CN103664560B - 一种制备α-异佛尔酮的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备α-异佛尔酮的方法 Download PDF

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CN103664560B
CN103664560B CN201310622736.8A CN201310622736A CN103664560B CN 103664560 B CN103664560 B CN 103664560B CN 201310622736 A CN201310622736 A CN 201310622736A CN 103664560 B CN103664560 B CN 103664560B
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isophorone
acetone
selectivity
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dimethylbenzene
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CN103664560A (zh
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许鹏飞
张磊
梁立新
胡秀琴
李晓明
毛志红
张义新
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Lanzhou University
Gansu Yinguang Juyin Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种制备α-异佛尔酮的方法,包括丙酮在碱催化下缩合反应得到α-异佛尔酮,其特点在于,所述缩合反应是在水和二甲苯的混合溶剂体系中进行。本发明将丙酮在水和二甲苯的混合溶剂体系中进行缩合反应,反应达到一定时间后,α-异佛尔酮的选择性达到基本稳定,即使继续反应对α-异佛尔酮、异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇的选择性影响也非常小,不需像现有合成方法那样严格控制反应终点,适合工业生产。采用本发明方法丙酮转化率达25~55%,对α-异佛尔酮的选择性65~80%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性0.5~10%。

Description

一种制备α-异佛尔酮的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备α-异佛尔酮的方法。
背景技术
α-异佛尔酮的用途十分广泛,它是塑料、粘合剂、医药、香料、环氧树脂固化剂、油漆涂料的原料。α-异佛尔酮的合成主要是采用液相缩合法,由丙酮用碱催化缩合得到,现有方法主要有以下几种:
1944年,S.A.Ballard报道采用20%NaOH做催化剂,于150℃反应3小时,丙酮转化率为17%,α-异佛尔酮选择性为39%,1946年,Ballard研究了不同催化剂浓度、反应时间和投料速度等条件对丙酮转化率和α-异佛尔酮选择性的影响,得到最优条件为170℃时丙酮在28%KOH水溶液下反应40min,原料转化率21.0%,α-异佛尔酮选择性达到47.7%。
1947年,Royal Dutch Shell公司的Fife报道了用25%NaOH为催化剂,与90%丙酮水溶液在170℃反应37分钟,丙酮转化率为13.6%,α-异佛尔酮选择性51%。
    1955年,法国的S.I.D.A公司在专利中报道了用氢氧化钠的甲醇溶液合成α-异佛尔酮的方法,反应温度控制在180~215℃、连续加入浓度为50%氢氧化钠甲醇溶液,压力25~40bar,反应30分钟,丙酮转化率为39.7%,α-异佛尔酮选择性高达68%。
    1968年,加拿大Shawinigan化学公司的Kohan研究了以碱金属氢氧化物为催化剂,不同反应时间、配比、催化剂浓度对反应结果的影响,在45%KOH水溶液催化下,220℃反应20分钟,丙酮转化率为39.6%时,α-异佛尔酮选择性为55.4%,
    1989年,黄操胜报道了将丙酮、KOH、水在200~210℃反应1.5~2.0小时后降温,蒸馏,当丙酮转化率为50%时,α-异佛尔酮选择性为36~40%。
1999年,李平报道了将一定量的丙酮、水、催化剂于150~300℃、3.0~3.5MPa反应1.5~2.0小时,蒸出未反应丙酮,当丙酮转化率为30~40%时,α-异佛尔酮的选择性为60~70%,丙酮单程转化率为35%左右。
2000年,毛丽秋(湖南师范大学自然科学学报23(3),2000)采用0.7%KOH、75%丙酮水溶液于200℃、2.5MPa反应5小时,丙酮转化率为57.6%,α-异佛尔酮的选择性为70%。
上述反应的历程为:
然而,丙酮缩合为串联反应,随着反应时间会产生双分子缩合产物、三分子缩合产物和多分子缩合产物,α-异佛尔酮为丙酮的三分子缩合产物,采用上述各方法,因反应是在高温高压下进行,产物从反应体系及时分离出来是极为困难的,丙酮极易继续缩合生成多分子缩合产物,使得反应生成的α-异佛尔酮达到选择性峰值时间非常短暂,需及时泄压停止加热以终止反应,以避免大量多分子缩合产物产生,然而快速泄压容易喷料,缓慢泄压又造成时间过长,因此对反应终点的控制要求极严,且不易控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有由丙酮缩合制备α-异佛尔酮时反应多步缩合使终点不易控制的缺点,提供一种反应易控制的制备α-异佛尔酮的方法。
本发明实现上述目的所采用的技术方案如下:
一种制备α-异佛尔酮的方法,包括丙酮在碱催化下缩合反应得到α-异佛尔酮,其特点在于,所述缩合反应是在水和二甲苯的混合溶剂体系中进行。
进一步,所述混合溶剂体系中水与二甲苯的质量比为1:(1~9),优选为1:(1.3~4.5)。
进一步,碱的用量为丙酮质量的0.75~2%。
进一步,所述碱为氢氧化钾或氢氧化铯。
进一步,所述缩合反应的温度为200~220℃,压力为20~51bar,反应2小时以上。
进一步,所述丙酮与水的质量比为(4.5~9):1。
α-异佛尔酮的分离纯化:从反应液中分离出二甲苯相,二甲苯相常压精馏回收丙酮和二甲苯后,再减压精馏得到α-异佛尔酮。
有益效果:本发明将丙酮在水和二甲苯的混合溶剂体系中进行缩合反应,反应达到一定时间后,α-异佛尔酮的选择性达到基本稳定,即使继续反应对α-异佛尔酮、异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇的选择性影响也非常小,基本没有多分子聚合产物,反应更容易控制,不需像现有合成方法那样严格控制反应终点,本发明方法适合于工业生产。采用本发明方法丙酮转化率达25~55%,对α-异佛尔酮的选择性65~80%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性10%以下。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
将450g丙酮、100g去离子水、3.4090g KOH和135g二甲苯依次加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,从室温升到218℃,此时压力48bar,开始计时,反应2.0小时后,温度221℃,压力47.5bar,从反应釜取样口取样,用气相色谱分析,丙酮转化率39.7%,α-异佛尔酮选择性69.61%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性为1.49%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。反应液冷却后,分离水和二甲苯相,二甲苯相常压精馏回收丙酮和二甲苯,再减压精馏分离得α-异佛尔酮,减压精馏真空度0.087MPa,理论塔板数20块。
实施例2
将600g丙酮、133g去离子水、4.5460g KOH和180g二甲苯依次加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,从室温升到218℃,此时压力50bar,开始计时,反应2.0h,温度220℃,压力49bar,取样用气相色谱分析,丙酮转化率45.26%,α-异佛尔酮选择性72.05%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性1.00%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例3
将450g丙酮、100g去离子水、3.4090g KOH、135g丙酮依次加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到217℃,压力48bar,开始计时,反应至2.0小时从反应釜取样口取样,用气相色谱分析,丙酮转化率39.70%,α-异佛尔酮选择性69.61%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性1.49%,反应至2.5小时,此时,温度221℃,压力47bar,从反应釜取样口取样,取样冷凝液用气相色谱仪分析,丙酮转化率47.31%,α-异佛尔酮选择性66.51%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性1.67%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例4
将450g丙酮、100g去离子水、3.4090g KOH、180g二甲苯依次加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到218℃,压力47bar,开始计时,反应3.0小时,停止加热,取样,用气相色谱仪分析,丙酮转化率45.26%,α-异佛尔酮选择性70.78%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性3.03%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例5
将450g丙酮 100g去离子水 3.4090g KOH、225g二甲苯依次加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到218℃,压力46bar,开始计时,反应至2.0小时取样,样品用气相色谱仪分析,丙酮转化率28.93%,α-异佛尔酮选择性75.87%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性3.38%,反应至4.0小时取样,样品用气相色谱仪分析,丙酮转化率49.08%,α-异佛尔酮选择性71.51%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性1.61%,反应至6.0小时停止加热,此时釜内温度220℃,压力46bar,取样,样品冷凝液用气相色谱仪分析,丙酮转化率53.90%,α-异佛尔酮选择性68.30%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性1.37%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例6
将450g丙酮 100g去离子水 3.4090g KOH、360g二甲苯依次加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到218℃,压力44.5bar,开始计时,反应3.0小时取样,样品冷凝液用气相色谱仪分析,丙酮转化率25.12%,α-异佛尔酮选择性77.75%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性6.62%,反应4.0小时取样,样品冷凝液用气相色谱仪分析,丙酮转化率32.11%,α-异佛尔酮选择性73.05%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性6.67%,反应6.0小时停止加热,此时釜内温度220℃,压力44.5bar,取样,样品冷凝液用气相色谱仪分析,丙酮转化率42.18%,α-异佛尔酮选择性72.75%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性5.06%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例7
将450g丙酮、100g去离子水、3.4090g KOH、450g二甲苯加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到218℃,压力44bar,开始计时,反应6.0小时取样,气相色谱分析,丙酮转化率33.10%,α-异佛尔酮选择性76.26%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性6.48%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例8
将450g丙酮 、50g去离子水、3.4090g KOH、450g二甲苯加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到219℃,压力41bar,开始计时,反应6.0小时停止加热并取样,取样液用气相色谱分析,丙酮转化率40.24%,α-异佛尔酮选择性74.09%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性0.65%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例9
将120g丙酮 、13.3g去离子水、1.212g KOH、120g二甲苯加入450ml高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到220℃,压力33ar,开始计时,反应6.0小时停止加热并取样,取样液用气相色谱分析,丙酮转化率45.3%,α-异佛尔酮选择性71.3%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性3.8%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例10
将40g丙酮 、4.44g去离子水、0.80g KOH、40g二甲苯加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到200℃,压力23bar,开始计时,反应6.0小时停止加热并取样,取样液用气相色谱分析,丙酮转化率28.4%,α-异佛尔酮选择性72.2%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性10.00%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
实施例11
将40g丙酮 、4.44g去离子水、0.45g CsOH、40g二甲苯加入高压反应釜,搅拌条件下加热升温,升温到220℃,压力30bar,开始计时,反应6.0小时停止加热并取样,取样液用气相色谱分析,丙酮转化率44.2%,α-异佛尔酮选择性70.8%,异丙叉丙酮和异丙酮醇总选择性3.4%,基本没有四分子聚合产物。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种制备α-异佛尔酮的方法,包括丙酮在碱催化下缩合反应得到α-异佛尔酮,其特征在于,所述缩合反应是在水和二甲苯的混合溶剂体系中进行;
所述缩合反应的温度为200~220℃,压力为20~51bar,反应2小时以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述制备α-异佛尔酮的方法,其特征在于,所述混合溶剂体系中水与二甲苯的质量比为1:(1~9)。
3.根据权利要求1所述制备α-异佛尔酮的方法,其特征在于,碱的用量为丙酮质量的0.75~2%。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述制备α-异佛尔酮的方法,其特征在于,所述碱为氢氧化钾或氢氧化铯。
5.根据权利要求1所述制备α-异佛尔酮的方法,其特征在于,所述丙酮与水的质量比为(4.5~9):1。
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