电阻材料在起动电动机的电流回路中位于开关的一个或多个部件中,该开关由起动继电器接通或切断。热敏电阻材料或者被实施为开关的一个部件的涂层或者被实施为由热敏电阻材料制成的体积元件,并且或者集成在开关的一个部件中或者与该部件连接。原则上也可行的是,与开关的接触元件连接的导体区段部分地由热敏电阻材料制成。因此,热敏电阻材料直接位于由起动继电器操纵的开关中或者开关上。
例如考虑开关桥的涂层,该开关桥由起动继电器的往复式衔铁操纵并且被压靠到接触元件上,以闭合起动电动机的电流回路。代替由热敏电阻材料制成的涂层,开关桥也可以完全或者部分地由热敏电阻材料制成。
此外可行的是,接触元件至少在与开关桥产生接触的端侧设有热敏电阻涂层,或者在接触元件上设置由热敏电阻材料制成的体积元件或者在接触元件中集成由热敏电阻材料制成的体积元件。原则上,只在接触元件上或接触元件中设置热敏电阻材料已足够;但根据另一实施方式,规定在两个接触元件上设置由热敏电阻材料制成的涂层或体积元件。
考虑金属间的、热电材料,其具有在0.1至10Ω·cm之间的范围内的电阻率和在室温下优选为小于20W/mK、特别是小于10W/mK的热导率,该热电材料例如为赫斯勒化合物(Heusler化合物)和半赫斯勒化合物(Halbheuslerverbindung)、方钴矿、硅化镁、更高价的硅化锰或碲化铋。
作为热敏电阻材料也可考虑氧化材料,其优选地在室温下具有在0.1Ω·cm至10Ω·cm之间的电阻率。氧化材料优选为玻璃陶瓷,例如为含铁的玻璃陶瓷。也可考虑其他的氧化材料,例如还原的TiO2、锂掺杂氧化镍、尖晶石、钙钛矿,例如锰基钙钛矿(La1-XSrxMnO3+δ)、铬基钙钛矿(La1-XCaxCrO3+δ)或者铜基钙钛矿(La1-XSrxCuO2.5-δ)。作为含铁的玻璃或者玻璃陶瓷,例如可以使用16Na2O/10CaO/(74-y)SiO2/yFe2O3或者(60-x)P2O5/(20-x)V2O5/20Fe2O3。
在涂层的情况下,可以通过搪瓷将热敏电阻材料涂覆到开关的部件上。但原则上也可考虑其他的涂层工艺,例如溶胶-凝胶工艺、等离子喷涂(粉末和悬浮液)、高速火焰喷涂(粉末和悬浮液)、粉末喷涂和烧结、丝网印刷和烧结、粘贴喷涂和烧结、浸涂和烧结、物理气相沉积、化学气相沉积、气溶胶沉积等。在开关的部件上的热敏电阻材料优选地具有在0.5mΩ和50mΩ之间的范围内的串联电阻。通过涂层工艺涂覆的层厚优选地在0.1μm至500μm的范围内。
此外可以有利的是,以电阻区的形式将热敏电阻材料设置到开关的部件上,例如开关桥上,其中,电阻区相对于在两个接触元件之间的由开关桥桥接的连接路径只覆盖一个部分区段。优选地,给每个接触元件分配一个由热敏电阻材料制成的电阻区,其中,两个电阻区不相互连接,从而在触头闭合时电流流经每一个电阻区以及位于其间的开关桥区段。在起动过程开始时低温的情况下,在电阻区中的热敏电阻材料中的串联电阻是高的,由此短接电流受到限制。随着电流流动,电阻区变热,使得串联电阻明显降低,并且不妨碍或至少基本上不妨碍电流流动。
根据另一有利的实施方式,起动继电器的衔铁调整开关的运动部分。衔铁的纵轴线和开关的纵轴线同轴延伸,其中,开关有利地刚性地被继电器的衔铁朝接触位置的方向移动。此外,开关优选地被弹簧元件施加力至非接触位置,从而必须克服弹簧元件的力由衔铁将开关向接触位置的方向调整。如果衔铁又回到初始位置,那么开关被弹簧元件从接触位置移到非接触位置。不仅在衔铁和开关之间的固定联接是可行的,而且开关松地贴靠在衔铁的端侧或与衔铁连接的部件上也是可行的。弹簧元件有利地设置在背离衔铁的一侧上,并且支撑在起动继电器壳体的区段上。
附图说明
其他的优点和有利的实施方式由其他权利要求、附图描述和附图中得出。附图中:
图1以示意图示出了用于内燃机的起动装置,其具有用于轴向调整起动小齿轮的起动继电器和用于驱动起动小齿轮的驱动电动机,其中,驱动电动机由一个通过起动继电器的衔铁进行调整的开关接通,
图2示出了起动继电器的剖视图,
图3示出了用于接通驱动电动机的开关,其中,所述开关集成到起动继电器中,
图4示出了看向根据图3的开关的端侧的俯视图。
在附图中,相同的部件用相同的附图标记表示。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的用于起动内燃机的起动装置1具有起动小齿轮2,该起动小齿轮2需与内燃机的齿圈3产生啮合。起动小齿轮2可在轴4上沿轴向可移动地在脱离啮合位置和与齿图3啮合的位置之间移动。轴4由驱动电动机5驱动,起动小齿轮2可轴向移动地支承在轴4上,但与该轴4不可相对旋转地联接。
起动小齿轮2的轴向推进运动借助于起动继电器6实现,该起动继电器被构造为电磁促动器并且在继电器壳体中具有可轴向移动的衔铁7,其中,衔铁7通过接通杆8在运动学上与起动小齿轮2联接。起动继电器6具有线圈,所述线圈通过电流导线9通电,随后衔铁7克服作用在它上的弹簧元件12的力进行调整,并且接通杆8将调整运动传递到起动小齿轮2上。随着切断起动继电器6,衔铁7被弹簧元件12的力调整到初始位置,与此相应地接通杆8也到达回置的位置,该回置的位置允许起动小齿轮2从啮合位置返回到脱离啮合位置。
也考虑起动继电器6的衔铁7的调整运动用来接通和切断驱动电动机5。驱动电动机5通过电流导线10通电,开关11位于电流导线10中,并且集成到起动继电器壳体中。开关11具有开关桥13以及开关轴14,该开关轴与衔铁7同轴地设置并且沿轴向移动地支承在起动继电器壳体中。此外,开关11通过弹簧单元15支承在继电器壳体上。弹簧元件15位于开关11上的背离衔铁7的一侧上。开关桥13由导电性材料制成,以在接触位置实现电流流通。
开关桥13在开关闭合的情况下与驱动电动机5的电流回路中的两个接触元件16接触。在操纵起动继电器6时,衔铁7被调整,其中,衔铁的调整运动通过开关轴14克服弹簧元件15的力被传递到开关桥13上,由此开关桥13从非接触位置调整到接触位置,在接触位置建立与两个接触元件16的接触。随后,电流回路闭合,驱动电动机5被起动。一旦起动继电器6被切断,衔铁7就到达初始位置,由此开关11通过弹簧元件15的力又被打开。
