CN1036382C - 生产条片状食品的食品包装设备和方法 - Google Patents

生产条片状食品的食品包装设备和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1036382C
CN1036382C CN92114637A CN92114637A CN1036382C CN 1036382 C CN1036382 C CN 1036382C CN 92114637 A CN92114637 A CN 92114637A CN 92114637 A CN92114637 A CN 92114637A CN 1036382 C CN1036382 C CN 1036382C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
food
wedge
tubular film
call wire
sealing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN92114637A
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English (en)
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CN1079193A (zh
Inventor
V·A·梅利
D·L·沙大特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schreiber Foods Inc
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Schreiber Foods Inc
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Application filed by Schreiber Foods Inc filed Critical Schreiber Foods Inc
Publication of CN1079193A publication Critical patent/CN1079193A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
    • B65B51/30—Devices, e.g. jaws, for applying pressure and heat, e.g. for subdividing filled tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B29C65/305—Electrical means involving the use of cartridge heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0244—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B29C66/83513—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums cooperating jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums and moving in a closed path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
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    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
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    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种生产条片状食品包装件的设备和方法。所述的包装件具有热密封区。首先将热塑性条片状包装材料制成具有纵向热密封区的管状结构。为形成管状结构提供相应的装置。所述的装置将连续的热塑性带状包装材料折叠成管状薄膜，并且沿着已折叠的带状材料的纵向连续形成热密封区，然后将由软的糊状物构成的被包装食品送入管状薄膜，并且将管状薄膜整平，使其形成带状薄膜管。设置形成横向热密封区的装置，所述横向热密封区与带状物的运行方向即纵向基本上成横向装置。

Description

生产条片状食品的食品包装设备和方法
本发明涉及包装食品的设备和方法，特别是包装和码放具有热粘合的单个片状食品的生产方法和设备。
为了生产和包装单个的条片状食品，例如乳酪，提出和使用了多种方法和设备。虽然有许多设备和方法适于包装单个的片状食品，但是它们是有缺点的。
