CN103540325B - 液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示元件 - Google Patents
液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示元件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103540325B CN103540325B CN201310293727.9A CN201310293727A CN103540325B CN 103540325 B CN103540325 B CN 103540325B CN 201310293727 A CN201310293727 A CN 201310293727A CN 103540325 B CN103540325 B CN 103540325B
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- compound
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- aligning agent
- nitrogen
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Abstract
本发明涉及液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示元件。一种液晶配向剂,其包含由二胺组分(a)及四羧酸二酐组分(b)反应所制得的聚合物组成物(A)、溶剂(B),及羟基化合物(C),其中,该羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为300至1,000,000。该液晶配向剂具有较佳的UV稳定性。此外,本发明还提供一种由上述液晶配向剂所形成的液晶配向膜,以及一种具有高电压保持率及低离子密度且包含上述液晶配向膜的液晶显示元件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液晶配向剂,特别提供一种包含羟基化合物的液晶配向剂、一种由该液晶配向剂所形成的液晶配向膜及一种包含该液晶配向膜的液晶显示元件。
背景技术
由于消费者对液晶显示器的广视角特性的要求逐年提升,使得液晶显示元件需朝向高性能化的发展,继而对其液晶配向性、电压保持率、离子密度、影像残留等电性或显示质量的要求比以往更为严苛:除了必须具有良好的初期特性,更要求能够在严苛环境下长期使用,尤其以具备良好的电压保持率及离子密度为主要考量。当液晶显示元件的电压保持率降低时,显示质量无法充分满足高对比、高穿透度等需求,而当离子密度提高时,则容易发生如残影产生等问题。
WO2008/078796国际专利公开申请公开一种具有高电压保持率及低离子密度的液晶配向膜,以及一种用来制备液晶配向膜的氮-取代二胺系(N-substituted diamine)化合物,该氮-取代二胺系化合物的结构如下式所示:
其中,Ra1表示C1至C5亚烷基,Ra2、Ra3为氢或C1至C4烷基,且其中至少一者为C1至C4烷基。通过使用该氮-取代二胺系化合物,所制得的配向膜可改善以往液晶显示元件的电压保持率不佳及离子密度过高而造成显示质量下降的问题。但是,该包含氮-取代二胺系化合物所形成的液晶配向膜经UV照射一段时间后,仍会产生电压保持率逐渐下降且离子密度上升的情形,造成液晶显示器发生对比低下、残影产生等问题。
由上述可知,为了符合目前液晶显示器业者的要求,如何能提供一种具有较佳UV稳定性的液晶配向剂,使其所形成的液晶配向膜应用于液晶显示元件时,在UV长期照射下仍得以维持高电压保持率及低离子密度,为本技术领域者努力研究的目标。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种液晶配向剂。
于是,本发明液晶配向剂包含由二胺组分(a)及四羧酸二酐组分(b)反应所制得的聚合物组成物(A)、溶剂(B),及羟基化合物(C),其中,该羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为300至1,000,000。
本发明液晶配向剂,所述羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为500至900,000。
本发明液晶配向剂,所述羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为700至800,000。
本发明液晶配向剂,基于所述聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,所述羟基化合物(C)的使用量范围为1至15重量份。
本发明液晶配向剂,基于所述聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,所述羟基化合物(C)的使用量范围为2至12重量份。
本发明液晶配向剂,基于所述聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,所述羟基化合物(C)的使用量范围为3至10重量份。
本发明的第二目的,在于提供一种液晶配向膜。
于是,本发明液晶配向膜由上所述的液晶配向剂所形成。本发明的第三目的,在于提供一种经UV照射后可以维持高电压保持率及低离子密度的液晶显示元件。于是,本发明液晶显示元件包含如上所述的液晶配向膜。本发明的有益效果在于:通过使用含有特定分子量范围的羟基化合物(C),可使该液晶配向剂具有较佳的UV稳定性,且由其所形成的液晶配向膜应用于制作液晶显示元件时,可让液晶显示元件在UV长期照射下具有较佳的电压保持率及低离子密度。
附图说明
图1是示意图,说明本发明液晶显示元件的较佳实施例的结构。
具体实施方式
本发明液晶配向剂包含由二胺组分(a)及四羧酸二酐组分(b)反应所制得的聚合物组成物(A)、溶剂(B),及羟基化合物(C),其中,该羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为300至1,000,000。
若该液晶配向剂不包含重量平均分子量范围为300至1,000,000的羟基化合物,该液晶配向剂所形成的配向膜在长期于UV环境下使用时,其所制得的液晶显示元件将会有电压保持率严重下降及离子密度过高等缺点。较佳地,该羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为500至900,000。更佳地,该羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为700至800,000。
较佳地,基于该聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,该羟基化合物(C)的使用量范围为1至15重量份。又较佳地,基于该聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,该羟基化合物(C)的使用量范围为2至12重量份。更佳地,基于该聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,该羟基化合物(C)的使用量范围为3至10重量份。
以下将逐一对该液晶配向剂中的各个成分进行详细说明:
[液晶配向剂]
[聚合物组成物(A)]
聚合物组成物(A),由二胺组分(a)及四羧酸二酐组分(b)反应所制得。
较佳地,该聚合物组成物(A)选自聚酰胺酸聚合物、聚酰亚胺聚合物、聚酰亚胺系嵌段共聚物,或前述组合。其中,聚酰亚胺系嵌段共聚物选自聚酰胺酸嵌段共聚物、聚酰亚胺嵌段共聚物、聚酰胺酸-聚酰亚胺嵌段共聚物,或其中的组合。
聚酰胺酸聚合物、聚酰亚胺聚合物及聚酰亚胺系嵌段共聚物均可由二胺组分(a)及四羧酸二酐组分(b)反应所得。
<二胺组分(a)>
该二胺组分(a)选自(1)脂肪族二胺化合物、(2)脂环族二胺化合物、(3)芳香族二胺化合物,或(4)具有结构式(I-1)至(I-17)的二胺化合物等,且上述的二胺组分(a)可以单独一种使用或者混合多种使用。
(1)脂肪族二胺化合物包含但不限于1,2-二氨基乙烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,5-二氨基戊烷、1,6-二氨基己烷、1,7-二氨基庚烷、1,8-二氨基辛烷、1,9-二氨基壬烷、1,10-二氨基癸烷、4,4’-二氨基庚烷、1,3-二氨基-2,2-二甲基丙烷、1,6-二氨基-2,5-二甲基己烷、1,7-二氨基-2,5-二甲基庚烷、1,7-二氨基-4,4-二甲基庚烷、1,7-二氨基-3-甲基庚烷、1,9-二氨基-5-甲基壬烷、2,11-二氨基十二烷、1,12-二氨基十八烷、1,2-双(3-氨基丙氧基)乙烷等。
(2)脂环族二胺化合物包含但不限于4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基-3,3’-二甲基二环己基胺、1,3-二氨基环己烷、1,4-二氨基环己烷、异佛尔酮二胺、四氢二环戊二烯二胺、三环[6·2·1·02,7]-十一碳烯二甲基二胺、4,4’-亚甲基双(环己基胺)等。
(3)芳香族二胺化合物包含但不限于4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷(以下简称a-5)、4,4’-二氨基二苯基乙烷、4,4’-二氨基二苯基砜、4,4’-二氨基苯甲酰苯胺、4,4’-二氨基二苯基醚(以下简称a-6)、3,4’-二氨基二苯基醚、1,5-二氨基萘、5-氨基-1-(4’-氨基苯基)-1,3,3-三甲基氢茚、6-氨基-1-(4’-氨基苯基)-1,3,3-三甲基氢茚、六氢-4,7-甲桥亚氢茚基二亚甲基二胺、3,3’-二氨基二苯甲酮、3,4’-二氨基二苯甲酮、4,4’-二氨基二苯甲酮、2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷、2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]六氟丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜、1,4-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯、1,3-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯、1,3-双(3-氨基苯氧基)苯、9,9-双(4-氨基苯基)-10-氢蒽、9,10-双(4-氨基苯基)蒽[9,10-bis(4-aminophenyl)anthracene]、2,7-二氨基茀、9,9-双(4-氨基苯基)茀、4,4’-亚甲基-双(2-氯苯胺)、4,4’-(对-亚苯基异亚丙基)双苯胺、4,4’-(间-亚苯基异亚丙基)双苯胺、2,2’-双[4-(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯基]六氟丙烷、4,4’-双[(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基)苯氧基]-八氟联苯、5-[4-(4-正戊烷基环己基)环己基]苯基-亚甲基-1,3-二氨基苯{5-[4-(4-n-pentylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]phenylmethylene-1,3-diaminobenzene}(以下简称a-3)、1,1-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]-4-(4-乙基苯基)环己烷{1,1-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-4-(4-ethylphenyl)cyclohexane}(以下简称a-2)等。
(4)具有结构式(I-1)至(I-16)的二胺化合物详细叙述如下:
在式(I-1)中,R1表示-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-,或-CO-;R11表示含有甾类(类固醇)骨架、三氟甲基、氟基、C2至C30的烷基,或衍生自吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、哌啶,及哌嗪等含氮原子环状结构的一价基团。较佳地,该式(I-1)所示的二胺化合物选自2,4-二氨基苯基甲酸乙酯(2,4-diaminophenyl ethylformate)、3,5-二氨基苯基甲酸乙酯(3,5-diaminophenyl ethylformate)、2,4-二氨基苯基甲酸丙酯(2,4-diaminophenyl propylformate)、3,5-二氨基苯基甲酸丙酯(3,5-diaminophenyl propylformate)、1-十二烷氧基-2,4-氨基苯(1-dodecoxy-2,4-aminobenzene)、1-十六烷氧基-2,4-氨基苯(1-hexadecoxy-2,4-aminobenzene)、1-十八烷氧基-2,4-氨基苯(1-octadecoxy-2,4-aminobenzene)、
在式(I-2)中,R2表示-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NHCO-、-CONH-,或-CO-;R21及R22表示亚脂肪族环、亚芳香族环,或杂环基团;R23表示C3至C18的烷基、C3至C18的烷氧基、C1至C5的氟烷基、C1至C5的氟烷氧基、氰基,或卤素原子。较佳地,该式(I-2)所示的二胺化合物选自
v表示3至12的整数、
v表示3至12的整数、
v表示3至12的整数、
v表示3至12的整数。
在式(I-3)中,R3表示氢、C1至C5的酰基、C1至C5的烷基、C1至C5的烷氧基,或卤素,且每个重复单元中的R3可为相同或不同;n为1至3的整数。较佳地,该式(I-3)所示的二胺化合物选自(1)n为1:对苯二胺(以下简称a-4)、间苯二胺、邻苯二胺、2,5-二氨基甲苯等;(2)n为2:4,4’-二氨基联苯、2,2’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、3,3’-二甲氧基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、2,2’-二氯-4,4’-二氨基联苯、3,3’-二氯-4,4’-二氨基联苯、2,2’,5,5’-四氯-4,4’-二氨基联苯、2,2’-二氯-4,4’-二氨基-5,5’-二甲氧基联苯、4,4’-二氨基-2,2’-双(三氟甲基)联苯等;(3)n为3:1,4-双(4’-氨基苯基)苯等。更佳地,该式(I-3)选自对苯二胺、2,5-二氨基甲苯、4,4’-二氨基联苯、3,3’-二甲氧基-4,4’-二氨基联苯、1,4-双(4’-氨基苯基)苯。
在式(I-4)中,t为2至12的整数。
在式(I-5)中,u为1至5的整数。较佳地,该式(I-5)所示的二胺化合物选自4,4’-二氨基二苯基硫醚。
在式(I-6)中,R4及R42为相同或不同,且分别地表示二价有机基团;R41表示衍生自吡啶、嘧啶、三嗪、哌啶,及哌嗪等含氮原子环状结构的二价基团。
在式(I-7)中,R5、R51、R52及R53为相同或不同,且表示C1至C12的烃基;p为1至3的整数;q为1至20的整数。
在式(I-8)中,R6表示-O-,或亚环己烷基;R61表示-CH2-;R62表示亚苯基,或亚环己烷基;R63表示氢,或庚基。较佳地,该式(I-8)所示的二胺化合物选自
式(I-9)至式(I-16)所示的二胺化合物如下:
较佳地,该二胺组分(a)包含但不限于1,2-二氨基乙烷、4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4’-二氨基二苯基醚、5-[4-(4-正戊烷基环己基)环己基]苯基亚甲基-1,3-二氨基苯、1,1-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]-4-(4-乙基苯基)环己烷、2,4-二氨基苯基甲酸乙酯、式(I-1-1)、式(I-1-2)、式(I-2-1)、式(I-2-11)、对苯二胺、间苯二胺、邻苯二胺、式(I-8-1)所表示的化合物。
<四羧酸二酐组分(b)>
所述四羧酸二酐组分(b)指的是该组分包含至少一种四羧酸二酐化合物。
该四羧酸二酐组分(b)中的四羧酸二酐化合物选自(1)脂肪族四羧酸二酐化合物、(2)脂环族四羧酸二酐化合物、(3)芳香族四羧酸二酐化合物,或(4)具有结构式(II-1)至(II-6)的四羧酸二酐化合物等,且上述的四羧酸二酐化合物可以单独一种使用或者混合多种使用。
(1)脂肪族四羧酸二酐化合物包含但不限于乙烷四羧酸二酐、丁烷四羧酸二酐等。
(2)脂环族四羧酸二酐化合物包含但不限于1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,3-二甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,3-二氯-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-四甲基-1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-环戊烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,4,5-环己烷四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二环己基四羧酸二酐、顺-3,7-二丁基环庚基-1,5-二烯-1,2,5,6-四羧酸二酐、2,3,5-三羧基环戊基醋酸二酐、二环[2·2·2]-辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐等;
(3)芳香族四羧酸二酐化合物包含但不限于3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-琥珀酸二酐、苯均四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-联苯砜四羧酸二酐、1,4,5,8-萘四羧酸二酐、2,3,6,7-萘四羧酸二酐、3,3’-4,4’-二苯基乙烷四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二甲基二苯基硅烷四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-四苯基硅烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-呋喃四羧酸二酐、4,4’-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)二苯硫醚二酐、4,4’-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)二苯砜二酐、4,4’-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)二苯丙烷二酐、3,3’,4,4’-全氟异亚丙基二苯二酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯基四羧酸二酐、双(苯二酸)苯膦氧化物二酐、对-亚苯基-双(三苯基苯二酸)二酐、间-亚苯基-双(三苯基苯二酸)二酐、双(三苯基苯二酸)-4,4’-二苯基醚二酐、双(三苯基苯二酸)-4,4’-二苯基甲烷二酐、乙二醇-双(脱水偏苯三酸酯)、丙二醇-双(脱水偏苯三酸酯)、1,4-丁二醇-双(脱水偏苯三酸酯)、1,6-己二醇-双(脱水偏苯三酸酯)、1,8-辛二醇-双(脱水偏苯三酸酯)、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷-双(脱水偏苯三酸酯)、2,3,4,5-四氢呋喃四羧酸二酐、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-5-(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)-萘并[1,2-c]-呋喃-1,3-二酮{(1,3,3a,4,5,9b-Hexahydro-5-(tetrahydro-2,5-dioxofuran-3-yl)naphtho[1,2-c]furan-1,3-dione)}、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-5-甲基-5-(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)-萘并[1,2-c]-呋喃-1,3-二酮、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-5-乙基-5-(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)-萘并[1,2-c]-呋喃-1,3-二酮、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-7-甲基-5-(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)-萘并[1,2-c]-呋喃-1,3-二酮、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-7-乙基-5-(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)-萘并[1,2-c]-呋喃-1,3-二酮、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-8-甲基-5-(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)-萘并[1,2-c]-呋喃-1,3-二酮、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-8-乙基-5-(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)-萘并[1,2-c]-呋喃-1,3-二酮、1,3,3a,4,5,9b-六氢-5,8-二甲基-5-(四氢-2,5-二氧代-3-呋喃基)-萘并[1,2-c]-呋喃-1,3-二酮、5-(2,5-二氧代四氢呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸二酐等;
(4)具有结构式(II-1)至(II-6)的四羧酸二酐化合物详细叙述如下:
在式(II-5)中,X7表示含有芳香环的二价基团;n表示1至2的整数;X71及X72为相同或不同,且分别地表示氢或烷基。较佳地,式(II-5)所示的四羧酸二酐化合物选自
在式(II-6)中,X8表示含有芳香环的二价基团;X81及X82为相同或不同,且分别地表示氢或烷基。较佳地,式(II-6)所示的四羧酸二酐化合物选自
较佳地,该四羧酸二酐化合物包含但不限于1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐、1,2,3,4-环戊烷四羧酸二酐、2,3,5-三羧基环戊基醋酸二酐、1,2,4,5-环己烷四羧酸二酐、3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-琥珀酸二酐、苯均四羧酸二酐、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐,以及3,3’,4,4’-联苯砜四羧酸二酐。
<聚酰胺酸聚合物>
该聚酰胺酸聚合物制备的方法包含以下步骤:将包括二胺组分(a)与四羧酸二酐组分(b)的混合物溶于溶剂中,在0℃至100℃的温度条件下进行缩聚反应并反应1小时至24小时,接着再将上述的反应溶液以蒸发器进行减压蒸馏方式,即可得到聚酰胺酸聚合物,或者将上述的反应溶液倒入大量的不良溶剂中,得到析出物,接着经由减压干燥方式将该析出物进行干燥处理,即可得到聚酰胺酸聚合物。
较佳地,基于该二胺组分(a)的总摩尔数为100摩尔,该四羧酸二酐组分(b)的使用量范围为20摩尔至200摩尔;更佳地,该四羧酸二酐组分(b)的使用量范围为30摩尔至120摩尔。
该用于缩聚反应中的溶剂可与该液晶配向剂中的溶剂相同或不同,且该用于缩聚反应中的溶剂并无特别的限制,只要是可溶解反应物与生成物即可。较佳地,该溶剂包含但不限于(1)非质子系极性溶剂:氮-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、氮,氮-二甲基乙酰胺、氮,氮-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、γ-丁内酯、四甲基脲、六甲基磷酸三胺等;(2)酚系溶剂:间-甲酚、二甲苯酚、酚、卤化酚类等。较佳地,基于该混合物的总使用量为100重量份,该用于缩聚反应中的溶剂的使用量范围为200重量份至2000重量份;更佳地,该用于缩聚反应中的溶剂的使用量范围为300重量份至1800重量份。
特别地,在该缩聚反应中,该溶剂可并用适量的不良溶剂,只要不让该聚酰胺酸聚合物析出即可。该不良溶剂可以单独一种使用或者混合多种使用,且其包含但不限于(1)醇类:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、环己醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、三乙二醇等;(2)酮类:丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮等;(3)酯类:醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、草酸二乙酯、丙二酸二乙酯、乙二醇乙基醚醋酸酯等;(4)醚类:二乙基醚、乙二醇甲基醚、乙二醇乙基醚、乙二醇正丙基醚、乙二醇异丙基醚、乙二醇正丁基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇二甲基醚等;(5)卤化烃类:二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,4-二氯丁烷、三氯乙烷、氯苯、邻-二氯苯等;(6)烃类:四氢呋喃、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等;或(7)上述的组合。较佳地,基于二胺组分(a)的使用量为100重量份,该不良溶剂的用量范围为0重量份至60重量份;更佳地,该不良溶剂用量范围为0重量份至50重量份。
<聚酰亚胺聚合物>
该聚酰亚胺聚合物的制备方法包含将包括二胺组分(a)与四羧酸二酐组分(b)的混合物溶解在溶剂中,进行聚合反应形成聚酰胺酸聚合物,并在脱水剂及催化剂的存在下,进一步加热并进行脱水闭环反应,使得该聚酰胺酸聚合物中的酰胺酸官能团经由脱水闭环反应转变成酰亚胺官能团(即酰亚胺化),而得到聚酰亚胺聚合物。
该用于脱水闭环反应中的溶剂可与该液晶配向剂中的溶剂相同,所以不再赘述。较佳的,基于聚酰胺酸聚合物的使用量为100重量份,该用于脱水闭环反应中的溶剂的使用量范围为200重量份至2,000重量份;更佳地,该用于脱水闭环反应中的溶剂的使用量范围为300重量份至1,800重量份。
当该脱水闭环反应的操作温度低于40℃时,将致使反应不完全,导致该聚酰胺酸聚合物的酰亚胺化程度变低;然而,该脱水闭环反应的操作温度高于200℃时,所得的聚酰亚胺聚合物的重量平均分子量偏低。因此,为获得较佳的聚酰胺酸聚合物的酰亚胺化程度,较佳地,该脱水闭环反应的操作温度范围为40℃至200℃;更佳地,该脱水闭环反应的操作温度范围为40℃至150℃。
用于脱水闭环反应中的脱水剂选自(1)酸酐类化合物:醋酸酐、丙酸酐、三氟醋酸酐等。基于该聚酰胺酸聚合物为1摩尔,该脱水剂的使用量范围为0.01摩尔至20摩尔。该用于脱水闭环反应中的催化剂选自(1)吡啶类化合物:吡啶、三甲基吡啶、二甲基吡啶等;(2)叔胺类化合物:三乙基胺等。基于该脱水剂为1摩尔,该催化剂的使用量范围为0.5摩尔至10摩尔。
<聚酰亚胺系嵌段共聚物>
该聚酰亚胺系嵌段共聚物选自聚酰胺酸嵌段共聚物、聚酰亚胺嵌段共聚物、聚酰胺酸-聚酰亚胺嵌段共聚物,或前述组合。
较佳地,该聚酰亚胺系嵌段共聚物的制备方法包含的步骤为:将起始物溶于溶剂中,并进行缩聚反应而得,其中,该起始物包括至少一如上所述的聚酰胺酸聚合物和/或至少一如上所述的聚酰亚胺聚合物,且进一步地还可包括二胺组分及四羧酸二酐组分。
该起始物中的二胺组分与四羧酸二酐组分与上述制备聚酰胺酸聚合物中所使用的二胺组分(a)与四羧酸二酐组分(b)相同,且该用于缩聚反应中的溶剂可与该液晶配向剂中的溶剂相同,所以不再赘述。
较佳地,基于该起始物的使用量为100重量份,该用于缩聚反应中的溶剂的使用量范围为200重量份至2000重量份;更佳地,该用于缩聚反应中的溶剂的使用量范围为300重量份至1800重量份。较佳地,该缩聚反应的操作温度范围为0℃至200℃;更佳地,该缩聚反应的操作温度范围0℃至100℃。
较佳地,该起始物包含但不限于(1)两种末端基不同且构造不同的聚酰胺酸聚合物;(2)两种末端基不同且构造不同的聚酰亚胺聚合物;(3)末端基不同且构造不同的聚酰胺酸聚合物,及聚酰亚胺聚合物;(4)聚酰胺酸聚合物、四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分,其中,该四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分中的至少一种与形成聚酰胺酸聚合物所使用的四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分构造不同;(5)聚酰亚胺聚合物、四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分,其中,该四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分至少一种与形成聚酰亚胺聚合物所使用的四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分构造不同;(6)聚酰胺酸聚合物、聚酰亚胺聚合物、四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分,其中,该四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分至少一种与形成聚酰胺酸聚合物及聚酰亚胺聚合物所使用的四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分构造不同;(7)两种构造不同的聚酰胺酸聚合物、四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分;(8)两种构造不同的聚酰亚胺聚合物、四羧酸二酐组分及二胺组分;(9)两种末端基为酸酐基且构造不同的聚酰胺酸聚合物,及二胺组分;(10)两种末端基为胺基且构造不同的聚酰胺酸聚合物,及四羧酸二酐类组分;(11)两种末端基为酸酐基且构造不同的聚酰亚胺聚合物,及二胺类组分;(12)两种末端基为胺基且构造不同的聚酰亚胺聚合物,及四羧酸二酐组分。
在不影响本发明的功效范围内,较佳地,该聚酰胺酸聚合物、该聚酰亚胺聚合物,及该聚酰亚胺系嵌段共聚物可以是先进行分子量调节后的末端修饰型聚合物,通过使用末端修饰型的聚合物,可改善该液晶配向剂的涂布性能。该末端修饰型聚合物的制造方式,可通过在该聚酰胺酸聚合物进行缩聚反应的同时,加入单官能性化合物而制得,该单官能性化合物包含但不限于(1)一元酸酐:马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、衣康酸酐、正癸基琥珀酸酐、正十二烷基琥珀酸酐、正十四烷基琥珀酸酐、正十六烷基琥珀酸酐等;(2)单胺化合物:苯胺、环己胺、正丁胺、正戊胺、正己胺、正庚胺、正辛胺、正壬胺、正癸胺、正十一烷胺、正十二烷胺、正十三烷胺、正十四烷胺、正十五烷胺、正十六烷胺、正十七烷胺、正十八烷胺、正二十烷胺等;(3)单异氰酸酯化合物:异氰酸苯酯、异氰酸萘基酯等。
[溶剂(B)]
较佳地,该液晶配向剂中所使用的溶剂选自氮-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、γ-丁内酯、γ-丁内酰胺、4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、乙二醇单甲基醚、乳酸丁酯、乙酸丁酯、甲氧基丙酸甲酯、乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙二醇甲基醚、乙二醇乙基醚、乙二醇正丙基醚、乙二醇异丙基醚、乙二醇正丁基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇乙基醚乙酸酯、二甘醇二甲基醚、二甘醇二乙基醚、二甘醇单甲基醚、二甘醇单乙基醚、二甘醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、二甘醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、氮,氮-二甲基甲酰胺、氮,氮-二甲基乙酰胺。该溶剂可以单独一种使用或者混合多种使用。
[羟基化合物(C)]
本发明的羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为300至1,000,000。当羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围小于300或大于1,000,000时,所制得的液晶配向剂所形成的配向膜用于液晶显示元件时,经UV照射后会有电压保持率严重下降及离子密度过高等缺点。
较佳地,该羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为500至900,000。更佳地,该羟基化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为700至800,000。
适用于本发明的羟基化合物(C)市售产品包含但不限于:三洋化成制造的PEG-300、PEG-400、PEG-600、PEG-1000、PEG-1500、PEG-2000、PEG-4000N、PEG-4000S、PEG-6000E、PEG-6000P、PEG-10000、PEG-13000、PEG-20000,及PEG-20000P;Merck制造的PEG300、PEG1000、PEG2000、PEG4000、PEG6000、PEG8000、PEG10000、PEG12000、PEG20000,及PEG35000;SIGMA-ALDRICH制造的P2139、P3265、P3515、81210、81240、81260、81285、81310、181986、181994、182001、182028、189456、202304、202312、202320、202339、202398、202421、202436、202444、202452、295906、309028、372773、372781、373001、412325、435406、435422、435457、637726,及BioXtra;中日合成化学制造的SINOPOLPEG600、SINOPOL PEG1500,及SINOPOL PEG4000;LION制造的PEG#300、PEG#400、PEG#600、PEG#1000、PEG#1500、PEG#1540、PEG#4000,及PEG#6000M。
较佳地,基于(A)为100重量份,该羟基化合物(C)的使用量为1至15重量份。当该羟基化合物(C)的使用量为1至15重量份时,运用该液晶配向剂的液晶显示元件经UV照射后具有高电压保持率。
又较佳地,基于(A)为100重量份,羟基化合物(C)的使用量为2至12重量份。更佳地,基于(A)为100重量份,羟基化合物(C)的使用量为3至10重量份。
[添加剂(D)]
在不影响本发明的功效范围内,该液晶配向剂还可添加添加剂(D),且该添加剂(D)为环氧化合物或具有官能性基团的硅烷化合物等。该添加剂(D)的作用是用来提高该液晶配向膜与基板表面的附着性。该添加剂(D)可以单独一种使用或者混合多种使用。
该具有官能性基团的硅烷化合物包含但不限于3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、2-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、2-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氮-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氮-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、3-脲基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane)、3-脲基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氮-乙氧基羰基-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氮-乙氧基羰基-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氮-三乙氧基硅烷基丙基三亚乙三胺、氮-三甲氧基硅烷基丙基三亚乙三胺、10-三甲氧基硅烷基-1,4,7-三氮杂癸烷、10-三乙氧基硅烷基-1,4,7-三氮杂癸烷、9-三甲氧基硅烷基-3,6-二氮杂壬基醋酸酯、9-三乙氧基硅烷基-3,6-二氮杂壬基醋酸酯、氮-苯甲基-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氮-苯甲基-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氮-苯基-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氮-苯基-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氮-双(氧化乙烯)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氮-双(氧化乙烯)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷等。
该环氧化合物包含但不限于乙二醇二环氧丙基醚、聚乙二醇二环氧丙基醚、丙二醇二环氧丙基醚、三丙二醇二环氧丙基醚、聚丙二醇二环氧丙基醚、新戊二醇二环氧丙基醚、1,6-己二醇二环氧丙基醚、丙三醇二环氧丙基醚、2,2-二溴新戊二醇二环氧丙基醚、1,3,5,6-四环氧丙基-2,4-己二醇、氮,氮,氮’,氮’-四环氧丙基-间-二甲苯二胺、1,3-双(氮,氮-二环氧丙基氨基甲基)环己烷、氮,氮,氮’,氮’-四环氧丙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、氮,氮-环氧丙基-对-环氧丙氧基苯胺、3-(氮-烯丙基-氮-环氧丙基)氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(氮,氮-二环氧丙基)氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等。
该液晶配向剂的制备方法并无特别的限制,可采用一般的混合方法,如先将聚酰胺酸聚合物、聚酰亚胺聚合物,或选择性地添加聚酰亚胺系嵌段共聚物混合均匀,形成聚合物组成物(A),接着,再将该聚合物组成物(A)在温度为0℃至200℃的条件下加入溶剂(B)及羟基化合物(C),并可选择性地添加该添加剂(D),以搅拌装置持续搅拌至溶解即可。较佳地,在20℃至60℃的条件下,将该溶剂及羟基化合物(C)添加至该聚合物组成物中。
为了使该液晶配向剂具有较佳的印刷性,较佳地,基于该聚合物组成物的总使用量为100重量份,该溶剂的使用量范围为1,000重量份至2,000重量份;更佳地,该溶剂的使用量范围为1200重量份至2000重量份。
较佳地,基于该聚合物组成物的总使用量为100重量份,该添加剂的使用量范围为0.5重量份至50重量份;更佳地,该添加剂的使用量范围为1重量份至45重量份。
[液晶配向膜]
该液晶配向膜的形成方式包含的步骤为:将上述的液晶配向剂利用辊涂布法、旋转涂布法、印刷法、喷墨法(ink-jet)等方法,涂布在基材的表面上,形成预涂层,接着将该预涂层经过预烤处理(pre-bake treatment)、后烤处理(post-bake treatment)及配向处理(alignment treatment)而制得。
该预烤处理目的在于使该预涂层中的有机溶剂挥发。较佳地,该预烤处理的操作温度范围为30℃至120℃,更佳地为40℃至110℃,又更佳地为50℃至100℃。
该配向处理并无特别的限制,可采用尼龙、人造丝、棉类等纤维所做成的布料缠绕在滚筒上,以一定方向磨擦进行配向。上述配向处理为本技术领域者所周知,因此不再多加赘述。
后烤处理步骤目的在于使该预涂层中的聚合物再进一步进行脱水闭环(酰亚胺化)反应。较佳地,该后烤处理的操作温度范围为150℃至300℃,又较佳地为180℃至280℃,更佳地为200℃至250℃。
[液晶显示元件]
该液晶显示元件的制作方式为本技术领域者所周知,因此,以下仅简单地进行陈述。
参阅图1,本发明液晶显示元件的较佳实施例包含第一单元11、与第一单元间隔相对的第二单元12,及夹置在该第一单元11与第二单元12间的液晶单元13。
该第一单元11包括第一基板111、形成于该第一基板111表面的第一导电膜112,及形成在该第一导电膜112表面的第一液晶配向膜113。
该第二单元12包括第二基板121、形成于该第二基板121表面的第二导电膜122,及形成在该第二导电膜122表面的第二液晶配向膜123。
该第一基板111与第二基板121选自透明材料等,其中,该透明材料包含但不限于用于液晶显示装置的无碱玻璃、钠钙玻璃、硬质玻璃(派勒斯玻璃)、石英玻璃、聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯、聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯、聚醚砜、聚碳酸酯等。该第一导电膜112与第二导电膜122的材质选自氧化锡(SnO2)、氧化铟-氧化锡(In2O3-SnO2)等。
该第一液晶配向膜113及第二液晶配向膜123分别为上述的液晶配向膜,其作用在于使该液晶单元13形成预倾角,且该液晶单元13可被该第一导电膜112与第二导电膜122配合产生的电场驱动。
该液晶单元13所使用的液晶可单独或混合使用,该液晶包含但不限于二氨基苯类液晶、哒嗪(pyridazine)类液晶、希夫氏碱(schiff Base)类液晶、氧化偶氮基(azoxy)类液晶、联苯类液晶、苯基环己烷类液晶、联苯(biphenyl)类液晶、苯基环己烷(phenylcyclohexane)类液晶、酯(ester)类液晶、三联苯(terphenyl)、联苯环己烷(biphenylcyclohexane)类液晶、嘧啶(pyrimidine)类液晶、二氧六环(dioxane)类液晶、双环辛烷(bicyclooctane)类液晶、立方烷(cubane)类液晶等,且可视需求再添加如氯化胆甾醇(cholesteryl chloride)、胆甾醇壬酸酯(cholesteryl nonanoate)、胆甾醇碳酸酯(cholesteryl carbonate)等的胆甾醇型液晶,或是商品名“C-15”、“CB-15”(默克公司制造)的手性(chiral)剂等,或者是对癸氧基苯亚甲基-对氨基-2-甲基丁基肉桂酸酯等强铁电性(ferroelectric)类液晶。
本发明将就以下实施例来作进一步说明,但应了解的是,所述实施例仅为例示说明用,而不应被解释为本发明实施的限制。
<实施例>
[聚酰胺酸聚合物的制备]
<合成例1>
在容积500毫升的四颈锥瓶上设置氮气入口、搅拌器、冷凝管及温度计,并导入氮气,加入进料组成物包括:1.69克(0.003摩尔)的式(I-2-1)化合物(以下简称a-1)、5.02克(0.047摩尔)的对苯二胺(以下简称a-4),以及80克的氮-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(以下简称NMP),在室温下搅拌至溶解。再加入10.91克(0.05摩尔)的苯均四羧酸二酐(以下简称b-1)及20克的NMP,在室温下反应2小时,反应结束后,将反应溶液倒入1500毫升水中将聚合物析出,过滤所得的聚合物重复以甲醇清洗及过滤三次,置入真空烘箱中,以温度60℃进行干燥后,即可得聚酰胺酸聚合物(A-1-1)。<合成例2至3>
合成例2至3以与合成例1相同的步骤分别制备该聚酰胺酸聚合物(A-1-2)及(A-1-3),不同的地方在于:改变二胺组分(a)及四羧酸二酐组分(b)的种类及其使用量,如表1所示。
[聚酰亚胺聚合物的制备]
<合成例4>
在容积500毫升的四颈锥瓶上设置氮气入口、搅拌器、加热器、冷凝管及温度计,并导入氮气,加入进料组成物包括:4.54克(0.0425摩尔)的a-4、1.49克(0.0075摩尔)的4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(以下简称a-5),以及80克的NMP,在室温下搅拌至溶解。再加入10.69克(0.049摩尔)的b-1及20克的NMP,在室温下反应6小时,再加入97克的NMP、5.61克的醋酸酐及19.75克的吡啶,升温至60℃持续搅拌2小时进行酰亚胺化,待反应结束后,将反应溶液倒入1500毫升水中将聚合物析出,过滤所得的聚合物重复以甲醇清洗及过滤三次,置入真空烘箱中,以温度60℃进行干燥后,即可得聚酰亚胺聚合物(A-2-1)。
<合成例5至7>
合成例5至7以与合成例4相同的步骤分别制备该聚酰亚胺聚合物(A-2-2)、(A-2-3)及(A-2-4),不同的地方在于:改变二胺组分(a)及四羧酸二酐组分(b)的种类及其使用量,如表1所示。
表1
注、「-」表示未添加。
a-1:说明书中式(I-2-1)
a-2:1,1-双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]-4-(4-乙基苯基)环己烷
a-3:5-[4-(4-正戊烷基环己基)环己基]苯基亚甲基-1,3-二氨基苯
a-4:对苯二胺
a-5:4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷
a-6:4,4’-二氨基二苯基醚
b-1:苯均四羧酸二酐
b-2:1,2,3,4-环丁烷四羧酸二酐
b-3:3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘-1-琥珀酸二酐
[液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示元件的制备]
<实施例1>
称取100重量份的合成例1的聚酰胺酸组分(A-1-1)、1000重量份的氮-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(以下简称B-1)、500重量份的乙二醇正丁基醚(以下简称B-2)及20重量份PEG#300(以下简称C-1-1),在室温下搅拌混合形成液晶配向剂。
将该液晶配向剂以印刷机(日本写真印刷株式会社制,型号S15-036)分别涂布于两片具有由ITO(indium-tin-oxide)构成的导电膜的玻璃基板,各形成预涂层,然后在加热板上以温度100℃、时间5分钟进行预烤(pre-bake),并在循环烘箱中,以温度220℃、时间30分钟进行后烤(post-bake),经过配向处理后,即可形成液晶配向膜。
接着将前述制得的两片具有液晶配向膜的玻璃基板,其中一片涂以热压胶,另一片洒上4μm的间隙子(spacer),将两片玻璃基板以顺彼此配向垂直方向进行贴合,再以热压机施以10kg的压力,在温度150℃进行热压贴合。然后以液晶注入机(岛津制作所制,型号ALIS-100X-CH)进行液晶注入,利用紫外光硬化胶封住液晶注入口,以紫外光灯照光使它硬化,并在烘箱中以温度60℃、时间30分钟进行液晶回火处理,制得实施例1的液晶显示元件。
将该液晶配向剂及液晶显示元件进行各检测项目评价,所得结果记载于表2。
<实施例2至7>
实施例2至7以与实施例1相同的步骤分别制备该液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示元件,不同的地方在于:改变聚合物(A)、溶剂(B)、羟基化合物(C)及添加剂(D)的种类及其使用量,如表2所示。将实施例2至7制得的液晶配向剂所形成的液晶配向膜及所述液晶显示元件进行各检测项目评价,所得结果记载于表2。
<比较例1至4>
比较例1至4以与实施例1相同的步骤分别制备该液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示元件,不同的地方在于:比较例1及比较例2分别添加分子量不在300至1,000,000范围的其他羟基化合物(C’),比较例3及比较例4不添加任何羟基化合物,并且,比较例1至4改变聚合物(A)、溶剂(B)及添加剂(D)的种类及其使用量,如表2所示。将比较例1至4制得的液晶配向剂所形成的液晶配向膜及所述液晶显示元件进行各检测项目评价,所得结果记载于表2。
<检测项目>
UV稳定性:
a.电压保持率
以电气测量机台(TOYO Corporation制,型号Model6254)分别测量实施例1至7及比较例1至4的液晶显示元件的电压保持率,测试条件是以4伏特电压历时2毫秒的施加时间,1667毫秒的跨距施加后,测量施加解除起1667毫秒后的电压保持率(计为VHR1);接着将该液晶显示元件以4200mJ/cm2的紫外光(紫外光照射机型号为KN-SH48K1;光能兴业制)照射后,以相同测试条件测量经紫外光照射后的电压保持率(计为VHR2)。最后,依下式计算可得电压保持率的UV稳定性(计为VHRUV):
评价基准如下:
◎:VHRUV<5%
○:5%≤VHRUV<10%
△:10%≤VHRUV<20%
╳:20%≥VHRUV
b.离子密度
以电气测量机台(TOYO Corporation制,型号为Model6254)分别测量实施例1至7及比较例1至4的液晶显示元件的离子密度,测试条件是施加1.7伏特电压、0.01Hz的三角波,在电流-电压的波形中,计算0至1伏特范围的波峰面积可测得离子密度(计为ID1);接着将该液晶显示元件以4200mJ/cm2的紫外光(紫外光照射机型号为KN-SH48K1;光能兴业制)照射后,以相同测试条件测量经紫外光照射后的离子密度(计为ID2)。最后,依下式计算可得离子密度的UV稳定性(计为IDUV):
评价基准如下:
◎:IDUV<5%
○:5%≤IDUV<10%
△:10%≤IDUV<20%
╳:20%≥IDUV
由表2的实施例1至7的结果可知,通过分子量范围在300至1,000,000的羟基化合物(C),可以提升该液晶配向剂的UV稳定性,且由其所形成的液晶配向膜应用于液晶显示元件时,该液晶显示元件经UV照射后可具有良好的电压保持率以及低离子密度。反观比较例1至4,当液晶配向剂不含有分子量在300至1,000,000范围内的羟基化合物(C),所形成的液晶配向膜应用于液晶显示元件时,该液晶显示元件于UV照射后,不仅电压保持率低、离子密度高,并且存在严重的显示缺陷。
综上所述,本发明通过添加特定分子量范围的羟基化合物(C),可使液晶配向剂具有较佳的UV稳定性,且由其所形成的液晶配向膜应用于液晶显示元件时,该液晶显示元件于UV长期照射下具有良好电压保持率以及低离子密度,所以确实能达成本发明的目的。
以上所述者,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不能以此限定本发明实施的范围,即通常依本发明权利要求范围及发明说明内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰,均仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种液晶配向剂,其特征在于:该液晶配向剂包含:
聚合物组成物(A),由二胺组分(a)及四羧酸二酐组分(b)反应所制得;
溶剂(B);及
聚乙二醇化合物(C);
所述聚乙二醇化合物(C)的重量平均分子量范围为4,000至1,000,000。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶配向剂,其特征在于,基于所述聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,所述聚乙二醇化合物(C)的使用量范围为1至15重量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液晶配向剂,其特征在于,基于所述聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,所述聚乙二醇化合物(C)的使用量范围为2至12重量份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的液晶配向剂,其特征在于,基于所述聚合物组成物(A)为100重量份,所述聚乙二醇化合物(C)的使用量范围为3至10重量份。
5.一种液晶配向膜,其特征在于,由根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的液晶配向剂所形成。
6.一种液晶显示元件,其特征在于,包含根据权利要求5所述的液晶配向膜。
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CN1637526A (zh) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-13 | 奇美电子股份有限公司 | 定向膜及使用此定向膜的液晶显示器 |
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CN1146947A (zh) * | 1995-04-12 | 1997-04-09 | 住友化学工业株式会社 | 液晶聚酯树脂组合物膜 |
CN1637526A (zh) * | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-13 | 奇美电子股份有限公司 | 定向膜及使用此定向膜的液晶显示器 |
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