如由根据图2的剖视图可知,起动继电器6在起动继电器壳体17中具有可通电的线圈18,其产生沿轴向调整衔铁7的磁场。开关轴14以沿轴向可移动的方式支承在起动继电器壳体17中并且被弹簧元件15施加力至开关11的可动部分的非接触位置。位于驱动电动机的电流回路中的接触元件16也集成在继电器壳体17中。
在图3和图4中分别以单个视图示出了开关11的可动部分。开关桥13被构造为板形并且横向于开关轴14延伸。弹簧元件15在背离开关轴14的一侧支承在开关桥13上。开关桥13由导电性材料制成,以在接触位置实现电流流通。
在开关桥13的表面上,在于接触位置上与接触元件15相触碰的部位处,分别以由热敏电阻材料制成的涂层的形式涂覆一个电阻区19。热敏电阻材料(NTC,负温度系数)在低温下具有比在较高温度下更高的电阻。
随着接通起动继电器6,衔铁7通过在线圈18中产生的磁场被拉入继电器壳体17中,随后开关轴14由衔铁7或与衔铁7连接的部件克服弹簧元件15的力从非接触位置调整到接触位置,在该接触位置开关桥13上的两个电阻区19触碰贴靠在接触元件16的端面上。在产生接触的时刻流动的短接电流由于在电阻区19中增大的串联电阻而降低。通过电流流通,由热敏电阻材料制成的电阻区19的材料变热,使得电阻下降并确保了经过驱动电动机的很大程度上不受阻碍的电流流通,因此该驱动电动机可输出其希望的用于驱动小齿轮的功率。
电阻区19通过涂层工艺涂覆到开关桥13的表面上。例如考虑氧化材料(如玻璃陶瓷)作为用于电阻区19的热敏电阻材料。涂层通过适合的涂层工艺,例如通过搪瓷实现。
两个电阻区19位于关于弹簧元件15对置的侧面上并且不相互连接。因此,在触头闭合的情况下,电流流通经过电阻区19和开关桥13的位于电阻区19之间的区段。
作为用热敏电阻材料NTC给开关桥13施加涂层的附加或替代,可以在开关11的相对于壳体固定设置的接触元件16中集成由热敏电阻材料制成的体积元件20。体积元件20在接触元件的整个横截面上延伸并且完全集成到接触元件16中,使得电流强制性地流经由热敏电阻材料制成的体积元件20。由此也达到了以下效应:在用于限制接通电流的低温情况下存在较高的串联电阻,在正常工作中存在的升高的温度下热敏电阻材料中的电阻显著下降,使得在热敏电阻材料中只产生很小的功率损失或实际上不产生功率损失。
必要时,只在其中一个接触元件16中集成由热敏电阻材料制成的体积元件12。该体积元件12也可以设置在接触元件16的两个端面中的一个端面上,或者根据另一实施方式设置在与接触元件16连接的导体区段上。
热敏电阻材料不仅在实施为开关桥13上的涂层的实施方式中而且在实施为体积元件20的实施方式中在室温下具有在0.5mΩ和50mΩ之间的范围内的电阻。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于内燃机的起动装置,所述起动装置具有起动小齿轮(2)和用于使起动小齿轮(2)在脱离啮合位置和啮合位置之间转换的起动继电器(6),在啮合位置起动小齿轮(2)与内燃机的齿圈(3)啮合,所述起动装置具有用于驱动起动小齿轮(2)的驱动电动机(5)并且具有开关,该开关在起动继电器(6)运动时被操纵并且接通驱动电动机(5),其中,所述开关(11)具有开关桥(13)和相对于壳体固定设置的两个接触元件(16),并且为了接通驱动电动机(5)需使所述开关桥(13)与所述接触元件(16)接触,其特征在于,所述开关(11)的开关桥(13)和/或所述接触元件(16)中的至少一个由热敏电阻材料制成或设有热敏电阻材料,所述热敏电阻材料在室温下具有在0.5mΩ和50mΩ之间的范围内的电阻,其中,所述热敏电阻材料以涂层的形式存在,该涂层涂覆到所述开关(11)的开关桥(13)上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的起动装置,其特征在于,在两个接触元件(16)中或与两个接触元件(16)相邻地,分别设置一个位于电流流通中的由热敏电阻材料制成的导体区段(19)。
3.按照权利要求1所述的起动装置,其特征在于,所述涂层具有在0.1μm至500μm的范围内的层厚。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的起动装置,其特征在于,所述热敏电阻材料作为搪瓷层通过熔化或者在没有高温处理的情况下作为通过气溶胶沉积产生的层涂覆到所述开关(11)的部件(13)上。
5.按照权利要求1所述的起动装置,其特征在于,所述热敏电阻材料以体积元件(20)的形式存在,该体积元件集成在所述开关(11)的部件(16)中或者与所述开关(11)的部件连接。
6.按照权利要求5所述的起动装置,其特征在于,由热敏电阻材料制成的所述体积元件(20)集成在所述接触元件(16)中。
7.按照权利要求5或6所述的起动装置,其特征在于,由热敏电阻材料制成的所述体积元件(20)连接在接触元件(16)之前和/或连接在所述接触元件之后。
8.按照权利要求5所述的起动装置,其特征在于,由热敏电阻材料制成的所述体积元件(20)设置在起动继电器壳体之外。
9.按照权利要求1所述的起动装置,其特征在于,所述热敏电阻材料是氧化材料。
10.按照权利要求9所述的起动装置,其特征在于,所述氧化材料是玻璃陶瓷、钙钛矿或者尖晶石。
11.按照权利要求1所述的起动装置,其特征在于,所述热敏电阻材料是金属间化合物。
12.按照权利要求11所述的起动装置,其特征在于,所述金属间化合物为赫斯勒化合物和半赫斯勒化合物、方钴矿、硅化物或碲化物。
