CN103611004B - 一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药技术领域,一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤剂,其特征在于它是由下列重量的原料药物制成的:人参10-15g,炙黄芪20-30g,白术10-15g,茯苓10-15g,当归10-15g,川芎10-15g,丹参10-15g,白芍10-15g,熟地黄15-20g,阿胶10-15g,鹿角胶10-15g,补骨脂10-15g,肉桂5-10g,枸杞子20-30g,山药15-20g,山茱萸10-15g,黄精10-15g,制首乌10-15g,白茅根15-20g,淡竹叶10-15g,薏苡仁20-30g,葶苈子20-30g,黄连5-10g,陈皮10-15g,姜半夏5-10g,枳壳10-15g,熟大黄10-20g,炙甘草5-10g。本发明配伍合理,易制备,费用低,服用方便,无毒副作用,疗效好,疗程短,不易复发,对治疗尿毒症有显著的功效,有效率100%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体地说是一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤。
背景技术
现代医学认为,尿液在肾中生成,新陈代谢产生的绝大部分废物随尿排出。同时,肾的重要组成部分一肾单位,还分泌肾素——血管紧张素,促红细胞生成因子,前列腺素,活性维生素D等,维持和调节生命活动正常进行。慢性肾小球肾炎,慢性肾盂肾炎,肾小球动脉硬化症,肾结核,泌尿道结石,结缔组织病,糖尿病,痛风,多发性骨髓瘤,先天性多囊肾等均可造成一大部分肾单位毁坏。健存肾单位通过增加负荷,即肾小球增大,肾小管扩张延长,使肾功能仍可得到代偿。若原发病变继续发展,那么健存的肾单位会越来越少,当肾小球滤过率下降到正常的50%以下,尿比重下降,肾的贮备功能耗竭,肾功能失代偿而病情则进入氮质血症期,尿毒症期。
尿毒症是多种肾脏疾患的后期表现。其病程较长,临床表现多数有乏力、纳呆、泛恶、呕吐、头晕、头痛、腰部疼痛、浮肿、鼻衄,小便一般并不减少,但后期明显减少,大便干或溏薄,面色萎黄或灰滞,舌质多淡胖或有齿痕,或淡黯,脉象弦数或细数,或沉细,或迟。尿毒症患者的临床改变包括:代谢产物潴留;代谢性酸中毒;水电解质平衡失调;内分泌功能障碍等。上述改变严重影响机体各系统器官、细胞和酶的正常活动,出现消化,神经,造血,呼吸系统和皮肤组织的病理变化以及继发细菌感染。如不及时治疗,常可引起死亡。
目前,国内外对尿毒症的治疗通常采用“肾透析”或者“肾移植”的西医疗法。肾透析治标不治本,施治时病人不但痛苦还易感染,费用也高,只能短期维持患者的生命;肾移植要取健康人的一个肾实施移植,而且还有一系列异体排斥反应,费用更加昂贵,普通民众患者在经济上无力承受。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术不足,提供一种治疗尿毒症的中药,具有疗效好,疗程短,不易复发,服用方便,费用低,无毒副作用的特点。
本发明的技术方案是:一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤剂,其特征在于它是由下列重量的原料药物制成的:人参10-15g,炙黄芪20-30g,白术10-15g,茯苓10-15g,当归10-15g,川芎10-15g,丹参10-15g,白芍10-15g,熟地15-20g,阿胶10-15g,鹿角胶10-15g,补骨脂10-15g,肉桂5-10g,枸杞子20-30g,山药15-20g,山茱萸10-15g,黄精10-15g,制首乌10-15g,白茅根15-20g,淡竹叶10-15g,薏苡仁20-30g,葶苈子20-30g,黄连5-10g,陈皮10-15g,姜半夏5-10g,枳壳10-15g,熟大黄10-20g,炙甘草5-10g。
药理分析:本发明中药中的人参:甘、微苦,平。归脾、肺、心经。具有大补元气,复脉固脱,补脾益肺,生津,安神的功能。用于体虚欲脱,肢冷脉微,脾虚食少,肺虚喘咳,津伤口渴,内热消渴,久病虚羸,惊悸失眠,阳痿宫冷;心力衰竭,心原性休克。炙黄芪:甘,温。归肺、脾经。具有益气补中的功能。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏。白术:苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。具有健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎的功能。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。茯苓:甘、淡,平,归心经、肺经、脾经、肾经。具有渗湿利水,健脾和胃,宁心安神的功效。可治小便不利,水肿胀满,痰饮咳逆,呕逆,恶阻,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘等症。当归:甘、辛、苦,温。归肝、心、脾经。具有补血;活血;调经止痛;润燥滑肠的功能。用于血虚诸证;月经不调;经闭;痛经;症瘕结聚;崩漏;虚寒腹痛;痿痹;肌肤麻木;肠燥便难;赤痢后重;痈疽疮疡;跌扑损伤。川芎:辛,温。归肝、胆、心包经。具有活血行气,祛风止痛的功能。用于月经不调,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。丹参:苦,微寒。人心,肝经。具有活血通络,凉血消肿,除烦清心的功能。用于痛经,经闭,腹部肿块,瘀血作痛痈肿疮毒,烦热不安。白芍:苦、酸,凉;归肝、脾经;具有通顺血脉、养血柔肝、缓中止痛、敛阴收汗的功能。用于肝胃不和所致的胸胁胀痛、脘腹疼痛,月经不调、经行腹痛、崩漏,以及自汗、盗汗,头痛、眩晕等病症。熟地:甘;温。归肝,肾经。具有补血滋润,益精填髓功能。用于血虚萎黄;眩晕心悸;月经不调;崩漏不止;肝肾阴亏;潮热盗汗;遗精阳痿;不育不孕;腰膝酸软;耳鸣耳聋;头目昏花;须发早白;消渴;便秘;肾虚喘促。阿胶:甘,性平。归肺、心、肝、肾经。具有补血滋阴,润燥,止血的功能。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,心烦不眠,肺燥咳嗽。鹿角胶:具有温补肝肾,益精养血的功能。用于阳痿滑精,腰膝酸冷,虚劳赢瘦,崩漏下血,便血尿血,阴疽肿痛。补骨脂:辛、苦,温;归肾、脾经。具有温肾助阳,纳气,止泻的功能。用于阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,腰膝冷痛,肾虚作喘,五更泄泻;外用治白癜风,斑秃等症。肉桂:辛、甘,大热,归肾、脾、心、肝经。具有补火助阳,引火归源,散寒止痛,活血通经之功效。用于阳痿,宫冷,腰膝冷痛,肾虚作喘,阳虚眩晕,目赤咽痛,心腹冷痛,虚寒吐泻,寒疝,奔豚,经闭,痛经等症。枸杞子:甘,平。归肝经;肾经;肺经。具有养肝;滋肾;润肺的功能。用于肝肾亏虚;头晕目眩;目视不清;腰膝酸软;阳痿遗精;虚劳咳嗽;消渴引饮。山药:甘,平。归脾、肺、肾经。具有补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精的功能。用于脾虚食少,久泻不止,肺虚喘咳,肾虚遗精,带下,尿频,虚热消渴。山茱萸:酸、涩,微温。归肝、肾经。具有补益肝肾,收敛固涩,固精缩尿,止带止崩,止汗,生津止渴。用于腰膝酸痛,头晕耳鸣,健忘,遗精滑精,遗尿尿频,崩漏带下月经不调,大汗虚脱,内热消渴。黄精:甘,平。归肺,脾,肾经。具有滋肾润肺,补脾益气的功能。用于治疗脾胃虚弱,体倦乏力,口干食少,肺虚燥咳,精血不足,内热消渴等症。制首乌:苦、甘、涩,微温。归肝、心、肾经。具有补肝肾,益精血,乌须发,强筋骨,化浊降脂的功能。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕耳呜,须发早白,腰膝酸软,肢体麻木,崩漏带下,高脂血症。白茅根:甘,寒;归心、肺、胃、膀胱经。具有凉血止血,清热生津,利尿通淋的功效。用于热病烦渴,吐血,衄血,肺热喘急,胃热哕逆,淋病,小便不利,水肿,黄疸。淡竹叶:甘淡,寒,无毒。归心经、肾经。具有甘淡渗利,性寒清降,善导心与小肠之火下行而利尿通淋的功能。用于胸中疾热、咳逆上气、吐血、热毒风、止消渴、压丹石毒、消痰、治热狂烦闷、中风失音不语、痛头风、止惊悸、瘟疫迷闷、杀小虫、除热缓脾。薏苡仁:甘、淡,凉。归脾、胃、肺经。具有利水消肿、健脾去湿、舒筋除痹、清热排脓的功能。用于小便不利,水肿,脚气,肺痈,肠痈,风湿痹痛,筋脉挛急及湿温病。葶苈子:辛,苦;寒。归肺经、心经、肝经、胃经、膀胱经。具有泻肺降气;祛痰平喘;利水消肿;泄逐邪的功能。用于痰涎壅肺之喘咳痰多;肺痈;水肿;胸腹积水;小便不利;慢性肺源性心脏病;心力衰竭之喘肿;瘰疬结核。黄连:苦,寒,无毒。归心、脾、胃、肝、胆、大肠经。具有清热燥湿,泻火解毒的功能。用于湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,泻痢,黄疸,高热神昏,心火亢盛,心烦不寐,血热吐衄,目赤,牙痛,消渴,痈肿疔疮;外治湿疹,湿疮,耳道流脓。陈皮:辛、苦,温。归脾经、胃经、肺经。具有理气健脾,调中,燥湿,化痰的功能。用于胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。姜半夏:辛、温;有毒。归脾、胃、肺经。具有降逆止呕的功能。用于呕吐反胃,胸脘痞闷,梅核气。枳壳:苦;酸;微寒。归肺;脾;肝;胃;大肠经。具有破气,行痰,消积的功能。用于胸膈痰滞,胸痞,胁胀,食积,噫气,呕逆,下痢后重,脱肛,子宫脱垂。熟大黄:苦,寒。归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经。具有泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经的功能。用于实热便秘,积滞腹痛,泻痢不爽,湿热黄疸,血热吐衄,目赤,咽肿,肠痈腹痛,痈肿疔疮,瘀血经闭,跌打损伤,外治水火烫伤;上消化道出血。炙甘草:甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。具有补脾和胃,益气复脉的功能。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心动悸,脉结代,可解附子毒。
制备及服用方法:将上述中草药按照重量配比放入砂锅中,加入凉水浸泡1小时,先用武火煮沸,再改文火煎30-40分钟,取药汁150ml;再加入热水,用武火煮沸后改文火煎30分钟,取药汁150ml,将两遍煎得药液混合后分两次,早、晚饭后各用温服150ml汤药;每日1剂。
本发明中药治则:益气养阴,温阳补肾。人参、黄芪为君药,着重补气益气作用;白术、茯苓、当归、川芎、丹参、白芍为臣药,补气养血活血;补骨脂、肉桂温补肾阳;熟地、阿胶、鹿角胶、枸杞子、山药、山茱萸、黄精、制首乌滋阴补肾;白茅根、淡竹叶、薏苡仁、葶苈子淡渗利湿为佐药;黄连、陈皮、半夏、枳壳和胃理气降逆止呕,熟大黄清热泻火通便解毒;炙甘草调和诸药为使。本发明配伍合理,易制备,费用低,服用方便,无毒副作用,疗效好,疗程短,不易复发,对治疗尿毒症有显著的功效,有效率100%。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤剂,它是由下列重量的原料药物制成的:人参10-15g,炙黄芪20-30g,白术10-15g,茯苓10-15g,当归10-15g,川芎10-15g,丹参10-15g,白芍10-15g,熟地15-20g,阿胶10-15g,鹿角胶10-15g,补骨脂10-15g,肉桂5-10g,枸杞子20-30g,山药15-20g,山茱萸10-15g,黄精10-15g,制首乌10-15g,白茅根15-20g,淡竹叶10-15g,薏苡仁20-30g,葶苈子20-30g,黄连5-10g,陈皮10-15g,姜半夏5-10g,枳壳10-15g,熟大黄10-20g,炙甘草5-10g。
制备及服用方法:将上述中草药按照重量配比放入砂锅中,加入凉水浸泡1小时,先用武火煮沸,再改文火煎30-40分钟,取药汁150ml;再加入热水,用武火煮沸后改文火煎30分钟,取药汁150ml,将两遍煎得药液混合后分两次,早、晚饭后各用温服150ml汤药;每日1剂。
实施例2:一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤剂,它是由下列重量的原料药物制成的:人参10g,炙黄芪20g,白术10g,茯苓10g,当归10g,川芎10g,丹参10g,白芍10g,熟地15g,阿胶10g,鹿角胶10g,补骨脂10g,肉桂5g,枸杞子20g,山药20g,山茱萸15g,黄精15g,制首乌15g,白茅根20g,淡竹叶15g,薏苡仁30g,葶苈子30g,黄连10g,陈皮15g,姜半夏10g,枳壳15g,熟大黄20g,炙甘草10g。
实施例3:一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤剂,它是由下列重量的原料药物制成的:人参15g,炙黄芪30g,白术15g,茯苓15g,当归15g,川芎15g,丹参15g,白芍15g,熟地20g,阿胶15g,鹿角胶15g,补骨脂15g,肉桂10g,枸杞子30g,山药15g,山茱萸10g,黄精10g,制首乌10g,白茅根15g,淡竹叶10g,薏苡仁20g,葶苈子20g,黄连5g,陈皮10g,姜半夏5g,枳壳10g,熟大黄10g,炙甘草5g。
一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤剂临床疗效总结:
1、临床资料
本发明在临床上应用30例,其中男性16例,女性14例。最小年龄16岁,最大年龄60岁。最长病程20年,最短6个月。
原发病,慢性肾小球肾炎13例,高血压肾损伤5例,肾盂肾炎9例,狼疮肾病2例,多囊肾1例。
2、诊断标准:
关于慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)尿毒症诊断标准:(1)内生肌酐清除率(CCr)<25%;(2)血肌酐(Cr)>451umol/L;(3)血尿素氮(BUN)>17.9mmol/L;(4)明显贫血,消化道症状;(5)代谢性酸中毒。
符合中西医诊断标准,中医辨证为肾阳衰竭,浊气上逆,面浮肢肿,纳差腹胀,舌紫暗苔白滑,脉结代。
3、治疗方法
给予本发明中药汤剂服用,每日1剂,早、晚饭后各用温服150ml汤药。60天为1疗程,连续治疗2疗程。
观察临床疗效及治疗前后BUN(血尿素氮)、Cr(血肌酐)、HGB(血红蛋白)、ALB(血清白蛋白)变化情况。
4、疗效评定标准
临床痊愈:症状完全消失,观察项目大部分在正常范围,随访半年无复发;
显效:BUN下降≥30%,Cr下降≥30%,症状减轻或消失;
有效:BUN,Cr均下降≥20%,症状改善;
稳定BUN,Cr无恶化或略有下降,症状有改善;
治疗前后症状或体征不减轻或加重,BUN,Cr无明显改善或较治疗前升高。
5、治疗结果
服用本发明中药汤剂30例患者,痊愈25例,显效数3例,有效数2例,稳定数0例,无效数0例,总有效率100%。
6、典型病例
1、徐某,女,56岁患者。患者于5年前无明显诱因出现头晕、头痛,当时无浮肿及胸闷,未予重视及诊治,半年前感冒、发热后出现周身乏力、双下肢浮肿,胸闷、气短,时有恶心、呕吐,时常尿急、尿频,遂至当地医院就诊,诊断:慢性肾炎,慢性肾功能不全尿毒症期,肾性高血压。给予肾毒清、倍他乐克片、波依定片等治疗,症状未见缓解,有进一步恶化趋势,经人介绍服用本发明药物2个疗程后,尿频、尿急等症状明显减轻,服药4个疗程后,症状完全消失,身体恢复健康。
2、方某,男,29岁,患有尿毒症1年多时间,他是在一次重感冒之后,出现了困乏、浮肿、腹胀厌食等现象,长时间如此,后来发展至呕吐严重,不能进食。到医院检查为肾病晚期尿毒症,医生告知需进行血液透析来维持,于是1年期间进行了多次的血液透析,身体状况也每况愈下,后经人介绍开始服用本发明药物,服药2个疗程后,血肌酐明显降下来,症状也明显减轻,透析次数越来越少,服药4个疗程后,基本不需要进行血液透析,身体状况明显好转,继续服药2个疗程后,后经医院检查,各项指标恢复正常,半年后随访无复发。
Claims (1)
1.一种治疗尿毒症的中药汤剂,其特征在于它是由下列重量的原料药物制成的:人参10-15g,炙黄芪20-30g,白术10-15g,茯苓10-15g,当归10-15g,川芎10-15g,丹参10-15g,白芍10-15g,熟地黄15-20g,阿胶10-15g,鹿角胶10-15g,补骨脂10-15g,肉桂5-10g,枸杞子20-30g,山药15-20g,山茱萸10-15g,黄精10-15g,制首乌10-15g,白茅根15-20g,淡竹叶10-15g,薏苡仁20-30g,葶苈子20-30g,黄连5-10g,陈皮10-15g,姜半夏5-10g,枳壳10-15g,熟大黄10-20g,炙甘草5-10g。
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