Serial于1991年11月12日递交的美国专利申请07/791.490公开了一种独特的设备和方法，上述公开的内容在本文中作为背景技术予以参考。在Serial的07/791.490号专利文件中，由连续的薄膜或热塑性片状材料包装单个的片状食品。首先将片状材料折叠成V形，在此所述的V形轮廓意味着沿包装材料的纵向进行折叠，以致使包装件的前、后面形状一致。通过折叠包装件前面的包装层和后面的包装层底部连接，以致包装件在横截面大致成字母“V”形。采用典型的方法折叠片状包装材料，使后面的包装材料层的前面的包装材料层长，在后层材料上形成折片部分，该折片部分一直延伸超出前片的顶部边缘。采用典型方法将折片折叠到前层材料上形成管状薄膜。
这个例子的目的是当需要包装食品时，按下述内容加工乳酪。在本发明范围内，还可以满意地包装其它产品。将被包装食品，例如经过加工的乳酪，送入管状薄膜，然后，将片状材料和乳酪整平，接着以预定间隔沿着与管状薄膜的纵向成横向的位置形成横向密封，于是构成连接在一起的片状物。在管状薄膜中形成横向密封后，沿着横向密封处进行切割，从而生产出单个的经过包装的条片状乳酪。
现有多种加工出横向密封区的方法。其中采用普遍的方法是在予定位置向经过整平的带状物施加压力，在所述的带状物中填充热乳酪，由此形成横向密封，施加的压力使得带状物的横向密封区内遗留很薄的一层乳酪，这层很薄的乳酪起粘连剂作用，将两层片状薄膜粘接在一起，形成这种所谓的“乳酪密封”后，在密封区域切割带状物，最后形成单个的片状乳酪。
虽然“乳酪密封”能够为单个的片状乳酪提供足够的密封，但是在包装之后，乳酪产品的贮存寿命不能达到所要求的期限。这是因为乳酪密封是非常弱的密封，最终这种密封将被毁坏。在普通大气条件下，空气将通过密封进入片食品包装袋内，于是条状食品，特别是邻近“乳酪密封区”的片状食品的边缘不久即干燥或者变质。
还有另一种已经公开的密封方法，例如Bussell的美国专利US-4,586,317，其中公开的内容在本文中作为背景技术予以参考。此专利公开了一种在包装材料上形成密封区的设备(例如加工乳酪)所述的设备使用的密封元件表面具有有限数量的小通道。包装薄膜是共挤膜或复合薄膜，其包括可以在相当低的温度下就熔化的内层密封塑料薄膜和在密封条件下不熔化的外层薄膜。用密封元件沿横向加热和挤压管状薄膜，由此将包装薄膜的内层密封在一起。这种密封方法也在Davision等人的国际专利WO-91/02461中公开的技术方案中得到使用。其中公开的内容在本文中作为背景技术予以参考。尽管在这一专利中公开的设备和方法提供了适当的横向密封区，然而形成的最终产品同样存在着上面所述的缺陷。因为通过将所折叠片状材料为V形轮廓，并且具有折片，形成纵向密封，所述的折片与片状材料前面的顶层表面相重叠，形成劣质密封。于是空气和其它气体成份将进入经过包装的乳酪块中，从而减少这种包装产品的贮存寿命。
另一种可以使用的密封设备由Kustner.Lndustries S.A.出售。在Kustner的设备中具有两对相对设置的旋转滚筒，在至少一个相对的滚筒中安装有可加热的楔状物。使装有热乳酪的经过整平的管状薄膜移动通过其中的一对相对的滚筒，由相对滚筒上可加热楔形物向管状薄膜施加压力，形成密封区。在管状薄膜通过相对滚筒位置处，加热的楔形物对准密封区，然后将管状薄膜输送到另一对具有可加热楔形物的滚筒，再次对管状薄膜施加压力，以致在受压区域形成密封。可以注意到，在Kustuer的设备中，当楔形物与密封区接触时，才加热密封区，密封区在楔形物上驻留的持续时间大约为0.01秒。
Serial的美国专利申请07/791.490公开了一种解决已有技术存在问题的方案。其公开内容在本文中作为背景技术予以参考。在Serial07/791.490专利文献中为生产单个的块状乳酪提供了一种全面气密的包装件。为了达到这一要求，沿着带状物纵向边缘和横向边缘形成气密性密封。气密性密封包装件有许多优点，例如，气密包装的块状食品可以置于冷冻机和无菌环境中。而且气密包装的块状食品基本上是无菌包装件。
尽管使用气密性密封包装条块状食品具有许多优点，本发明还具有其它优点。例如气密包装的片状食品包装件比用其它方法密封的包装件难于开启，而且并非总是需要气密封包装件。
因此综上所述，本发明的目的是提供一种设备和方法，生产单个的条片状食品包装件，例如经过加工的乳酪，其可以避免“乳酪密封”造成的缺陷，并且提供另一种气密性包装件。换句话说，用本发明生产的片状密封包装件具有“乳酪密封”(即易于开启和低价格)和气密性密封(即具有强粘合力和长保存期)所具有的优良属性。
本发明另一目的是提供一种设备和方法，以便沿着折叠包装材料表面连续、有效地形成纵向热密封区。
本发明另一目的是提供一种设备，其可以用低廉的价格形成热密封，即通过采用现有包装机，例如热填充机，以及经过改进的挤压/密封装置生产出热密封包装件，该包装件的质量优于“乳酪密封”包装件。
按照本发明，为了达到上述和其它有关目的，提供一种设备和方法以便采用热密封方法生产条片状食品包装件。在热塑性包装材料层之间形成可靠的密封，但是其不属于形成气密性密封。因此这种密封称为“粘性密封”为了使片状包装件具有上述这种“粘性密封”，首先将热塑性片状材料成型为具有纵向密封的管状薄膜。然后将制成的软糊状食品如乳酪，送入管状薄膜，接着将管状薄膜整平，形成连续的带状物。在带状物冷却区的位置处设有形成横向热密封区的装置，所述的横向热封区与带状物运行的方向，即带状物的纵向，基本上成横向设置。形成横向热封的装置包括：记录装置、该记录装置向带状物施加压力，形成记录线，从而产生确定的片状食品；加热装置、该加热装置从记录装置接收定形的片状物，并且以确定的温度，持续予定的时间加热片状物和记录线，密封装置，该密封装置从加热装置接收片状物，并且向被加热的记录线施加压力，从而在记录线形成粘性热封。本发明的其它目的，优点和新的特征将在下面进一步描述。对于本领域的技术人员来说，通过以下内容，或者通过对于本发明的实践，可以充分理介本发明具有的那些目的、优点和特征，通过本发明权利要求书，可以非常清楚地了介本发明所能达到的目的和所能取得的优点。