13.按照权利要求1所述的起动装置,其特征在于,所述起动继电器(6)的衔铁(7)对所述开关(11)进行调整,其中,所述衔铁(7)的纵轴线与所述开关(11)的纵轴线同轴地延伸。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201210215338 DE102012215338A1 (de) | 2012-08-29 | 2012-08-29 | Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102012215338.1 | 2012-08-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103670865A CN103670865A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
CN103670865B true CN103670865B (zh) | 2016-09-07 |
Family
ID=49949785
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310388795.3A Active CN103670865B (zh) | 2012-08-29 | 2013-08-29 | 用于内燃机的起动装置 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN103670865B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102012215338A1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2995030B1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109427454A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | Seg汽车德国有限公司 | 带有具有负温度系数且被设置用于安装到电的结构单元的电路中的电阻元件的结构单元 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015225584A1 (de) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102016215142A1 (de) | 2016-08-15 | 2018-02-15 | Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh | Starteinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
DE102016218148A1 (de) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-22 | Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh | Starteinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
DE102016221673A1 (de) | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-09 | Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh | Starteinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
DE102017201758A1 (de) * | 2017-02-03 | 2018-08-09 | Magna powertrain gmbh & co kg | Verfahren zur Messung einer Ankerlage sowie Kopplungseinrichtung unter Verwendung des Verfahrens |
DE102017215240A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh | NTC-Bauteil zum Einbau in den Stromkreis einer elektrischen Baueinheit |
DE102017215233A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh | NTC-Bauteil zum Einbau in den Stromkreis einer elektrischen Baueinheit |
DE102017215242A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh | NTC-Bauteil zum Einbau in den Stromkreis einer elektrischen Baueinheit |
DE102017215271A1 (de) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh | Relais, insbesondere einer Startvorrichtung, mit einer weiteren elektrischen Baueinheit |
EP3819494A1 (de) | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-12 | SEG Automotive Germany GmbH | Magnetschalter für eine starteinrichtung und startvorrichtung |
