CN103504151B - Method for preparing insect feed with organic waste and insect feed - Google Patents
Method for preparing insect feed with organic waste and insect feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103504151B CN103504151B CN201310434468.7A CN201310434468A CN103504151B CN 103504151 B CN103504151 B CN 103504151B CN 201310434468 A CN201310434468 A CN 201310434468A CN 103504151 B CN103504151 B CN 103504151B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of insect feed processing, in particular to a method for preparing protein insect feed with organic waste and the prepared insect feed. The method comprises the steps of directly crushing the organic waste into powder, mixing with beneficial microorganisms for fermentation, and adding necessary nutrition additives to form the insect feed. The raw material is not required to be sterilized and dried at high temperature; the production cycle is shortened; the production cost is lowered; simultaneously, macromolecular substances of the organic waste are converted to small peptides, organic acid and sugar by physiologic metabolism of the beneficial microorganisms; various nutrient substances such as bio-enzymes and vitamins which have a prebiotic effect on high protein insects and are easier to absorb are produced; and the purpose of recycling is achieved. Fermentation heat energy produced during fermentation of the microorganisms is effectively utilized to kill pathogenic microorganisms possibly existing in the organic waste, and the biosafety of the insect feed is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed processing technology field, more specifically, relate to and a kind ofly utilize the method that organic waste prepares insect feedstuff and the insect feedstuff prepared.
Background technology
China has a large amount of debirs thrown aside and cause Heavy environmental pollution.Organic waste is the organic waste produced in human being's production and life process, mainly comprises changing food waste, agricultural organic waste etc., is characterized in that output is large, distribution is wide.The changing food waste that China produces every year according to statistics reaches more than 6,000 ten thousand tons; China's plant husbandry has the discarded object of about 1,000,000,000 tons (stalk, wormwood, shell climing etc.) to fail to be used well every year; Aquaculture feces of livestock and poultry about 3,000,000 tons; Forestry (sawdust, wood shavings etc.) about 1,600,000 tons.
These are precious resources and severe contamination source.At present, a large amount of stalks is burnt simply, major polluting atmosphere environment, and the organic liquid waste such as changing food waste, feces of livestock and poultry directly enters water body cause serious body of groundwater to pollute and pollution etc. of surface drainage without dealing carefully with.If this situation worsens further, the development of agricultural production will inevitably be restricted, cause the further deterioration of environment.
The dietary protein origin that edible insects will be human future most potentiality.The current whole world has 2,000,000,000 people's edible insects to originate as daily nutrient protein.In May, 2013, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) delivered report, advocate various countries' exploitation edible insects energetically, because under the albumen prerequisite providing equal quality for the mankind, compared with cultivation pig, ox, the energy consumption of cultivation edible insect only has the former 1/3rd, can not environmental pollution be caused simultaneously, not strive grain with the mankind.Meanwhile, the develop rapidly of China's large-scale cultivation industry causes feedstuff albumen day by day in short supply, and conventional dregs of beans and fish meal can not meet the needs of animal-breeding development.Therefore utilize debirs to cultivate edible insect, product are imperative as an alternative for exploitation insect protein.
The mode that organic waste can be made to obtain efficient resource process at present mainly contains compost making, fertilizer and fermentation methane production generating, but these processing modes exist, and investment is large, added value is low, cause the drawbacks such as secondary pollution, need participation and the subsidy of government, individual or small business are difficult to maintain normal production run.Prior art also to have and utilizes organic waste to prepare animal feed, usual selection by organic waste after high-temperature sterilization process, be broken into powder, and then dry mix with auxiliary material after get final product feeding to animal, wherein, organic waste is prepared feed, high-temperature sterilization is essential with these two steps of oven dry, but these two steps need the heat energy of at substantial, thus greatly improve the cost of organic waste recycling, and, the feed adopting existing above-mentioned preparation method to obtain is only containing the nutriment of organic waste itself, easily subalimentation is caused as forage feed animal, can not meet animal especially high protein ingestion animal to the demand of proteinaceous nutrient.
Therefore how fully organic waste is effectively utilized, its biology is changed into the resource materials such as protein, and effective production control energy consumption, realize recycling, to Appropriate application agricultural production and living resources, tool of improving the ecological environment is of great significance.
When utilizing organic waste to prepare animal feed in prior art, usually select organic waste after high-temperature sterilization process, be broken into powder, and then dry mix with auxiliary material after get final product feeding to animal.Wherein, high-temperature sterilization and these two steps of oven dry need the heat energy of at substantial, thus improve the cost of organic waste recycling, and, the feed that above-mentioned preparation method obtains is only containing the nutriment of organic waste itself, such feed nutrition is not enough, can not meet animal especially high protein ingestion animal to the demand of proteinaceous nutrient.The present invention changes and traditional utilizes organic waste processing technology routine, first direct organic waste is broken into powder particle, after the moisture that adjustment is suitable, itself and auxiliary material, beneficial microbe can be obtained insect feedstuff according to proper proportion mixed culture fermentation, do not need high-temperature sterilization and drying and processing, decrease professional equipment to drop into and huge energy consumption, significantly reduce production cost.
The present invention selects beneficial microbe to participate in the metabolism fermentation of organic waste, the nutriment of organic waste itself is converted to biology enzyme, polypeptide, organic acid, multivitamin etc. have prebiotic effect nutriment to the insect of high protein, real realization is turned waste into wealth.The pathogenic microorganism that may exist in organic waste kills by the heat of fermentation that microorganism of the present invention produces during the fermentation, ensure that the biological safety of feed.
Organic waste of the present invention includes but not limited to that changing food waste, animal-breeding discarded object are if expired feed, expired organic bedding and padding and other dry solid-state castoffs, the activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant, the organic waste of food processing factory are as wherein one or more such as marc, manioc waste, residue of soya and vinasse.
Described auxiliary material is one or more in wheat bran, cavings, corn flour, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, herbage and stalk.
Described beneficial microbe is food grade beneficial microbe, comprise food grade lactic acid bacteria, food-grade yeast bacterium, the mould of food grade and food grade bacillus one or more.
Described fermentation mode is heap fermentation, pack fermentation, ferment tank or fermenting tank for fermentation;
Described insect is high protein edible insects, and high protein edible insects includes but not limited to the one in yellow meal worm, barley worm, bamboo worm and locust.
The invention provides the insect feedstuff that described preparation method prepares.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Organic waste of the present invention is without the need to extra high-temperature sterilization, without the need to washing desalination, direct employing beneficial microbe strain fermentation, the pathogen that may exist in changing food waste and other discarded objects and virus are killed by the fermentation fever produced by Institute of Micro-biology, the metabolite of Institute of Micro-biology's generation simultaneously, as biology enzyme, polypeptide, organic acid, the insect to high protein such as multivitamin has certain prebiotic effect.The organic waste fermented afterwards, also without the need to dehydrating further, directly or can add after nourishing additive agent and feeding high protein insect as insect feedstuff.
The present invention by be originally the organic waste of " useless " after multi-stage biological transforms, be finally converted into insect protein, achieve the recycling treatment of organic waste, simultaneously also for feedstuff industry and aquaculture provide valuable protein resource.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that organic waste utilization of resources measure in prior art is uneconomical, the defect of environmental protection in order to overcome, and provides a kind of method utilizing organic waste to prepare insect feedstuff.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the insect feedstuff that described method prepares.
Object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of preparation method of insect feedstuff is provided, comprises the steps:
S1. collect organic waste, and sort out impurity;
S2. organic waste is broken for particle, the moisture content of adjustment organic waste composition granule is 50 ~ 60%;
S3. organic waste composition granule and auxiliary material, the beneficial microbe bacterial classification of getting S2 process are fully mixed to get mixture; Percentage, the organic waste composition granule of described S2 process and auxiliary material, beneficial microbe bacterial classification account for 60 ~ 90%, 10 ~ 40% and 0.1 ~ 1% of mixture weight respectively;
S4. namely S3 gained fermented mixture is obtained described insect feedstuff; The condition of described fermentation is anaerobism or aerobic fermentation 7 ~ 15 days in the environment of 25 ~ 45 DEG C.
The grain particles of particle described in S2 is more thin better, and sum up through a large amount of embodiment of the present invention, consider preparation effect, operability and production cost, preferably, granular size of the present invention is no more than 10 orders, the most suitable with 5 ~ 10 orders.
Preferably, the mode that the moisture content adjusting organic waste composition granule described in S2 adopts dehydration or adds water; The method of described dehydration carries out extrusion dehydration or centrifugal dehydration for adopting extruding-desiccation machine or centrifugal dehydrator.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.The test method used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method; The instrument and equipment used, material etc. if no special instructions, are instrument and equipment, the material that can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1
S1. collect fresh changing food waste, and sort out the impurity such as bulk bone, chopsticks, unit of plastic, tableware and glass;
S2. adopt pulverizer kitchen garbage pulverizing to be become 10 object particles, adopt screw extruding dewaterer to dewater simultaneously, make the moisture content of changing food waste reach 50%;
S3. percentage, gets the changing food waste particle of the S2 process of 80% and the wheat bran of 19.5%, and the lactic acid bacteria of about 0.5% (purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, Chinese lactobacillus acidophilus, numbering CICC6082.The source of lactic acid bacteria does not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art of the present technique can adopt other lactic acid bacterias of originating, and following microbial bacteria is same) fully mix;
S4. the changing food waste mixed is packed fermentation in the environment of 37 DEG C, ferment about 7 days, obtain feed.
The feed prepared by the present embodiment is directly used for raising yellow meal worm as the larvae feeds of yellow meal worm, other rearing conditions are with reference to existing routine, after three months, barley worm grows to the commodity larva of 2.0 centimetres by 0.5 centimetre, and protein content is up to about 50% (dry weight).
Embodiment 2
S1. collect fresh changing food waste, and sort out the impurity such as bulk bone, chopsticks, unit of plastic, tableware and glass;
S2. adopt pulverizer kitchen garbage pulverizing to be become 5 object particles, adopt centrifuge to dewater simultaneously, make the moisture content of changing food waste reach about 55%;
S3. the dehydration changing food waste of 70% and the corn flour of 19.3% is got, and the lactic acid bacteria of about 0.5% is (purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, Chinese lactobacillus acidophilus, numbering CICC6082) and about 0.2% bacillus subtilis (purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, Chinese bacillus subtilis, numbering CICC10446) fully mix;
S4. by the changing food waste that mixes in the environment of 40 DEG C in fermentation cylinder for fermentation, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
The feed prepared by the present embodiment is used for raising barley worm as the larvae feeds of barley worm.After three months, barley worm grows to the commodity larva of 2.5 centimetres by 0.5 centimetre, and protein content is up to about 50% (dry weight).
Embodiment 3
S1. collect fresh live pig argol, remove impurity;
S2. adopt pulverizer argol to be ground into 5 object particles, adopt screw extruder to dewater simultaneously, make the moisture content of changing food waste reach about 50% get Tuo argol;
S3. de-argol and the wheat bran of 20%, the corn flour of 9.4% of 70% is got, and the lactic acid bacteria of about 0.2% is (purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, Chinese Lactobacillus plantarum, numbering CICC6026), the saccharomycete of about 0.2% is (purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, Chinese saccharomyces cerevisiae, numbering CICC31829) and about 0.2% bacillus subtilis (purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, Chinese bacillus subtilis, numbering CICC10446) be fully mixed to get mixture;
S4. the mixture mixed is packed fermentation in the environment of 40 DEG C, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
In the feed prepared by the present embodiment, add B B-complex again, be used for raising yellow meal worm as the larvae feeds of yellow meal worm after mixing.After three months, barley worm grows to the commodity larva of 2.5 centimetres by 0.5 centimetre, and protein content is up to about 50% (dry weight).
Embodiment 4
S1. collect plant and discard feed (take from Shaoguan, Guangdong centralization-breeding factory, therefore do not limit the present invention), and sort out impurity;
S2. adopt pulverizer plant to discard feed meal and be broken into 10 object particles, add amount of water and make its moisture content reach about 60%;
S3. percentage, the plant of getting 60% discards the maize straw of feed and 19.8%, the rice straw of 19.8%, and the saccharomycete of about 0.2% and about 0.2% the well-mixed mixture of bacillus subtilis; The source of described saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis is with embodiment 3;
S4. fermented in fermentation vat in the environment of 30 DEG C by mixture, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
The feed that just the present embodiment prepares is used for raising locust as locust feed, is used for cultivating yellow meal worm simultaneously.After three months, barley worm grows to the commodity larva of 2.5 centimetres by 0.5 centimetre, and protein content is up to about 50% (dry weight).
Embodiment 5
S1. collect the expired bedding and padding of plant (deriving from riverhead centralization-breeding factory), and sort out impurity;
S2. adopt pulverizer that expired bedding and padding are ground into 5 object particles, add amount of water, make its moisture content reach 55%;
S3. percentage, gets the expired bedding and padding particle of 85% and the wheat bran of 9.4%, and the lactic acid bacteria of about 0.2%, the saccharomycete of about 0.2% and the well-mixed mixture of the bacillus subtilis of about 0.2%; Microbial bacteria source is with embodiment 3;
S4. fermented in fermentation vat in the environment of 40 DEG C by mixture, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
Just the feed for preparing of the present embodiment as the feed of barley worm to raise barley worm.After three months, barley worm grows to the commodity larva of 2.5 centimetres by 0.5 centimetre, and protein content is up to about 50% (dry weight).
Embodiment 6
S1. collect the expired bedding and padding of plant, and sort impurity;
S2. adopt pulverizer kitchen garbage pulverizing to be become 5 object particles, add amount of water, make its moisture content reach about 50%;
S3. percentage, get the expired bedding and padding particle of 70% and the wheat bran of 9.8%, the corn flour of 9.8%, 9.8% herbage, and the lactic acid bacteria of about 0.2%, the saccharomycete of about 0.2% and the bacillus subtilis of about 0.2% are fully mixed to get mixture; Microbial bacteria source is with embodiment 3;
S4. fermented in fermentation vat in the environment of 40 DEG C by mixture, fermentation time is 10 days, obtains feed.
The feed prepared by the present embodiment is used for raising yellow meal worm as yellow meal worm feed.After three months, barley worm grows to the commodity larva of 2.0 centimetres by 0.5 centimetre, and protein content is up to about 50% (dry weight).
Feed testing result embodiment 1 ~ embodiment 6 prepared is as shown in Table 1:
Table one
| Outward appearance | Physical and chemical index | Health * | |
| Embodiment 1 | Golden yellow color look, smell acid fragrance, granularity fine homogeneous, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 50, ash content 3.5, thick protein 21 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 2 | Lighter color is yellow, smell acid fragrance, epigranular, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 53, ash content 3.0, thick protein 17 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 3 | Lighter color is yellow, smell aroma band point tart flavour, granularity fine homogeneous, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 55, ash content 3.2, thick protein 20 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 4 | Lighter color is yellow, smell aroma band point tart flavour, granularity fine homogeneous, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 58, ash content 3.6, thick protein 18 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 5 | Lighter color is yellow, smell aroma band point tart flavour, granularity fine homogeneous, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 54, ash content 4.3, thick protein 24 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
| Embodiment 6 | Golden yellow color look, smell aroma band point tart flavour, granularity fine homogeneous, free from admixture foreign matter; | Moisture 53, ash content 4.5, thick protein 23 | Heavy metal As does not detect, Pb < 3ppm, Cd < 1.0ppm; Salmonella and Escherichia coli do not detect |
* note: in GB forage health standard (GB13078-2001), the requirement of heavy metal is: As<10ppm, Pb<10ppm,
Cd<2ppm
Comparative example 1
S1. collect fresh changing food waste, and sort out the impurity such as bulk bone, chopsticks, unit of plastic, tableware and glass;
S2. clean changing food waste with water, the kitchen garbage pulverizing after cleaning is become screened stock shape, carry out high-temp steam sterilizing, then high temperature drying obtains changing food waste powder;
S3. percentage, gets the changing food waste powder of 80% and fully mixes with the wheat bran of 20%; Obtain contrast feed.
The feed that Application Example 1 ~ 6 and comparative example 1 prepare raises yellow meal worm simultaneously.Found that: feed described in Application Example 1, after three months, yellow meal worm grows to the commodity larva of 2.0 centimetres by 0.5 centimetre.And use feed described in comparative example 1, after three months, barley worm grows to the commodity larva of 1.5 centimetres by 0.5 centimetre, and, because comparative example needs a large amount of energy and corollary equipment to go to carry out high-temperature sterilization agent high temperature drying, aquaculture cost is increased greatly, about the cost often cultivating the yellow meal worm of a kilogram with diet described in comparative example 1 increases by 4 yuans than embodiment 1.
Claims (6)
1. utilize organic waste to prepare a method for insect feedstuff, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1. collect organic waste, and sort out impurity;
S2. organic waste is broken for particle, the moisture content of adjustment organic waste composition granule is 50 ~ 60%;
S3. organic waste composition granule and auxiliary material, the beneficial microbe bacterial classification of getting S2 process are fully mixed to get mixture; Percentage, the organic waste composition granule of described S2 process and auxiliary material, beneficial microbe bacterial classification account for 60 ~ 90%, 10 ~ 40% and 0.1 ~ 1% of mixture weight respectively, and the percentage sum of each composition equals 100%;
S4. namely S3 gained fermented mixture is obtained described insect feedstuff; The condition of described fermentation is anaerobism or aerobic fermentation 7 ~ 15 days in the environment of 25 ~ 45 DEG C;
Wherein, organic waste described in step S1 is one or more in the organic waste of changing food waste, animal-breeding discarded object, the activated sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant, food processing factory;
Beneficial microbe described in step S3 be food grade lactic acid bacteria, food-grade yeast bacterium, food grade mould and food grade bacillus one or more;
Described insect is yellow meal worm, barley worm, bamboo worm or locust;
Described animal-breeding discarded object is expired feed, expired organic bedding and padding and other dry solid-state castoffs;
The organic waste of described food processing factory is marc, manioc waste, residue of soya or vinasse.
2. utilize organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the granularity of particle described in S2 is 10 orders or more.
3. utilize organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mode that the moisture content adjusting organic waste composition granule described in S2 adopts dehydration or adds water; The method of described dehydration is extrusion dehydration or centrifugal dehydration.
4. utilize organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, auxiliary material described in S3 is one or more in wheat bran, cavings, corn flour, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, herbage or stalk.
5. utilize organic waste to prepare the method for insect feedstuff according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, fermentation mode described in S4 is heap fermentation, pack fermentation, ferment tank or fermenting tank for fermentation.
6. the insect feedstuff that described in any one of claim 1 to 5, method prepares.
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