图1是本发明的一个实施例示意图；
图2是图1所示实施例的挤压/密封装置的俯视图；
图3是图1所示实例的挤压/密封装置的正视图；
图4是图1所示实例中与加热装置相连的夹具侧视图；
图5是图1所示实例加热装置的俯视图；
图6是图1所示实例挤压/密封装置正视图；
图7是图1所示实例驱动装置的俯视图；
图8是图1所示实例的驱动装置的后视图；
图9是图1所示实例纵向密封装置侧视图；
图10是图1所示实例纵向密封装置俯视图；
图11是片状物的整平装置的实施例的示意图；
图12是片状物的整平装置的第二实例示意图；
应当说明的是在各附图中相同的元件由相同的代号标注。参照图1其描绘了本发明的设备和方法一个最佳实例，其中包括记录，加热和密封装置或工位。
首先用乳酪加工机10以公知方法生产出乳酪，然后采用已知方法将生产出的乳酪从乳酪加工机10输送到管状物填充设备12，由填充设备12将制成的乳酪送入用热塑性材料，最好是聚丙烯，制造的管状薄膜中。
更详细地说热塑性材料的管状薄膜由连续的热塑性塑料薄膜或片材形成。由供给装置14提供连续的热塑性材料。供给装置14是公知的，而且将连续的薄膜折叠成管状轮廓21。其中薄膜的第一纵向边缘与薄膜的第二纵向边缘重叠，如图10所示。可以采用公知方法将折片部分折叠到薄膜的前面。在热塑性材料的薄膜被折叠或部分重叠管状状态之后，在纵向密封工位16形成纵向密封边(下面将详细地进行描述)。如图10所示形成的密封处离开第一纵向边缘的端部一定距离，因此形成折边部分。在典型实例中，密封处于距离第一纵向边缘的端部大约38.1毫米处在纵向密封工位16形成纵向密封后，被加热的乳酪籍助于填充管12送入管状薄膜内，然后，薄膜和乳酪通过整平工位18(下面将详细描绘)，在整平工位18具有乳酪的管状落膜被整平，并且形成连续的片状包裹的长乳酪块。
在薄膜被整平和形成长乳酪块之后，接着通过冷却工位20。薄膜表面在冷却工位20冷却。在一个优选的实施例中，冷却装置20包括容纳冷却液(例如自来水或冷却水)的桶或容器22。冷却液使薄膜得到充分冷却和润滑。在这个实例中冷却装置20包括两对辊轮24，以致薄膜和乳酪以曲折运动的方式通过冷却桶，最好构成的冷却装置20可以使具有乳酪的薄膜用大约60秒钟通过冷却水，水温大约为2.22℃。这将使从填充管出来的乳酪的温度下降，在初始状态下，乳酪的温度在71.11℃和85.0℃ F之间(一般在82.22℃，但是希望温度低到54.44℃)，并且在冷却装置20的出口端使乳酪冷却到10～15.56℃左右。冷却装置也可以包括刮板输送机26和/或空气鼓风机28，以便当薄膜从冷却装置20排出时，使薄膜干燥。显而易见，专业人员知道也可以采用其它适合的冷却装置。
离开冷却装置20后，具有乳酪的薄膜通过刮板输送机26和空气鼓气机28，随后薄膜将被送往挤压/密封装置30，通过该装置形成横向热密封。在空气鼓风机28的后面设有横向热应力计量器32，用该计量器32探测薄膜的张力。通过检测得到的张力值调整薄膜的运行速度，以便避免在薄膜中产生不必要的松弛。离开应力计量器32之后，薄膜通过空气干燥机34进一步干燥。在空气干燥机34中向薄膜喷射压缩空气。通过干燥机34后，薄膜进入挤压/密封装置30。挤压/密压装置30包括记录装置36，加热装置38和密封装置40，下面将更详细地描述这三个装置。
由挤压/密封装置30形成与薄膜运行方向或纵向成横向的热密封。由此形成包括多个乳酪块的薄膜，并且具有热密封部分。
在进行横向密封以前冷却薄膜比其它已经采用的系统更有特殊的优点。在以前的方法中，薄膜是在形成横向密封之后再冷却的。采用这种方法的结果导致薄膜收缩，并且使乳酪块的尺寸不一致。于是当切割或堆放单个的乳酪块时，采用以前的方法将产生计量问题。与之相反，本发明在形成横向密封之前冷却薄膜，采用这种预先冷却步骤，当切割或堆垛单个乳酪块时，可以在相当大程度上避免薄膜产生收缩，并且大大有利于计量。
形成横向密封之后，将薄膜送入切割装置/工位42进行分割，以便于堆放单个的乳酪块。在切割工位42具有沿薄膜的横向密封处进行切割的装置，以便生产出单个包装好的乳酪块。最好将单个包裹好的乳酪块输送到堆垛装置44，该装置将来自切割装置42的乳酪块堆放成多个物垛。
纵向密封工位。
在纵向密封工位16的最佳实施例中提供了新颖的，优良的装置和方法，其可以在薄膜上产生纵向热密封，而不使薄膜以间歇运行的方式产生停顿。如图9和10所示，纵向密封装置16包括固定板46和固定的加热块48。最好固定板46呈矩形形状，并且位于局部重叠的呈筒状轮廓的薄膜内侧。最好，加热块48具有矩形密封边49，其与固定板46相对。密封边49的厚度大约为3.175毫米。
在最佳实例中，固定板46和加热块48相互按照一定角度设置。入口间隙51最接近于填充的管状薄膜12，固定板46和加热块48之间的间隙从入口间隙51处，沿管状薄膜12逐渐减小。当采用聚丙烯作为片状材料时，最好入口间隙51的宽度大约为0.793毫米。在固定板46和加热块48之间的间隙一直减小到位于固定板46和加热块48之间的片材与它们的端部相互接触的程度。由固定板46和加热块48形成的倾斜间隙的形状可以使片材的重叠部分靠在固定板46上的支承区域，所述支承区域位于入口间隙51处至薄膜运行下游方的相互接触区域处。在接触区域重叠的片材部分与固定板46和加热块48紧密接触。在典型实例中，当生产速度大约在300～700块/分时，楔形固定板的垂直高度大约为177.8毫米。对于更高的生产速度，可以增加固定板的垂直高度，以便增加薄膜在固定板上的留驻时间。例如，可以看到对于某些生产速度，采用的加热块的垂直高度大约为254毫米，其中支承区域的垂直高度大约为177.8毫米，接触区域的垂直高度大于76.2毫米。
支承区域和接触区域的垂直高度取决于下列因素，即机器的运行速度和用于包裹乳酪块的薄膜类型。向加热块48提供热量，使加热块的温度上升到足够高。当薄膜从固定板46和加热块48之间通过时，在薄膜上形成纵向热密封。也可以注意到，对于更高的生产速度，设置的固定板46和加热块48可以使片材靠在固定板的整个长度范围内。而且在加热块48的底端接触区域大约为152.4～203.2毫米长。
热量可以由任何适当的加热装置提供，例如电加热器，其可以沿纵向插入加热块48中的孔内。可以采用的一种合适的加热器是由Fenwall公司出售的牌号为28232103-305的产品。加热块48被加热到足够高的温度，以便在两层片材之间形成热密封。例如，当采用聚丙烯作为片状材料时，可以将加热块48加热到大约140.56℃；或者当采用Mylar(一种聚酯产品)薄膜时，温度大约为176.67℃。可以知道，加热块48的温度取决于薄膜留驻在加热块48上的时间，即适当的温度依赖于薄膜运动的快慢。
形成纵向密封并且构成管状薄膜后，管状薄膜向下延伸，从而构成填充的管状薄膜12的退出端。
在优选的实例中，在整平工位18之前设有气泡控制机构(未图示)。气泡控制机构的功能是确定送入管状薄膜中的乳酪数量。采用这种方法可以根据薄膜的运行速度和所需乳酪块的厚度和重量适当控制乳酪的流量。乳酪被送入管状薄膜后，将管状薄膜送到整平工位18。整平工位的整平装置18包括第一组并列辊轮50，第二组并列辊轮52和一对相对的皮带(未图示)。设置的各条皮带环绕一组辊轮50和52。当装有乳酪的薄膜在两条皮带之间通过时乳酪被整平。从而形成带状物，其中包括热塑性管状薄膜和连续的乳酪块。在整平工位18设有装置，以便调整皮带之间的距离，控制由管状热塑性薄膜和乳酪构成的带状物的厚度。最好当带状物位于皮带之间时，向皮带施加一定的作用力，以便保证皮带稳定地向带状物施加压力；或者当皮带之间没有带状物时，皮带之间相互保持固定的距离。
如上所述，将片材成型为具有纵向密封的管状部分。最好沿着片材的前面进行密封，以便在片材的前面产生折片部分。
形成纵向密封之后，如上所述使薄膜通过冷却装置/工位20，然后使折片折向薄膜。在薄膜到达挤压/密封装置/工位30之前，采用公知的方法折叠折片，最好采用公知的方法，在挤压/密封工位30将折片局部焊接到薄膜前面的横向密封部分。
预压装置。
为了提高乳酪块厚度的一致性(大约为3.175～4.673毫米)，最好在带状物进入挤压/密封装置30之前，采用预压装置142对其进行预压。在图11所示的一个实例中，预压装置142包括两个柱形轮144，其直径和记录辊62的直径基本相同。与记录辊62采用的矩形楔状物不同，各个柱形轮144使用圆滑的楔形挤压出乳酪块。这种圆滑的楔形物用硅橡胶或氨基甲酸乙酯制造。在每个柱形轮144上设有四个相互等距离的圆滑楔形物。因此，在相对的柱形轮上的楔形物与带状物中的相应位置相互对准，在这些位置上，由记录装置36形成记录线。当在相对的楔柱形轮上的圆滑楔形物146对准时，它们相互产生挤压，以致当乳酪的带状物在柱形轮144之间通过时，带状物将受到挤压。在挤压带状物的过程中，对准的圆滑楔形物146的前端148将部分乳酪挤出记录线区域，使挤出的乳酪进入前面的乳酪块区域，而楔形物的后端150将部分乳酪挤入后面的乳酪块区域，于是基本上消除了产生碰撞的可能性。
在典型的实例中，圆滑的楔形物146定位于柱形轮V形部分，如图11所示。在不产生挤压状况下，具有相对的楔形物146的柱形轮144的直径大约为129.54毫米。在圆滑的楔形物146进行挤压过程中，柱形轮144中心距大约为124.46毫米。在各V形部分152安置两块板作为支持杆154，用硅橡胶或氨基甲酸乙酯作为外壳包裹支撑杆154的外表面，从而构成圆滑的楔形物146。各柱形轮144直径大约101.6毫米。其中包括支撑杆154，而不包括楔形物146。壳156靠壁158和第二支撑杆160固定。最好柱形轮144与记录辊162相组合，用公知的方法通过链轮和传动带将记录辊62和至少一个挤压乳酪块的柱形轮144连接起来。
在图12所示另一个实例中，采用两条回转带162，其包括平滑楔形物166，采用与图1所述实例相同，让相对楔形物166相互对准。例如可以采用氨基甲酸乙酯或橡胶类材料制造楔形物166。楔形物166厚度大约为所需乳酪块厚度的二分之一。回转带162由轮164驱动。最好轮164与记录辊62相组合，用公知的方法通过链轮和传动带将记录辊62和至少一个轮164连接起来。
挤压/密封工位。
参照图1～3，其公开了挤压/密封装置30的最佳实例。挤压/密封装置30包括记录装置36，加热装置38和密封装置40。上述各装置36、38和40具有多个相对的颚板或楔形物56、58和60，它们分别安装在各自装置上。对于设置的记录装置36和加热装置38来说，当带状物在记录装置36的楔形物56和与之啮合的加热装置38和楔形物58之间通过时，片状薄膜的顶层和底层受挤压，在多个横向密封区薄膜相互紧密接触，与此同时带状物和所需要的横向密封部分连续向前运动。当楔形物56和58相互啮合时，其产生足够的压力从而将带状物中与楔形物相接触区域内的乳酪全部挤出。于是带状物两侧的薄膜与楔形物56和58相啮合区域互相接触。用已公知的方法将加热装置38的楔形物58加热到密封温度。例如加热装置38中的楔形物58由嵌入各楔形物中的电加热器加热。可以使用的合适的电加热器是Watlow公司出品的牌号G3P8-10电加热器。在各楔形物58中的电加热器可以共同连接一个电源。最好加热器的功率为100瓦，也可以高达150瓦。这种加热器可以产生的温度调节范围大约在室温至232.22℃，楔形物58可以用任何适当的材料制造，例如不锈钢。
最好记录装置36的啮合的楔形物56用比楔形物58更软的材料制造。例如楔形物56可用金属材料制成，如铝，在铝表面设有弹性材料如氨基甲酸乙酯。当使用氨基甲酸乙酯时，最好其硬度值为60。
设置传动装置驱动两相对的楔形物56和58，以便当乳酪的带状物从记录装置36和加热装置38之间通过时，楔形物与带状物啮合。如附图所示，在优选的实施例中，采用圆柱形记录器和加热器作为楔形物56和58的传动装置，记录器和加热器的轴线相互平行。在典型的实施例中，记录辊62的节径大约124.46～124.71毫米，并目包括楔形物56。最好具有四个相互间距相等的楔形物56，并且定位于记录辊62的圆周表面。最好各个楔形物56的环形厚度大约为6.35毫米，其长度大约为101.6毫米。
由驱动机构使记录辊62和加热滚筒64围绕其各自的轴线转动，下面将详细描述所述的驱动机构。设置楔形物56和58的位置，使得记录辊和加热滚筒上相应的楔形物56和58同时转动，沿着图2和3所示的虚线A相互对准。于是，当带状物从记录装置和加热装置36和38之间通过时，楔形物56和58将间歇地相互对准，带状物位于对准的楔形物之间。楔形物56和58相互对准的时间大约持续0.01秒，记录辊62的转速大约为70转/分。当楔形物56和58对准时，它们大约被压缩0.889毫米。一旦对准，即产生压力并且加热，因此沿着带状物的记录线产生热密封。
形成具有记录线的乳酪块之后，乳酪块放入或占据加热滚筒64中两相邻的楔形物58之间的空间，记录线位于楔形物58上。在一个典型的实施例中，加热滚筒64以大约60转/分的角速度回转。记录线位于加热楔形物上大约持续1/2秒。最好，在带状物的运行速度大约为700块/分时，持续时间为0.43秒。这完全不同于前面所述的现有设备，在现有技术中持续时间短，仅为0.01秒。当记录线位于楔形物58的表面上时，即在持续时间内，记录线被加热。由加热滚筒64间歇地向记录线提供热量，为乳酪块或片状材料做好准备，以便沿着记录线形成横向热密封。专业人员知道，所需要的温度变化取决于带状物停留在楔形物58上和停留在楔形物表面之间的持续时间。
乳酪块随着加热滚筒64旋转180°，直到其进入密封工位40。在此，由楔形物48和60沿记录线第二次施加压力，从而形成热密封。因为片状材料在加热滚筒的楔形物58上留驻了一段时间，再施加压力就使得由楔形物58和60形成的热密封比楔形物56和58形成的热密封更牢固。
最好，密封工位40包括密封辊66，该密封辊66在构造上与记录辊62相同。记录器、加热滚筒和密封辊的轴线相互平行，并且垂直于线A。由驱动机构使密封辊66和加热滚筒64分别围绕各自的轴线回转。关于驱动机构将在后面进行讨论。确定楔形物58和60的位置，使密封辊和加热滚筒上相应的楔形物58和60同时转动，并且让楔形物58和60沿线A互相对准。于是，当带状物在加热滚筒38和密封装置40之间通过时，楔形物58和60间歇地相互对准，带状物位于对准的楔形物之间。楔形物58和60相互对准的持续时间大约为0.01秒，密封辊66的转速大约为70转/分。当楔形物58和60对准时，它们被压缩大约0.889毫米。一旦对准，即产生压力，提供热量，形成热密封，使乳酪离开密封区域的两侧。由于记录线在楔形物上留驻一段时间，同时被加热，片状材料局部熔化，于是形成良好的密封区域，并且比已有技术的系统更好。在已有技术中，仅仅在相对的楔形物接触期间提供热量。于是，乳酪块被限制在两个相邻的热密封区域之间。
最好，对于形成的密封区域来说，当密封区域形成之后，沿密封边拉开此包装件时，密封边将产生破坏。这些破坏处与形成的密封区域相对应，密封区域由于分层产生破坏，即在片状材料的顶部非密封层和内层或者密封层之间的结合力被破坏。通过适当选择热塑性材料可以获得较理想的包装构造。例如，用于加工乳酪的一种较好的材料，乳酪内可以有或者没有防腐剂，这种材料包括与聚丙烯层共挤成形的具有中间粘合剂层的乙烯－醋酸乙烯和聚乙烯的密封胶层。
与聚丙烯层共挤成型的具有中间粘合剂层的乙烯－醋酸乙烯和聚乙烯的密封胶层这种薄膜是用于包装乳酪的优良材料。根据本发明可以采用其他材料包装乳酪。如上所述，由共挤成型的多层材料可以制造出若干种包装材料。这种包装材料也可以包括具有密封胶层的Mylar薄膜，或者是与聚丙烯层共挤成型的，具有中间热活化粘合剂层的阻氧层薄膜。阻氧层，例如EVOH，萨冉树脂等，可以用于包装不加食品防腐剂的肉和食品。
另一组可以考虑的包装材料包括用现有技术中已知的方法制成的多层复合薄膜。这些材料包括：1)聚酯层与热活化密封胶层的复合薄膜；2)金属化的聚酯层与热活化密封胶层的复合薄膜；3)尼纶层与热活化密封胶层的复合薄膜；4)玻璃纸层与热活化密封胶层的复合薄膜；5)聚碳酸盐层与热活化密封胶层的复合薄膜；6)丙烯腈层与热活化密封胶层的复合薄膜。
虽然上述两组材料可以用于包装乳酪，它们也可以被用于包装许多其他食品，例如：1)经过加工的具有或没有防腐剂的乳酪；2)乳酪混合物；3)馅饼点心；4)乳酪和肉的混合物； 5)乳酪、肉和调味品的混合物；6)蛋黄酱；7)花生奶油；8)番茄沙司；9)巴比克沙司；10)乳酪和鸡蛋。也可以采用与丙烯层共挤成型的，具有中间粘合剂层的聚乙烯密封胶层的薄膜包装上表列出的10种食品。
当聚丙烯作为片状材料时，密封温度(被加热的楔形物58将达到的温度)最好在121.11～160℃，其依赖于片材运行的速度。在另一个实例中，当Mylar薄膜作为片状材料时，密封温度大约在176.67～232.22℃。在相对的记录装置36和加热装置38上的楔形物之间施加的压力应该足以使两层薄膜保持紧密接触，以便在横向密封区域的两层热塑性片状材料之间的全部乳酪被挤出。于是乳酪完全占据由热密封片材限定的薄膜内的空间体积。
最好在楔形物58上的横向密封区域是使相邻的乳酪块之间的横向热密封区的宽度大约为12.7毫米。楔形物58相间隔的距离沿中心测量为：从一块乳酪的前端到另一块乳酪的前端(包括横向密封区域)大约为96.838毫米。
这种技术方案可以满足高速生产单一的乳酪块。因为加热的楔形物58和记录装置的楔形物56和密封装置的楔形物60随带状物的横向密封区运动持续一定时间，带状物可以以相当块的节奏连续运动，从而提高生产率。例如带状物的运动速度大约为60.96米/分，或者生产量大约为150～700块/分。因为需要考虑片材在加热的楔形物58上留驻予定时间，以便为乳酪块形成良好的密封区。
加热工位。
如图2、5和7所示，加热滚筒6 4被安装在旋转轴68上。旋转轴68由轴承座70定位。旋转轴68由加热滚筒64处延伸，穿过轴承座70一直延伸到轴承座70的后侧，在此将皮带轮72安装到旋转轴68上。在皮带轮72上装有传动带74。轴68上还有可调整的套式轮毂76，其可以调整加热轴68和滚筒64的轴向位置。如图7和8所示，传动带74使加热轴68和滚筒64旋转。
如上所述最好在加热滚筒64的圆周表面安装十个楔形物58。各楔形物58都具有加热块78。如图4所示，通过公知的机械装置，例如螺栓和螺钉，将加热块78固定到加热滚筒上。各楔形物58都具有嵌入加热块78中的电棒加热器。以便为楔形物58提供热量。其中一个楔形物58中还装有温度传感器80，该温度传感器80位于加热块78的隧洞82内。温度传感器80由弹簧84和与之接触的垫片86定位。由档圈88将整个传感系统密封在加热块内。最好在温度传感器80和电线上涂敷大量的商品名称为Dow Corning“Compound 7”的，可以导热的硅有机油脂，可以予先将这些油酯送入加热块78内。
为了控制质量和获得均匀一致的横向密封区，在其中一个加热楔形物58中具有中央温度控制器，该控制器由微处理控制机，以便控制和调解电源供给各单独的楔形物58的电流量。由温度控制器调解所有楔形物58的温度。在另一个实施例中，采用单独的恒温器控制各单独的楔形物的温度。在实施例中，各楔形物5 8的温度可以单独控制调解。
记录和密封工位
如图2所示，记录辊62被安装到旋转轴90上。旋转轴90定位于轴承座92中。旋转轴90从记录辊62处延伸，穿过轴承座92，一直延伸到轴承座92的后侧，在此将皮带轮94安装到轴90上。在皮带轮94上装有传动带96。在轴90上还有可调整的套式轮毂98，其可以调整记录辊和轴的轴向位置。如图2所示，传动带96驱动轴90和记录辊62转动。
最好在记录辊62的圆周表面上安装四个楔形物56。采用公知的机械装置，例如螺栓和螺钉将各楔形物56固定到记录辊62上。因为记录辊和密封辊结构相同，可以将所述的记录装置36的最佳实例应用于密封装置40。密封辊66安装在旋转轴100上。采用与记录轴90相同的方式，将旋转轴100支承到轴承座102上。将皮带轮104安装到旋转轴100上，以便由传动带106提供旋转运动。轴100的轴向位置由可调整的套式轮毂108调整。
为了使记录辊，加热滚筒和密封辊共同运转，如图6～8所示，在所述设备的后部设置了皮带轮，传动带和电动机传动系统。由密封辊66开始，密封辊和旋转轴100的后端装有皮带轮104和位于皮带轮104内侧，具有齿的轮110。传动带106与皮带轮104、张紧轮112和驱动轮114相啮合。驱动轮114安装在一根传动轴上，在这根轴上还装有位于驱动轮114内侧的皮带轮116。这根传动轴由传动带118驱动，所述传动带118装在第二个位于内侧皮带轮120上，而皮带轮122由电动机124驱动。最好电动机124是公知的184TC Nema C-Face5马力交流电动机。电动机的转速为1525转/分。将此转换成生产率大约为600块/分。最好电动机124与10：1减速机126相连接，减速机126直接去与电动机轴相连接。
在驱动皮带轮122的传动轴上装有另一个皮带轮128。在皮带轮128上装有带齿的同步传动带24。皮带轮72安装在加热滚筒64的轴68上。同步齿形带74与皮带轮128，张紧轮132和皮带轮72相啮合。因此皮带轮128的回转导致加热滚筒64回转。
采用已有技术已知方式由传动带与密封装置的皮带轮相啮合，并且由记录装置上的皮带轮驱动密封装置上的皮带轮，使密封辊66产生同步回转。
切割和堆垛装置
形成横向热密封之后，片状物被输送到切割工位42和堆垛工位44。已经成型的片状物首先通过光电装置134，在此由光纤光电管探测片状物的横向密封区。用已有技术中公知的方法使片状物通过张紧装置136、其包括两条环形带138，其中各条环形带由皮带轮140驱动。由图1所示，随后片状物被送入切割工位42和堆垛工位44。可以用于切割聚丙烯的，具有多把切刀切割装置可以是威斯康星州New Richmond有限公司出品的牌号280004的自动包装机。使多把切刀接触热密封区，并且将密封区压向硬钢材制造的砧板、切割出多个乳酪块。由切刀朝向砧板的压轧运动切割出多个乳酪块。
可以用于切割Mylar薄膜的切割、堆垛装置可以是威斯康星州Green Bay机械公司的牌号EO-16-2-68设备，这种设备与Green Bay机械公司现在出售的型号300S挤压机相同。切割装置42包括切刀(未图示)和探测切刀位置的电子分解器。电子分解器与可调的限制开关相连接。限制开关用来确定切刀的位置。根据光纤光电管发出的信号调解切刀的位置，以便切刀在横向热密封区切割片状物。
切割片状物形成单个的乳酪块之后，乳酪块从切割装置42卸出，然后进入堆放装置44。由堆放装置44将乳酪块堆成三堆。
因此本发明提供的包装和堆放系统是一种有效的、具有高生产率的对单个乳酪块进行热密封包装的设备。本发明提供的密封装置可以沿条片状物的纵向进行热密封。在乳酪被送入管状薄膜之后，形成横向热密封。这种设备提供的具有热密封的乳酪包装件的贮存寿命比现有的条片状乳酪产品的寿命高得多。此外本发明提供的方法是在条片状物连续运动过程中进行纵向密封和横向密封，而在某些现在使用的密封系统中是以间歇运动的方式完成上述密封。按照本发明生产的和包装的乳酪块是非常理想的最终包装产品。
此外因为聚乙烯可以用来作为密封层，对于包装好的乳酪来说，这种包装材料易于被撕裂。因此可以避免必须使用某种工具，例如剪刀，才能取出乳酪。这种包装材料的组织结构的凝聚力比较小，所以可以容易地撕裂这种材料。当然如果需要也可以用剪刀取出内装物。因为在形成横向密封以前就对片状物进行冷却，便于切割装置对准切割部位。本发明的方法和设备也可以用聚丙烯作包装材料。因为聚丙烯比现在使用的包装材料，例如Mylar薄膜，便宜得多，所以这种材料特别优良。
前面对本发明最佳实例的描述仅仅是为了说明本发明。上面所述的实例不是对本发明的详尽的或者限制性的唯一描述。显然，根据上述技术内容的启示可以得出许多经过修改的技术方案和变化了的技术方案。上面选择的实例是为了以最好的方式解释本发明的原理和本发明在实际中的应用。本发明所涉及的范围由权利要求书限定，其中包括了所有等同的技术方案。

Claims (24)

1.一种用在生产经过封装的单个的条片状食品的食品包装设备，所述条片状食品由连续压平的管状薄膜的包装材料和填充在所述管状薄膜内的食品构成，所述压平的管状薄膜具有前面和后面，所述设备包括：
用以输送填充有被包装的食品的管状薄膜的输送装置；
用以密封所述封装的条片状食品的密封装置；
其特征在于：所述食品包装设备还包括：
用以在所述压平的管状薄膜上制造出记录线的记录装置，所述记录线将所述管状薄膜分为彼此相邻的部分，所述记录装置沿着横越于所述管状薄膜的纵长方向的一个区域向所述管状薄膜的所述前面和所述后面施加压力以形成各条所述记录线，且将被包装的食品从所述横越于所述管状薄膜的纵长方向的区域挤出；
设置在所述记录装置的下游位置的加热装置，所述加热装置将来自所述记录装置的所述食品的相邻部分在所述记录线处持续一预定时间地加热；
所述密封装置接纳来自所述加热装置的被包装的食品的相邻部分并在所述记录线处施加压力以形成粘贴密封。
2.按照权利要求1所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述被包装食品是乳酪产品。
3.按照权利要求1所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述加热装置具有能将其产生的温度控制在121.11～160℃之间的温度控制装置。
4.按照权利要求1所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述加热装置具有能将其产生的温度控制在176.67～232.22℃之间的温度控制装置。
5.按照权利要求1所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述加热装置包括多个楔形物。
6.按照权利要求5所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述加热装置的所述多个楔形物安装在一个转动辊上。
7.按照权利要求6所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述多个楔形物设置在沿所述转动辊的周边上，并且各所述楔形物相互间的距离相等。
8.按照权利要求7所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述多个楔形物中相邻的楔形物由预定的距离相互分隔开，由所述预定的距离确定条片状食品被包装的长度。
9.按照权利要求6所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述记录装置具有一个楔形物，所述记录装置的楔形物与所述加热装置的多个楔形物中之一对准，以便在所述填充有被包装食品的管状薄膜位于所述加热装置和记录装置之间时于其上形成所述记录线。
10.按照权利要求9所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述记录装置包括多个安装在一个转动辊上的楔形物。
11.按照权利要求6所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述密封装置具有一个楔形物，所述密封装置的楔形物与所述加热装置的多个楔形物中之一对准，以便在所述记录线与所述对准的各楔形物对准时，将所述管状薄膜的前面和后面压在一起而形成密封。
12.按照权利要求11所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述密封装置包括多个安装在一个转动辊上的楔形物。
13.按照权利要求12所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述记录装置具有一个楔形物，所述记录装置的楔形物与所述加热装置的多个楔形物中之一对准，以便在所述填充有被包装的食品的管状薄膜位于所述加热装置和记录装置之间时于其上形成所述记录线。
14.按照权利要求10或12所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述记录装置的直径和所述密封装置的直径相同。
15.按照权利要求14所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述记录装置和所述密封装置的直径与所述加热装置的直径不相同。
16.按照权利要求10所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述食品包装设备包括一个使安装在所述记录装置的多个楔形物中的至少一个楔形物和安装在所述加热装置的多个楔形物中的至少一个楔形物对准的同步运动装置。
17.按照权利要求16所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述同步运动装置使安装在所述加热装置的多个楔形物中的至少一个楔形物和安装在所述密封装置的多个楔形物中的至少一个楔形物对准。
18.按照权利要求14所述的食品包装设备，其特征在于：所述加热装置上的所述多个楔形物等间隔地分隔开，且所述多个楔形物支撑在一个表面上，所述表面位于相邻的楔形物之间，且所述表面支撑所述被包装的食品。
19.一种生产经过封装的单个条片状食品的食品包装方法，所述条片状食品由连续压平的管状薄膜的包装材料和填充在所述管状薄膜内的食品构成，所述方法的步骤包括：
沿着横越于所述管状薄膜的纵长方向的第一区域向所述管状薄膜施加压力以将被包装的食品从所述第一区域中挤出，从而形成第一记录线；
沿着横越于所述管状薄膜的纵长方向的第二区域向所述管状薄膜施加压力以将被包装的食品从所述第二区域中挤出，从而形成第二记录线，并在所述第一记录线和所述第二记录线之间限定所述被包装的条片状食品的位置；
持续一预定时间加热所述第一记录线和所述第二记录线；
在加热所述第一记录线和所述第二记录线之后，向已加热的所述第一记录线和所述第二记录线施加压力，从而形成具有粘贴密封区域的条片状食品的包装件。
20.按照权利要求19所述的食品包装方法，其特征在于：所述被包装食品是乳酪产品。
21.按照权利要求20所述的食品包装方法，其特征在于：所述加热步骤是在约121.11～160℃之间的温度下进行的。
22.按照权利要求20所述的食品包装方法，其特征在于：所述加热步骤是在约176.67～232.22℃之间的温度下进行的。
23.按照权利要求21所述的食品包装方法，其特征在于：所述预定时间约为1/2秒。
24.按照权利要求19所述的食品包装方法，其特征在于：所述方法还包括沿所述第一记录线和所述第二记录线的所述粘贴密封区域分割所述条片状包装食品。
CN92114637A 1992-02-28 1992-11-09 生产条片状食品的食品包装设备和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1036382C (zh)

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