DE102019135459A1 (de) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Vorrichtung zur Unterbrechung eines elektrischen Kreises |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1448628A (zh) * | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-15 | 株式会社电装 | 用于启动机的磁性开关 |
DE102007036789A1 (de) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Startvorrichtung mit Temperaturkompensation |
DE102009029226A1 (de) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Startvorrichtung für Verbrennungsmotoren |
DE102010041721A1 (de) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schweissverhinderer bei Hochstromschalter |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT144608B (de) * | 1934-02-12 | 1936-02-10 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Widerstandskörper aus Halbleiterstoffen. |
DE4122252A1 (de) | 1990-07-18 | 1992-01-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Starteinrichtung fuer eine brennkraftmaschine |
DE4106247C1 (en) | 1991-02-28 | 1992-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De | Starter circuit for IC engine - incorporates NTC resistor in parallel with relay to inhibit starting at very low temp. |
GB2292645B (en) | 1995-02-13 | 1996-07-31 | Rolf Hermann Jensen | Electronical impulse starter for single phase motors |
DE19509365C2 (de) | 1995-03-15 | 1997-05-22 | Alfred Dipl Ing Krumpe | Oberwellenfreie Anlaufsteuerung für Drehstromasynchronmotoren |
DE19734410A1 (de) | 1997-08-08 | 1999-02-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Schaltungsanordnung mit einem Schalttransistor |
US6570359B2 (en) | 2000-07-15 | 2003-05-27 | Umakant Dipa Dubhashi | Motor starting circuit |
AU2003206083A1 (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-17 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | A ceramic mixture having negative temperature co-efficient, a thermistor containing the ceramic mixture and a process for prepaing thereof |
DE10317466A1 (de) * | 2003-04-16 | 2004-12-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektromotor |
DE10347119B4 (de) * | 2003-10-10 | 2007-09-20 | Samwer, Konrad, Prof. Dr. | Beschichtungsvorrichtung, Beschichtungsverfahren und beschichtetes Objekt |
-
2012
- 2012-08-29 DE DE201210215338 patent/DE102012215338A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-08-29 FR FR1358280A patent/FR2995030B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-29 CN CN201310388795.3A patent/CN103670865B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1448628A (zh) * | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-15 | 株式会社电装 | 用于启动机的磁性开关 |
