CN103596918A - 制备芳基-和杂芳基乙酸衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
制备芳基-和杂芳基乙酸衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103596918A CN103596918A CN201280011378.0A CN201280011378A CN103596918A CN 103596918 A CN103596918 A CN 103596918A CN 201280011378 A CN201280011378 A CN 201280011378A CN 103596918 A CN103596918 A CN 103596918A
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- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- iii
- group
- alkyl
- formula according
- Prior art date
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- -1 heteroaryl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 16
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001541 3-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl malonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCC IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- PFQUNTMOWWJEPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-adamantylphosphane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(P)C3 PFQUNTMOWWJEPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- CNXMDTWQWLGCPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl-(2-phenylphenyl)phosphane Chemical group CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CNXMDTWQWLGCPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- JVJQPDTXIALXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitryl fluoride Chemical compound [O-][N+](F)=O JVJQPDTXIALXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940093916 potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006700 (C1-C6) alkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002030 1,2-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([*:2])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004198 2-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(F)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004180 3-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(F)=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004801 4-cyanophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(C#N)=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical group OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical group OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMCUDHNSHCRDBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].OC([O-])=O ZMCUDHNSHCRDBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QUMXDOLUJCHOAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methylbenzyl acetate Natural products CC(=O)OC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUMXDOLUJCHOAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MDHYEMXUFSJLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-phenethyl acetate Natural products CC(=O)OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 MDHYEMXUFSJLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl bromide Natural products BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2,2-diethylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Substances CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzo-18-crown-6 Chemical compound O1CCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C2OCCOCCOC2=CC=CC=C21 YSSSPARMOAYJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- HVRUGFJYCAFAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1Br HVRUGFJYCAFAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZEMZPXWZVTUONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-dicyclohexylphosphanylphenyl)-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical group CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 ZEMZPXWZVTUONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001038 basic metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005837 enolization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002560 ketene acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMACFCSSMIZSPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Rb+] AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sphos Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- NSJVYHOPHZMZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1B(O)O NSJVYHOPHZMZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYECURVXVYPVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 WYECURVXVYPVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUZYGTVTZYSBCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BUZYGTVTZYSBCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSSXJPIWXQTSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1Br QSSXJPIWXQTSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLDWAJLZAAHOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 PLDWAJLZAAHOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004293 19F NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- JYGFNQWCJDXUGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCC1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C JYGFNQWCJDXUGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMEXIIGRXCODNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1CC(O)=O MMEXIIGRXCODNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMYVYZLMUEVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1Br MYMYVYZLMUEVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APSMUYYLXZULMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(Br)=CC=C21 APSMUYYLXZULMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- VIBOGIYPPWLDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthylacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(CC(=O)O)=CC=C21 VIBOGIYPPWLDTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XCMISAPCWHTVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromothiophene Chemical compound BrC=1C=CSC=1 XCMISAPCWHTVNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003682 3-furyl group Chemical group O1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ADLVDYMTBOSDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-6-nitroisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O ADLVDYMTBOSDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003512 Claisen condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cs2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005863 Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005672 Willgerodt-Kindler rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGPCZSUAPHVBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rb].P(O)(O)(O)=O Chemical compound [Rb].P(O)(O)(O)=O UGPCZSUAPHVBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetoacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC([O-])=O WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNRQTHVKJQUDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylpyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)C(O)=O UNRQTHVKJQUDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005418 aryl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001503 aryl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006254 arylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WAKZZMMCDILMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-H barium(2+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WAKZZMMCDILMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- UCVMQZHZWWEPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O UCVMQZHZWWEPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LYSTYSFIGYAXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Ba+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O LYSTYSFIGYAXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Substances N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CHQVQXZFZHACQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(triethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CHQVQXZFZHACQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HRQGCQVOJVTVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(chloromethyl) ether Chemical compound ClCOCCl HRQGCQVOJVTVLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- CFNMGCBIEOFTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene methylsulfanylmethane Chemical compound CSC.BrC1=CC=CC=C1 CFNMGCBIEOFTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007265 chloromethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMKNCYHVESPYFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-amine;hydrochloride Chemical class [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] RMKNCYHVESPYFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006193 diazotization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dicesium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+].[Cs+] AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- REKWWOFUJAJBCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].OP([O-])([O-])=O REKWWOFUJAJBCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MHJAJDCZWVHCPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimagnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O MHJAJDCZWVHCPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C XJWSAJYUBXQQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DYSITMINDVYNQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C DYSITMINDVYNQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWBYCMPOFNRISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-chlorobenzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RWBYCMPOFNRISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl bromoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CBr PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005223 heteroarylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KEDRKJFXBSLXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;rubidium(1+);carbonate Chemical compound [Rb+].OC([O-])=O KEDRKJFXBSLXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000022 magnesium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002370 magnesium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014824 magnesium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001708 magnesium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000400 magnesium phosphate tribasic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethyl Chemical compound O=[CH] CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical class [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Pd]Br INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FWZMWMSAGOVWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;hydrofluoride Chemical compound F.[K] FWZMWMSAGOVWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L rubidium carbonate Chemical compound [Rb+].[Rb+].[O-]C([O-])=O WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000026 rubidium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001952 rubidium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWBWCLMMHLCMAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium(1+);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+].[Rb+] CWBWCLMMHLCMAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MCZDHTKJGDCTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC MCZDHTKJGDCTAE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC UQFSVBXCNGCBBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004577 thatch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
- C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D333/24—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
- C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C205/00—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C205/49—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C205/56—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by carboxyl groups having nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C255/57—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing cyano groups and carboxyl groups, other than cyano groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C319/00—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
- C07C319/14—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides
- C07C319/20—Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides by reactions not involving the formation of sulfide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过芳基或杂芳基卤化物与丙二酸二酯在钯催化剂、一种或多种碱以及任选地相转移催化剂存在下反应制备芳基-和杂芳基乙酸及其衍生物的方法。该方法可制备大量官能化的芳基-和杂芳基乙酸及其衍生物,尤其是制备含有具有立体障碍的取代基的芳基乙酸。
Description
本发明涉及一种通过芳基或杂芳基卤化物与丙二酸二酯在钯催化剂、一种或多种碱以及任选地相转移催化剂存在下反应制备芳基-和杂芳基乙酸及其衍生物的方法。该方法可制备多种官能化的芳基-和杂芳基乙酸及其衍生物,尤其是制备含有具有立体障碍的取代基的芳基乙酸。
通常,苯基乙酸衍生物是在多段合成中制备,其大部分具有低基团耐受性。该制备可以例如由苯乙酮通过Willgerodt-Kindler反应进行(见例如H.E.Zaugg et al.,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.70(1948)3224-8)。然而,在这个方法中,会产生大量含硫的废弃物。此外,会产生具有高度恶臭公害的挥发性硫化物。
另一种方法是从苯基溴化物或氯化物中制备芳基乙酸。例如,使用氰化钠制备对应的腈化物,随后,将这些物质水解。所需的苄基溴或苄基氯可例如通过对应的芳族化合物的溴-或氯甲基化获得。然而,这个方法的缺点是无法避免出现高致癌性的化合物,如双(氯甲基)醚或双(溴甲基)醚,因此在工业中必须实施高度的安全措施。此外,取代的芳香化合物的卤甲基化在许多情形中导致异构体混合物产生。
苄基卤在醇类存在下的羰基化得到苯乙酸酯。在某些情况甚至在高压下,已提及的苄基卤的有限利用度及需要使用有毒的CO气体,也是这个方法的缺点。
已经有披露缩酮化α-氯苯乙酮然后使该缩酮进行重组反应(C.Giordano et al.,Angew.Chem.96(1984)413-9)。α-氯苯乙酮通过苯乙酮的氯化作用或直接通过将乙酰氯和对应的芳族化合物进行Friedel-Crafts酰基化获得。该方法再次产生的缺点是,取代的芳族化合物频繁地进行非选择性酰基化。
制备苯乙酸的另一种已知方法包括,在第一步中将对应的苯胺重氮化,在第二步中将所得的重氮化合物与偏二氯乙烯反应,在第三步中将由此获得的三氯-或溴二氯乙基化合物与水或醇反应而得到芳基乙酸或其酯(见如V.M.Naidan and A.V.Dombrovskii,ZhurnalObshchei Khimii34(1984)1469-73;EP-A-835243)。但是,只有在那些芳基上携带有吸电子基团的苯胺且其中的氨基没有空间位阻时,这一反应才有良好的产率。
还已知溴苯与氯乙酸衍生物在化学计量的银或铜存在下于180-200℃下反应。该方法的缺点是高温,且排除使用热敏性化合物的情况,低产率及使用化学计量的昂贵且处理困难的金属。
芳基-格氏(Grignard)化合物与α-卤乙酸衍生物的反应同样产生苯乙酸衍生物。然而,缺点是官能团非常有限的耐受性,而这是由于使用难以处理的高反应性格氏化合物而导致的。
也已经描述的上述方法的替代性方法是,将芳基卤化物与雷福尔马茨基(Reformatsky)试剂、锡烯醇化物、铜烯醇化物及其他烯醇化物或烯酮缩醛进行交叉偶联(见如J.Am.Chem.Soc.1959,81,1627-1630;J.Organomet.Chem.1979,177,273-281;Synth.Comm.1987,17,1389-1402;Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.1985,58,3383-3384;J.Org.Chem.1993,58,7606-7607;J.Chem.Soc.Perkin1 1993,2433-2440;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1975,97,2507-2517;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1977,99,4833-4835;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1999,121,1473-78;J.Org.Chem.1991,56,261-263,Heterocycles1993,36,2509-2512,Tetrahedron Lett.1998,39,8807-8810)。然而,这些方法的适用性有限。例如,雷福尔马茨基试剂和烯酮缩醛很难制备及处理。使用锡化合物因为毒性因素而不利,并且,使用化学计量的铜造成弃置时相当大的成本。通常只有在当没有其他可烯醇化的基团存在于分子中时才可能使用烯醇化合物。例如,酮类因此被排除作为该方法的底物。一些电化学方法也已知(Synthesis1990,369-381;J.Org.Chem.1996,61,1748-1755),但这些方法因为复杂的反应方案及低时空产率而不利。
同样已知的是,将芳基硼酸与溴乙酸乙酯通过钯催化的偶联反应制备苯乙酸衍生物的方法(Chem.Commun.2001,660-70;DE-A-10111262)。然而,该方法通常要求由相应的芳基或杂芳基卤化物制备硼酸。此外,迄今还不可能使用这种方法制备具有立体障碍的的,例如2,6-二取代的苯乙酸衍生物。Chem.Commun.2001,660-70描述了具有空间位阻的芳基硼酸也可以在其描述的条件下有效地转化。然而,实例只包括2-甲基苯硼酸作为空间位阻的底物。没有描述具有更大空间位阻的芳基硼酸,如2,6-二烷基苯基硼酸。
另一个已知的方法是,将芳基卤化物与丙二酸酯或β-酮酸酯在钯或铜催化下进行偶联反应,随后热引发的脱烷氧羰基化或逆向克莱森缩合。该方法涉及芳基碘化物及活化的芳基溴化合物与丙二酸二乙酯在钯催化剂及10当量非常昂贵的碳酸铯存在下反应,且反应时间需要长达76小时(Chem.Commun.2001,2704-2705)。可能在更短的反应时间有更高的产率,但是这些需要使用非常特别的极难制备的N-杂环碳烯配体;此外,该方法也使用昂贵的碳酸铯(Tetrahedron Lett.2004,45,5823-5825)。将乙酰醋酸酯在钯或铜催化下芳基化,随后通过原位去乙酰化,最终只有非常狭窄的适用性;而且,去乙酰化通常不完全,从而导致芳基乙酸酯的产率不能令人满意(Tetrahedron Lett.2004,45,4261-4264;Tetrahedron Lett.2007,48,3289-3293)。
因此,目前已知用于制备苯乙酸衍生物,尤其是那些含有具有立体障碍的取代的全部方法都有其缺点及不利之处,其中部分相当明显,使得其应用复杂化。由于苯乙酸,尤其是其中含有具有立体障碍的取代的那些,通常是重要的前体,例如用于农作物保护的活性成分,人们期望有一种技术简单且非常有效的方法来制备这些化合物。
本发明预想不到地发现了一种由芳基及杂芳基卤化物和丙二酸酯制备芳基-和杂芳基乙酸及其衍生物的方法,其特征在于,该反应是在钯催化剂、膦及
A)无机碱和相转移催化剂
或
B)无机碱混合物
存在下,进行偶联反应,然后进行原位去烷氧羰基化。
在方法步骤A)中的发现,即添加相转移催化剂正向地影响反应的选择性是无法预知的,这使得该方法的发现尤其出人意料。使用相转移催化剂使得第一次有可能将选择性及产率转变为显著有利于所需产物。这使得该方法比现有技术的方法在经济上更为可行。
在方法步骤B)中的发现,即使用无机碱混合物正向地影响转化是无法预知的,这使得该方法的发现尤其出人意料。使用无机碱混合物使其第一次有可能在高选择性和高产率下获得所需的产物。这使得该方法比现有技术的方法在经济上更为可行。
根据本发明用于制备芳基-和杂芳基羰基化合物的方法,其特征在于,
在钯催化剂、膦配体及
A)无机碱和相转移催化剂,
或
B)无机碱混合物存在下,
任选地使用有机溶剂,
将式(I)的芳基-或杂芳基卤化物与式(II)的的丙二酸酯反应,得到式(III)的α-芳基甲基羰基化合物;
Ar-Hal (I)
其中
Hal为氯、溴或碘,
Ar为
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4和R5相同或不同,且各自独立地为氢、氨基、氰基、硝基、卤素、任选地卤素取代的C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-硫代烷基、苯硫基、C1-C6-烷氧基、C6-C10-芳氧基、苯基、–CO-C6-C10-芳基、–CO-C1-C3-烷基、–COO-C1-C6-烷基或–COO-C6-C10-芳基,
Ar基团另外也可为杂芳基,如2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基或3-噻吩基,或
Ar基团也可为1-或2-萘基;
其中
R6和R7各自独立地为任选取代的C1-C8-烷基、苯基、芳基、或NR8R9,
其中R8和R9相同或不同,且各自独立地为C1-C4-烷基或苯基,其中苯基任选地被氟-或氯取代的C1-C3-烷基、硝基、氰基或二-C1-C3-烷基氨基取代,或与其所连接的氮原子一起成饱和或不饱和、取代的或未被取代的环;
其中,Ar、R6和R7各自如上述所定义。
该方法形成的式(IV)的2-芳基丙二酸二酯作为中间体,但其没有被分离。
该反应由下面的反应式相应说明:
在上文或下文提到的式中提供的基团的优选取代基或范围说明如下:
Ar优选为1-或2-萘基、3-噻吩基或
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4和R5相同或不同,且各自独立地优选为氢、氨基、氰基、硝基、氟、任选地氟取代的C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-硫代烷基、苯硫基、C1-C4-烷氧基、C6-C10-芳氧基、苯基、–CO-C6-C8-芳基、–CO-C1-C3-烷基、–COO-C1-C4-烷基或–COO-C6-C8-芳基,
Hal优选为氯、溴或碘,
R6和R7相同或不同,且各自独立地优选为C1-C4-烷基。
Ar更优选为1-或2-萘基、3-噻吩基或
基,
其中,
R1、R2、R3、R4和R5相同或不同,且各自独立地更优选为氢、氨基、氰基、硝基、氟、甲基、甲硫基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、CF3、C2F5、C3F7、甲氧基、乙氧基、苯基、–CO-苯基、–CO-甲基、–CO-乙基、–COO-甲基、–COO-乙基或–COO-苯基,
Hal更优选为氯、溴或碘,
R6和R7各自独立地更优选为甲基或乙基,特别是乙基。
Ar最优选为1-萘基、2-萘基、苯基、4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基、4-甲硫基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-乙氧基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、2-甲氧基苯基、2-甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-氟苯基、3-氟苯基、2-氟苯基、2-乙基苯基、4-乙氧基羰基苯基、3-噻吩基。
Ar还最优选为2,6-二甲基苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、4-氰基苯基、4-氰基-2-甲基苯基、3-氰基苯基、4-乙氧基羰基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、4-乙酰基苯基、4-硝基苯基、4-苯甲酰基苯基。
上述一般或优选的基团定义或说明,需要时可以彼此组合,也就是包括各自范围和优选范围的组合。它们适用于最终产物及对应的中间体。
式(I)的芳基卤化物是原则上已知或可以通过已知方法制备。
式(II)的化合物是原则上已知或可以通过已知方法制备。
在本发明方法步骤A)中使用的碱为无机碱,如碱金属或碱土金属氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、氧化物、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、氟化物或氢氟化物。优选使用碱金属及碱土金属磷酸盐、碳酸盐或氟化物,特别优选使用磷酸钠和磷酸钾。尤其是磷酸钾。
在本发明方法步骤B)中使用的碱为无机碱混合物,如碱金属或碱土金属氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、氧化物、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、氟化物或氢氟化物,例如,氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铯、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铷、氢氧化钙或氢氧化钡、氧化锂、氧化钠、氧化钾、氧化铯、氧化镁、氧化铷、氧化钙或氧化钡,磷酸锂、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸铯、磷酸镁、磷酸铷、磷酸钙或磷酸钡,磷酸氢锂、磷酸氢钠、磷酸氢钾、磷酸氢铯、磷酸氢镁、磷酸氢铷、磷酸氢钙或磷酸氢钡,氟化锂、氟化钠、氟化钾、氟化铯、氟化镁、氟化铷、氟化钙或氟化钡,氢氟化锂、氢氟化钠、氢氟化钾、氢氟化铯、氢氟化镁、氢氟化铷、氢氟化钙或氢氟化钡,及碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸镁、碳酸铷、碳酸钙或碳酸钡,碳酸氢锂、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢镁、碳酸氢铷、碳酸氢钙或碳酸氢钡。优选为使用碱金属或碱土金属磷酸盐、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐的混合物,特别优选为使用碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠及碳酸氢钾的混合物。尤其是碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾的混合物。无机碱的混合物可以含有不同摩尔比率的单独的碱。通常,使用0.1-10的摩尔比率。优选使用0.5-5的摩尔比率。
根据本发明的方法中,使用1-10当量的各碱。优选使用1.2-5当量的碱。
在根据本发明的方法中使用的钯催化剂为钯(II)盐,例如钯氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、醋酸盐或乙酰基丙酮酸盐,其可任选通过其他配体被稳定化,例如烷基腈、或Pd(0)类,如在活性炭上的钯、Pd(PPh3)4、双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯或三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯。优选为双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氯化钯、溴化钯及乙酸钯;尤其为双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯及乙酸钯。
在根据本发明的方法中使用的钯催化剂的量为摩尔百分数0.001-5,以使用的芳基卤化物为基准。优选使用摩尔百分数0.005-3,更优选使用摩尔百分数0.01-1。
在根据本发明的方法中使用的膦配体为PR10R11R12配体,其中R10、R11和R12基团各自为氢、直链或支链C1-C8-烷基、乙烯基、芳基或选自吡啶、嘧啶、吡咯、噻吩或呋喃的杂芳基,其可再经选自下组的其他取代基取代:直链及支链C1-C8-烷基或C6-C10-芳基、直链及支链C1-C8-烷氧基或C1-C10-芳氧基、卤代直链及支链C1-C8-烷基或卤代C6-C10-芳基、直链及支链C1-C8-烷基或C6-C10-芳氧基羰基、直链及支链C1–C8-烷氨基、直链及支链C1–C8-二烷氨基、C1–C8-芳氨基、C1–C8-二芳氨基、甲酰基、羟基、羧基、氰基、及卤素,如F、Cl、Br和I,原位获得。
优选的膦配体为三烷基膦,如三乙基膦、三正丁基膦、三叔丁基膦、三环己基膦、三(1-金刚烷基)膦、正丁基二(1-金刚烷基)膦(A)、苄基二(1-金刚烷基)膦(ABn)、2-(二叔丁基膦基)联苯(JohnPhos)、2-(二环己基膦基)-2’-(N,N-二甲氨基)联苯(DavePhos)及2-(双环己基膦基)-2’,6’-二甲氧基-1,1’-联苯(SPhos)。特别优选的为三叔丁基膦。
叔丁基膦可作为自由态膦或以HBF4加成物的形式使用。
作为其替代物,也可使用在一或多个方法步骤中从上述配体中得到所定义的钯络合物。
在根据本发明的方法中使用1-20摩尔当量的膦,以钯的使用量为基准。优选使用1-4摩尔当量。
在根据本发明的方法步骤A)中,使用选自季铵盐、季磷盐或冠醚的相转移催化剂。
选自季铵盐或季鏻盐的相转移催化剂优选具有式(V)
R13、R14、R15和R16基团相同或不同,且各自独立地为C1–C28-烷基、任选地支链C1–C28-烷基、C6-C10-芳基或苄基。
A为N或P。
X基团为卤素、硫酸氢根、硫酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸氢根、磷酸根或乙酸根。
优选X为溴、氯、氟、硫酸氢根、硫酸根、磷酸根及乙酸根。
这类相转移催化剂的实例包括四丁基氟化铵、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵及四丁基乙酸铵、四乙基碘化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵及甲基三癸基氯化铵(Aliquat336)。
选自冠醚的相转移催化剂具有式(VI)
其中,n为4-8的数字,
且
R17~R20基团各自独立地为氢、C1-C4-烷基或苯基,其中两个相邻的R基团还可在各种情形下形成环状基团,如环戊基、环己基或1,2-亚苯基。
典型的式(VI)的冠醚的实例包括:
苯并-15-冠醚-5、15-冠醚-5、18-冠醚-6、二苯并-18-冠醚-6、二苯并-24-冠醚-8及二环己并-18-冠醚-6。
优选使用18-冠醚-6、二苯并-18-冠醚-6及二苯并-24-冠醚-8。
特别优选为18-冠醚-6。
根据本发明方法中的相转移催化剂的使用量为摩尔百分数1-100,以式(I)的芳基卤化物为基准,优选的量为摩尔百分数25-75。
根据本发明的方法是在0℃-220℃的温度下进行,优选在50℃-200℃下,更优选在100℃-180℃下。
根据本发明的方法可以在溶剂存在下或使用过量的式(II)丙二酸酯进行。优选在过量的式(II)丙二酸酯存在下进行。
过量的式(II)丙二酸酯为2-20摩尔当量,以式(I)的芳基卤化物为基准。优选使用过量的3-10摩尔当量进行。
本发明的方法通常是在标准压力下进行,但也可在减压或加压下进行。
为了分离根据本发明制备的芳基-和杂芳基乙酸及其衍生物,反应结束后,优选通过蒸馏和/或萃取或层析法处理反应混合物。
根据本发明的方法通过下述的实施例说明,但不限于此。
制备实施例
实施例1:4-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
先向干燥的舒伦克(Schlenk)容器中加入171mg(1mmol)4-溴甲苯、1056mg(6.6mmol)丙二酸二乙酯、2.88mg(0.005mmol)Pd(dba)2、3.19mg(0.011mmol)P(叔丁基)3x HBF4、594mg(2.8mmol)干K3PO4和132mg(0.5mmol)18-冠醚-6。将反应容器排空三次,并充入氮气。随后,160℃下搅拌直至转化完成(8-12小时)。冷却到室温后,用乙酸乙酯将反应混合物进行稀释。将所得溶液依次用各20ml的水、饱和NaHCO3水溶液及饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,用MgSO4进行干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。用硅胶层析纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯),得到4-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯,产率是理论值的88%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.19(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.14(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.16(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.58(s,2H),2.34(s,3H),1.26(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=171.8,136.6,131.1,129.2,129.1,60.8,41.0,21.0,14.2。MS(70eV),m/z(%):178(34)[M+],106(10),105(100).IR(NaCl):,2927(m),1735(vs),1515(m),1446(m),1367(m),1301(m),1253(m),1152(m),1032(m),809(m)。
实施例2:2-乙基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例1,使用185mg(1mmol)2-乙基溴苯,得到170mg的标题化合物(理论值的88%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.27-7.16(m,4H),7.56(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.17(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.68(s,2H),2.70(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),1.29-1.23(m,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=171.6,142.5,132.0,130.3,128.4,127.4,125.9,60.7,38.5,25.7,14.8,14.1.MS(70eV),m/z(%):193(4),192(24)[M+],146(29),119(100),91(54),77(21)。IR(NaCl): ,2935(m),1734(vs),1615(m),1583(w),1513(s),1246(s),1032(m),821(m)。
实施例3:3-甲氧基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例1,使用187mg(1mmol)3-溴苯甲醚,得到180mg标题化合物(理论值的93%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.25(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.91-6.81(m,3H),4.17(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.81(s,3H),3.60(s,2H),1.27(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=171.4,159.6,135.5,129.4,121.5,114.8,112.5,60.8,55.1,41.4,14.1.MS(70eV),m/z(%):195(7),194(50)[M+],121(100),91(37),78(17),77(26)。IR(NaCl):,1731(vs),1601(s),1586(m),1492(m),1368(m),1262(m),1031(m),870(m),773(m)。
实施例4:4-甲硫基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例1,使用203mg(1mmol)4-溴苯甲硫醚,获得199mg的标题化合物(理论值的95%)。
实施例5:3-噻吩基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例1,使用163mg(1mmol)3-溴噻吩,获得160mg的标题化合物(理论值的94%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.29-7.26(m,1H),7.14(s,1H),7.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.16(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.64(s,2H),1.26(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=170.1,133.7,128.5,125.6,122.7,60.9,35.9,14.1。MS(70eV),m/z(%):171(10),170(58)[M+],98(22),97(100)。R(NaCl):,2937(m),1733(vs),1464(m),1369(m),1259(m),1206(m),1155(m),1028(m)。
实施例6:4-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例1,使用128mg(1mmol)4-氯甲苯,以85%理论值的产率获得标题化合物。
实施例7:4-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例1,使用218mg(1mmol)4-碘甲苯,以91%理论值的产率获得标题化合物。
实施例8:2-萘基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例1,使用207mg(1mmol)2-溴萘,获得200mg标题化合物(理论值的93%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.87-7.79(m,3H),7.75(s,1H),7.51-7.42(m,3H),4.18(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.79(s,2H),1.27(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=171.5,133.4,132.4,131.6,128.1,127.9,127.61,127.58,127.3,126.0,125.7,60.9,41.6,14.2。MS(70eV),m/z(%):215(10),214(57)[M+],141(100),115(31)。IR(NaCl):,2936(m),1734(vs),1601(m),1508(m),1368(m),1258(m),1159(m),1031(s),859(m),818(m),802(m).759(m),742(m)。
实施例9:4-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
先向干燥的舒伦克容器加入171mg(1mmol)4-溴甲苯、1056mg(6.6mmol)丙二酸二乙酯、1.12mg(0.005mmol)Pd(OAc)2、3.19mg(0.011mmol)P(叔丁基)3x HBF4、594mg(2.8mmol)干K3PO4和132mg(0.5mmol)18-冠醚-6。将反应容器排空三次,并充入氮气。随后,160℃下搅拌直至转化完成(8-12小时)。冷却到室温后,用乙酸乙酯将反应混合物进行稀释。将所得溶液依次用各20ml的水、饱和NaHCO3水溶液及饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,用MgSO4进行干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。用硅胶层析纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯),得到4-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯,产率是理论值的75%。
实施例10:4-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
先向干燥的舒伦克容器加入171mg(1mmol)4-溴甲苯、1056mg(6.6mmol)丙二酸二乙酯、2.88mg(0.005mmol)Pd(dba)2、2.22mg(0.011mmol)P(叔丁基)3、594mg(2.8mmol)干K3PO4和132mg(0.5mmol)18-冠醚-6。将反应容器排空三次,并充入氮气。随后,160℃下搅拌直至转化完成(8-12小时)。冷却到室温后,用乙酸乙酯将反应混合物进行稀释。将所得溶液依次用各20ml的水、饱和NaHCO3水溶液及饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,用MgSO4进行干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。用硅胶层析纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯),得到4-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯,产率是理论值的76%。
实施例11:2,6-二甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
先向干燥的舒伦克容器加入185mg(1mmol)2,6-二甲基溴苯、1056mg(6.6mmol)丙二酸二乙酯、2.88mg(0.005mmol)Pd(dba)2、3.19mg(0.011mmol)P(叔丁基)3x HBF4、207mg(1.5mmol)干K2CO3和150mg(1.5mmol)KHCO3。将反应容器排空三次,并充入氮气。随后,160℃下搅拌直至转化完成(8小时)。冷却到室温后,用乙酸乙酯将反应混合物进行稀释。将所得溶液依次用各20ml的水、饱和NaHCO3水溶液及饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,用MgSO4进行干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。用硅胶层析纯化(己烷/乙酸乙酯),得到2,6-二甲基苯基乙酸乙酯,产率为理论值的81%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.11-7.03(m,3H),4.16(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.70(s,2H),2.35(s,6H),1.26(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=171.2,137.1,131.7,128.0,126.9,60.6,35.4,20.2,14.1。MS(70eV),m/z(%):193(9),192(37)[M+],119(100),118(51),91(27)。IR(NaCl):,1734(vs),1589(m),1472(m),1445(m),1327(m),1246(m),1152(s),1031(s),769(m)。
实施例12:2,4,6-三甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例11,使用199mg(1mmol)2,4,6-三甲基溴苯,获得172mg标题化合物(理论值的83%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=6.89(s,2H),4.17(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.7(s,2H),2.33(s,6H),2.29(s,3H),1.27(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=171.4,136.9,136.3,128.8,128.7,60.6,35.0,20.8,20.1,14.1。MS(70eV),m/z(%):207(7),206(42)[M+],133(100),132(39),117(12),105(15),91(14)。IR(NaCl):2919(vs),1734(vs),1613(s),1580(m),1485(m),1445(m),1157(m),1030(s),850(s),783(m)。
实施例13:4-氰基-2-甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例11,使用196mg(1mmol)4-溴-3-甲基苄腈,得到190mg标题化合物(理论值的93%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.49-7.41(m,2H),7.28(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.14(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.65(s,2H),2.33(s,3H),1.23(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=170.1,138.3,133.6,130.9,129.8,118.8,111.1,61.2,39.2,19.4,14.1。MS(70eV),m/z(%):204(9),203(29)[M+],157(19),131(40),130(100),129(20),104(16),103(37),102(12),77(23)。IR(NaCl):,2935(s),2229(vs),1731(vs),1607(m),1569(w),1499(m),1367(s),1334(s),1256(s),1234(s),1216(s),1174(s),1162(s),1030(s),886(w),838(w),808(w),788(w)。C12H13NO2的理论值:H6.45,C70.92,N6.89;试验值:H6.61,C79.63,N6.56。
实施例14:4-苯甲酰基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例11,使用261mg(1mmol)4-溴二苯甲酮,得到255mg标题化合物(理论值的95%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.77(t,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.56(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.16(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.68(s,2H),1.25(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=196.2,170.8,138.8,137.5,136.3,132.3,130.3,129.9,129.2,128.2,61.1,41.3,14.1。MS(70eV),m/z(%):269(25),268(99)[M+],196(44),195(70),192(94),168(100),105(69),89(51),77(51)。IR(KBr):,2935(m),1734(vs),1654(vs),1607(s),1578(m),1446(m),1277(m),1150(m),1029(m),701(s)。
实施例15:4-三氟甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例11,使用223mg(1mmol)4-溴苯并三氟,得到190mg标题化合物(理论值的82%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.59(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.17(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.68(s,2H),1.27(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3):δ=62.6(s,Ar-F)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=170.7,138.1,129.6,129.4(q,2JC-F=32.3Hz),125.4(q,3JC-F=4.0Hz),124.1(q,1JC-F=272.7Hz),61.1,41.0,14.0。MS(70eV),m/z(%):233(7),232(5)[M+],213(14),204(18),160(23),159(100)。IR(KBr):,2938(s),1735(vs),1619(m),1586(w),1420(m),1326(vs),1164(s),1124(s),1067(s),1020(m),823(w)。
实施例16:4-三氟甲基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例15,使用179mg(1mmol)4-氯苯并三氟,得到170mg标题化合物(理论值的73%)。
实施例17:4-乙酰基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例11,使用199mg(1mmol)4-溴苯乙酮,得到150mg标题化合物(理论值的73%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.90(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.14(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.65(s,2H),2.57(s,3H),1.23(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=197.6,170.7,139.4,135.9,129.7,128.5,61.1,41.3,26.6,14.1。MS(70eV),m/z(%):207(10)[M+],191(100),163(21),133(20),118(10),105(35),89(21)。IR(KBr):,1683(s),1607(m),1472(m),1368(m),1269(m),1110(m),1031(m),957(w)。
实施例18:4-乙酰基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例17,使用155mg(1mmol)4-氯苯乙酮,得到180mg标题化合物(理论值的87%)。
实施例19:4-硝基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例11,使用158mg(1mmol)4-氯硝基苯,得到147mg标题化合物(理论值的70%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.18(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.45(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.16(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.17(s,2H),1.25(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=170.1,147.1,141.4,130.2,123.7,61.4,41.0,14.1。MS(70eV),m/z(%):210(29),209(20)[M+],137(100),136(72),107(99),106(41),91(21),89(94),78(90)。IR(KBr):,1734(vs),1604(m),1521(s),1348(m),1223(m),1174(m),1030(m),859(m),807(m),718(m)。
实施例20:4-乙氧基羰基苯基乙酸乙酯
类似于实施例11,使用185mg(1mmol)4-氯苯甲酸乙酯,得到208mg标题化合物(理论值的87%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.01(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.37(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.16(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.67(s,2H),1.39(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),1.25(t,J=8.0Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3):δ=170.8,166.3,139.1,129.7,129.2,61.0,60.9,41.3,14.3,14.1。MS(70eV),m/z(%):237(15),236(5)[M+],208(11),191(39),180(13),163(100),149(18),136(25),135(47),119(13),118(18),107(40),91(24),90(28),89(35),77(13)。IR(NaCl): ,2938(m),1735(vs),1718(vs),1612(m),1368(m),1277(s),1106(m),1032(s)。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于制备式(III)化合物的方法,
其中,
Ar为
其中,
R1、R2、R3、R4和R5相同或不同,且各自独立地为氢、氨基、氰基、硝基、卤素、任选地卤素取代的C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-硫代烷基、苯硫基、C1-C6-烷氧基、C6-C10-芳氧基、苯基、–CO-C6-C10-芳基、–CO-C1-C3-烷基、–COO-C1-C6-烷基或–COO-C6-C10-芳基,
Ar基团另外也可为杂芳基,或
Ar基团也可为1-或2-萘基,
且
R6和R7各自独立地为任选地取代的C1-C8-烷基、苯基、芳基或NR8R9,
其中R8和R9为相同或不同,且各自独立地为C1-C4-烷基、或苯基,其中苯基任选地被任选的氟-或氯取代的C1-C3-烷基、被硝基、氰基或二-C1-C3-烷基氨基取代,或与其所连接的氮原子一起成饱和或不饱和、取代的或未被取代的环,
其特征在于,
在钯催化剂、膦配体及
A)无机碱和相转移催化剂,
或
B)无机碱混合物存在下,不使用碳酸铯或碳酸氢铯,任选地使用有机溶剂,
将式(I)的芳基或杂芳基卤化物与式(II)的丙二酸酯反应,
Ar-Hal (I)
其中
Hal为氯、溴或碘,且
Ar如上述所定义,
其中
R6和R7各自如上述所定义。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其中,Ar为1-萘基、2-萘基、苯基、4-N,N-二甲氨基苯基、4-甲硫基苯基、4-甲氧基苯基、4-乙氧基苯基、3-甲氧基苯基、2-甲氧基苯基、2-甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲基苯基、4-氟苯基、3-氟苯基、2-氟苯基、2-乙基苯基、4-乙氧基羰基苯基、3-噻吩基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其中,Ar为2,6-二甲基苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、4-氰基苯基、4-氰基-2-甲基苯基、3-氰基苯基、4-乙氧基羰基苯基、4-三氟甲基苯基、4-乙酰基苯基、4-硝基苯基、4-苯甲酰基苯基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其中,R6和R7各自为乙基。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其特征在于,使用的钯催化剂为双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯或乙酸钯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其特征在于,使用的膦配体为三(叔丁基)膦。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其特征在于,方法步骤A)中使用的碱为磷酸钾。
11.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其特征在于,方法步骤B)中使用的碱为碳酸钾和碳酸氢钾的混合物。
14.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其特征在于,使用的相转移催化剂为18-冠醚-6。
15.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其特征在于,使用过量的式(II)丙二酸酯作为溶剂。
16.根据权利要求1所述的制备式(III)化合物的方法,其特征在于,在100℃-180℃下进行。
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