CN103608529A - 吸音板 - Google Patents

吸音板 Download PDF

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CN103608529A
CN103608529A CN201280024273.9A CN201280024273A CN103608529A CN 103608529 A CN103608529 A CN 103608529A CN 201280024273 A CN201280024273 A CN 201280024273A CN 103608529 A CN103608529 A CN 103608529A
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abatvoix
surface element
back elements
fibrous material
intermediary
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J·珀勒宁
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Yeseco Oy
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Yeseco Oy
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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Abstract

一种吸音板，所述吸音板包括表面元件(2)，所述表面元件包括纤维材料。所述吸音板(1)还包括背面元件(3)和中间元件(4)，所述背面元件具有蜂窝状结构且包括纤维材料，所述中间元件布置在所述表面元件(2)与所述背面元件(3)之间并且具有多孔结构。

Description

吸音板
背景技术
本发明涉及一种吸音板，所述吸音板包括表面元件，所述表面元件包括纤维材料。
在本说明书中，吸音板或吸音元件是指装在房间里以缩短在房间内的回响时间(即，回音的持续时间)的板或元件。
与已知的吸音板相关的一个问题是它们的声学特性可能有缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种性能优于已知吸音板性能的吸音板。该目的通过具有在独立权利要求中公开的吸音板的特征的吸音板来实现。在从属权利要求中公开了解决方案的优选实施例。
本发明是基于下述事实的：所述吸音板还包括背面元件和中间元件，所述背面元件具有蜂窝状结构并且包括纤维材料，所述中间元件布置在所述表面元件与所述背面元件之间并且具有多孔结构。
吸音板的优点在于：它的吸收率非常高。
附图说明
现在将参照附图通过一些实施例来描述所述解决方案，附图中：
图1是吸音板的一个实施例的示意性剖视图，
图2是图1所示吸音板的示意性分解视图，
图3是图1所示吸音板的示意性后视图，
图4是吸音板的第二实施例的示意性分解图，
图5是吸音板的第三实施例的示意性透视剖视图，
图6示出了吸音板的一个实施例的吸收率。
在附图中，为了清楚起见，所示的实施例被简化了。在附图中，相似的附图标记表示相似的部件。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明吸音板的一个实施例的示意性剖视图，图2是本发明吸音板的一个实施例的分解视图。
吸音板1的结构是分层的，包括：表面元件2；具有蜂窝状结构的背面元件3；和中间元件4，所述中间元件布置在表面元件2与背面元件3之间。
表面元件2可通过胶粘、铆接、尼龙搭扣或在一些其他相应的已知方式在背面元件3的边缘部6上固定到背面元件。所述固定自然也可以用在除了边缘部6的其他地方。
附图中所示的表面元件2在其前表面7上基本上是平坦的。可替代地，前表面7包括三维形状，该三维形状例如可通过将不同形状和厚度的分段部件按压或附接到表面元件2上而形成。
中间元件4可布置在形成于表面元件2与背面元件3之间的空间内。中间元件4可以是单层或多层的。在附图中，在表面元件2与背面元件3之间有一个中间元件4。在其它实施例中，在表面元件2与背面元件3之间有两个或更多个中间元件4。
表面元件2和背面元件3主要由包括纤维材料和热塑性粘合剂的材料混合物制成。纤维材料可以是合成纤维、天然纤维或包含这两者。
在一些实施例中，纤维材料优选仅仅包含天然纤维。在本说明书中，天然纤维是指纤维材料来源于植物或动物的纤维。天然纤维可以是亚麻、大麻、黄麻、椰子纤维、马尼拉麻或剑麻纤维、羊毛等。天然纤维提供的优势在于，它是生态的并且容易处理。
根据本说明书的术语，除了天然纤维之外的所有其他纤维是合成纤维。
如必要的话，纤维材料通过粘合剂结合到元件中，所述粘合剂可以是热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物。然而，应该指出的是，当纤维材料包含粘合成分(诸如木质素)时，添加粘合剂不是必需的。粘合剂可以是聚乙烯PE、聚丙烯PP、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯PET、聚交酯、聚乙醇酸交酯等。
粘合剂优选是一种通过燃烧可处理掉的天然聚合物或合成材料。
表面元件2可由与背面元件3相同或不同的原料制成。
在适当涂了底漆的表面元件2上可印刷图案或者通过绢印或绘画形成美术作品。表面元件2也可包覆有织物，和／或它用着色剂或类似物进行喷涂或通过其他方式处理。
背面元件3具有蜂窝状结构。附图中所示的背面元件3包括具有六边形基本形状和可按常规规则配置的相同大小的凹穴5。凹穴5的形状、深度和大小自然也可以不同于附图中所示的。可能在同一背面元件3上配置具有不同的形状和/或尺寸的凹穴5。相邻凹穴5之间的距离在背面元件3的不同部分处可以不同。
中间元件4是多孔结构，优选是棉状的多孔结构。它也可以由与表面元件2和/或背面元件3相同的原料制成。中间元件4可以是PET合成亚麻、再生纺织填料或类似物。
通过改变材料的密度和元件2、3、4的厚度，可能影响声衰减和声波反射。该材料也非常坚固而且耐冲击。
元件2、3、4自然也可以包括由除了上述纤维材料之外的其他材料制成的部分。通过使用添加剂，使得元件2、3、4的制造材料具有耐火性和慢燃性。
吸音板1可以布置在房间里以使得表面元件2沿声音的主要入射方向设置。
吸音板1可以用作吸声板块或固定到墙壁或天花板上的板。吸音板1也可以形成为分隔屏，在这种情况下或在大多数情况下，一些吸音板1被固定到分隔屏的框架上。
表面元件2、背面元件3和中间元件4均可以通过在模具中热压纤维原料和可能混入于其中的粘合剂而制成。然后，温度升高至如此之高，以使得粘合剂(添加的粘合剂或纤维所固有的粘合剂）软化或熔融。于是纤维借助于粘合剂彼此附连。随着产品冷却，纤维保持彼此附连。在模具中可以在表面元件2上设计三维形状。吸音板1可通过层压法制造，例如在层与层之间带有或不带有胶粘层。
三维表面也可以通过在表面元件2上添加材料层以在表面上形成浮雕装饰。表面元件2和整个吸音板1的基本形式可以不仅是如图中所示的平面的，而且可以是弯曲的、凹的、凸的等等。
位于表面元件2与背面元件3之间的中间元件4增强声音衰减。表面元件2的厚度和密度也影响声音衰减。此外，背面元件3的凹穴5的高度和形状也影响声音衰减。凹穴5的表面(特别是斜切面)折射和分散撞击它们的声波。因此，随着声波返回到中间元件4和/或表面元件2，声波的能量分散和衰减。在一个实施例中，背面元件3的密度高于中间元件4和表面元件2的密度，从而声音从背面元件3反射至密度较低和衰减良好的中间元件4和表面元件2。
衰减或反射声音的结构可由该材料制成。随着密度的增大，声音反射性能典型地增大而声音衰减性能降低。随着密度减小则反之。图6示出了吸音板的性能。
图3是图1所示吸音板的示意性后视图，也就是从背面元件3一侧看去的视图。
紧固构件7被布置在背面元件3的角部处，通过紧固构件，吸音板1可被固定在墙或类似物上的适当位置处。在本实施例中，紧固构件7为十字形的开口，但很显然，它可以具有一些其它形状。所述紧固构件7不必是开口，它也可以是支架，诸如钩、环、导轨、槽或类似物。吸音板1本身也可以通过胶合、尼龙搭扣或在一些其他已知方式固定在适当位置。
图4是吸音板的第二实施例的示意性分解视图。
在此，凸起框架8布置在表面元件2与背面元件3之间。它也可以由与表面元件2和/或背面元件3相同的原料制成，并且其本身通过胶合、尼龙搭扣或一些其他已知方式固定在适当位置。
凸起框架8增强声音衰减。这是基于它形成的额外的厚度或空间，并且它可以填充有中间元件4。额外厚度特别地增强了低音的衰减。
一个或多个凸起框架8可被紧固的表面元件2与背面元件3之间。它也可以集成到表面元件2或背面元件3上。
图5是吸音板第三实施例的示意性透视剖视图。
表面元件的边缘9可被切成各种二维形状。如在图中看到的，背面元件的边缘部6可以具有与表面元件的边缘9不同的形状。
图6示出了吸音板的一个实施例的吸收率。对尺寸为1284x784mm以及密度为2.90kg／m2的吸音板进行了测量。表面元件2的厚度为15mm，材料是PET合成麻纤维。中间元件4的厚度为42毫米，材料为再生纺织填料。
根据结果，吸音板的吸收率极好，特别是在400赫兹以上的频率范围内极好。
对于本领域技术人员而言，随着技术的进步，解决方案的基本思想可以以多种不同方式来实现。因此，实施例并不对上述实例进行限制，而是可以在权利要求的范围内改变。
附图标记
1    吸音板
2    表面元件
3    背面元件
4    中间元件
5    凹穴
6    背面元件的边缘部
7    紧固构件
8    凸起框架
9    表面元件的边缘

Claims (3)

1.一种吸音板，所述吸音板包括：
包括纤维材料的表面元件(2)，其特征在于
所述吸音板(1)还包括：
背面元件(3)，所述背面元件具有蜂窝状结构并且包括纤维材料，和
中间元件(4)，所述中间元件布置在所述表面元件(2)与所述背面元件(3)之间并且具有多孔结构。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸音板，其特征在于，所述纤维材料包含天然纤维。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的吸音板，其特征在于，所述表面元件(2)和所述背面元件(3)由相同材料制成。
CN201280024273.9A 2011-05-19 2012-05-14 吸音板 Pending CN103608529A (zh)

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