DE102007036789A1 (de) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Startvorrichtung mit Temperaturkompensation |
DE102009029226A1 (de) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Startvorrichtung für Verbrennungsmotoren |
DE102010041721A1 (de) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-04-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schweissverhinderer bei Hochstromschalter |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109427454A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | Seg汽车德国有限公司 | 带有具有负温度系数且被设置用于安装到电的结构单元的电路中的电阻元件的结构单元 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102012215338A1 (de) | 2014-03-06 |
CN103670865A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
FR2995030B1 (fr) | 2019-05-31 |
FR2995030A1 (fr) | 2014-03-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103670865B (zh) | 用于内燃机的起动装置 | |
Selvan et al. | Methodological reviews and analyses on the emerging research trends and progresses of thermoelectric generators | |
US5656981A (en) | Magnet switch for starters | |
WO2010058553A1 (ja) | 熱発電素子および熱発電デバイス | |
CN103531704B (zh) | 方钴矿热电单偶元件用电极与封装材料及一步法连接工艺 | |
US7138744B2 (en) | Brush of rotary electric machine | |
CN100408844C (zh) | 发动机的起动器 | |
US9627600B2 (en) | Mg—Si system thermoelectric conversion material, method for producing same, sintered body for thermoelectric conversion, thermoelectric conversion element, and thermoelectric conversion module | |
Van Nong et al. | High performance p-type segmented leg of misfit-layered cobaltite and half-Heusler alloy | |
WO2005036661A1 (ja) | 熱電変換材料接続用導電性ペースト | |
US7249965B2 (en) | Starter | |
JP2014179375A (ja) | 熱電変換素子 | |
CN104976010A (zh) | 发动机起动装置 | |
JP6305335B2 (ja) | 熱電変換材料およびそれを用いた熱電変換モジュール並びに熱電変換材料の製造方法 | |
JP4584034B2 (ja) | 熱電モジュール | |
CN105098051B (zh) | 热电转换模块 | |
US9745941B2 (en) | Tunable starter resistor | |
EP2846035B1 (en) | Solenoid switch and starter | |
WO2018123899A1 (ja) | 熱電変換材料および熱電変換素子 | |
CN100587255C (zh) | 发动机的起动器 | |
US20120118347A1 (en) | Thermoelectric conversion material | |
CN208709642U (zh) | 料理机 | |
JP2008041871A (ja) | 熱電材料、熱電素子及び熱電材料の作製方法 | |
CN201066664Y (zh) | 一种交流接触器触头 | |
CN109314199A (zh) | 包括加热机构的存储模块 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20180131 Address after: Stuttgart, Germany Patentee after: SEG Automotive Germany Co.,Ltd. Address before: Stuttgart, Germany Patentee before: Robert Bosch Ltd. |
|
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |