CN103492594B - 用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN103492594B
CN103492594B CN201180070110.XA CN201180070110A CN103492594B CN 103492594 B CN103492594 B CN 103492594B CN 201180070110 A CN201180070110 A CN 201180070110A CN 103492594 B CN103492594 B CN 103492594B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
described material
aluminium
magnesium
zirconium
manganese
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201180070110.XA
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN103492594A (zh
Inventor
霍尔格·施密特
丹尼尔·迈斯特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Federal Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH
Original Assignee
Federal Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Federal Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH filed Critical Federal Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH
Publication of CN103492594A publication Critical patent/CN103492594A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103492594B publication Critical patent/CN103492594B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1042—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by atomising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/32—Coating surfaces by attaching pre-existing layers, e.g. resin sheets or foils by adhesion to a substrate; Laminating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

Abstract

在用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法中，将基于铜的并且包含铁和磷的材料原子化以形成粉状物。

Description

用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法。
背景技术
对于滑动轴承来说有多种要求。这些要求关系到例如抗腐蚀性、滑动性能和机械加工性等。
DE102007049383A1涉及一种复合材料及其制造方法，该复合材料包括钢基体和通过辊压接合来施加的可硬化的铜合金涂层。
由DE102005014302A1可知用于制造由含铜多组分合金所制造的滑动轴承的方法，其中通过酸来溶解掉滑动表面处的至少一个相组成物。
EP0962541A1涉及基于铜的烧结的滑动轴承材料，其具有两种不同硬度的颗粒。
发明内容
形成本发明的基础的目的即提供一种用于制造滑动轴承材料的方法，通过所述方法可以有效的方式制造尤其是在抗腐蚀性和/或滑动性能方面具有提高的性能的滑动轴承。
通过下述方法实现了所述目的。该方法为用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法，其中将基于铜的并且包含铁和磷的材料原子化以形成粉状物，其中在原子化之后，添加总共至少0.1％的铝、镁、硅、钛、锆、铬、锰、锌、镍和钼中的至少一种元素作为粉状物，将其与所述材料混合并且研磨。
具体实施方式
相应地，将包含铁和磷的无铅铜基材料原子化以形成粉状物。铁和磷有利地形成Fe2P和/或Fe3P型的硬颗粒，其在根据本发明制造的滑动轴承材料中就耐磨性和作为断屑器的效果而言展现出优势。尤其是，在此方面可以利用所述铜基体的高导热性，其不会由所添加的所述另外的元素而明显受损，尤其是在相对低的浓度中。
已经发现，可以在现有的烧结厂中在直至1000℃的烧结温度下处理所述新材料。
在原子化之后，优选将铝、镁、硅、钛、锆、铬、锰、锌、镍和钼中的至少一种元素作为粉状物添加，并且与CuFeP粉状物混合。尤其是当保证基体中所述元素尽可能地均匀分布时，所述元素可有利地作为防腐蚀剂，并且相应减少了铜基体的腐蚀敏感性。
对于铁和磷的浓度，分别位于2.1％和2.6％之间以及位于0.015％和0.15％(重量百分比)之间的值证实是优选的。
另外，在初始测试中还发现，在所述元素的浓度为0.1％到3％，并且尤其是处于至少0.1％和/或至多1％时，出现了所期望的针对腐蚀的保护。目前，为此优选使用铝和/或镁。
当制造用于烧结过程的粉状物时，可通过添加硬颗粒和/或固态润滑剂而有利的方式提高根据本发明所制造的滑动轴承材料的滑动性能和机械加工性，所述硬颗粒例如为氧化物、碳化物、氮化物和磷化物，所述固态润滑剂例如为h-BN和碳，尤其是石墨。另外，在烧结之前的工序中，可以添加碲、铋、铅和硫中的至少一种断屑性元素来作为所谓的断屑器。尤其地，可以应用定向的方式引入固态润滑剂、硬颗粒、断屑器等来优化所制造的材料。优选的硬颗粒例如为Al2O3、c-BN、MoSi2、ZrO2、SiO2，以及所述抗腐蚀金属的所有碳化物。
为了混合所述材料，目前优选球磨机，其额外地施加研磨过程。
优选地，还可以通过将细粒部分(即小于5μm的颗粒)靶向式增加到至少5％，从而以有利的方式降低烧结温度。这还提供了如下优势，即在本发明的范围内可以使用技术上必要的高比例的细粒粉状物，而对流动性能没有负面影响。
优选通过烧结、铸造或辊压接合来进行根据本发明的材料的进一步处理。铸造带来的优势是不必首先制造粉状物。通过烧结，可以省略后续的辊压和/或热处理步骤，因此这是有利的。

Claims (13)

1.用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法，其中将基于铜的并且包含铁和磷的材料原子化以形成粉状物，其中在原子化之后，添加总共至少0.1％的铝、镁、硅、钛、锆、铬、锰、锌、镍和钼中的至少一种元素作为粉状物，将其与所述材料混合并且研磨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在原子化之后，添加总共至少0.2％的铝、镁、硅、钛、锆、铬、锰、锌、镍和钼中的至少一种元素作为粉状物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料包含2.1％到2.6％的铁和/或0.015％到0.15％的磷。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料与总共最大3％的铝、镁、硅、钛、锆、铬、锰、锌、镍和钼元素混合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料与总共最大1％的铝、镁、硅、钛、锆、铬、锰、锌、镍和钼元素混合。
6.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料还与固态润滑剂混合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述固态润滑剂为h-BN和/或C。
8.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料还与硬颗粒混合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述硬颗粒为氧化物、碳化物、氮化物和/或磷化物。
10.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料还与碲、铋和硫中的至少一种断屑性元素混合。
11.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在球磨机中进行所述混合。
12.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述材料具有至少5％的尺寸小于5μm的颗粒。
13.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，随后通过烧结、铸造和/或辊压接合来进一步处理所述滑动轴承材料。
CN201180070110.XA 2011-04-14 2011-12-28 用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN103492594B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011007362A DE102011007362A1 (de) 2011-04-14 2011-04-14 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines bleifreien Gleitlagermaterials
DE1020110073620 2011-04-14
PCT/EP2011/074155 WO2012139671A1 (de) 2011-04-14 2011-12-28 Verfahren zur herstellung eines bleifreien gleitlagermaterials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103492594A CN103492594A (zh) 2014-01-01
CN103492594B true CN103492594B (zh) 2016-04-06

Family

ID=45478303

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201180070110.XA Expired - Fee Related CN103492594B (zh) 2011-04-14 2011-12-28 用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9492868B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2697403B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2014529005A (zh)
KR (2) KR20140049517A (zh)
CN (1) CN103492594B (zh)
BR (1) BR112013026398A2 (zh)
DE (1) DE102011007362A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2012139671A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013208497A1 (de) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-13 Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Kupferlegierung, Verwendung einer Kupferlegierung, Lager mit einer Kupferlegierung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagers aus einer Kupferlegierung
DE102014207332B4 (de) * 2014-04-16 2016-12-01 Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Bleifreier CuFe2P-Gleitlagerwerkstoff mit Spanbrecher
DE102014207331B4 (de) * 2014-04-16 2017-01-26 Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Bleifreier CuNi2Si-Gleitlagerwerkstoff unter Zugabe eines spanbrechend wirkenden Metalls
CN104120298A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-10-29 浙江永成机械有限公司 偏心轴套以及加工生产工艺
CN104121291A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-10-29 浙江永成机械有限公司 偏心铜合金轴套

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0795693A2 (en) * 1996-03-14 1997-09-17 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Copper-alloy and sliding bearing having improved seizure resistance
EP0962541A1 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-12-08 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Copper-base sintered sliding material excellent in slipperiness and machinability
EP2166117A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2010-03-24 Taiho Kogyo Co. Ltd. Pb-FREE COPPER ALLOY SLIDING MATERIAL AND PLAIN BEARINGS

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5017250A (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-05-21 Olin Corporation Copper alloys having improved softening resistance and a method of manufacture thereof
JPH04242228A (ja) 1991-01-16 1992-08-28 Canon Inc 光通信システム
JP3484444B2 (ja) 1993-10-21 2004-01-06 大豊工業株式会社 摺動部材
DE4415627C1 (de) * 1994-05-04 1995-08-17 Wieland Werke Ag Verwendung einer Kupfer-Chrom-Titan-Legierung zur Herstellung von Gießkolben für Druckgießmaschinen
US5938864A (en) * 1995-03-03 1999-08-17 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Sliding material and surface treating method thereof
JPH09324228A (ja) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-16 Hitachi Ltd 固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材及びその製造法
JP2003089831A (ja) * 2001-07-12 2003-03-28 Komatsu Ltd 銅系焼結摺動材料および複層焼結摺動部材
JP2003073789A (ja) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-12 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd 被削性に優れた無鉛快削黄銅の製造方法
EP1803829B1 (en) * 2004-08-17 2013-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Copper alloy plate for electric and electronic parts having bendability
DE102005014302A1 (de) 2005-03-30 2006-10-12 Wieland-Werke Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gleitlagers mit einer Gleitoberfläche, bestehend aus einer Kupfer-Mehrstofflegierung
JP4314226B2 (ja) * 2005-09-13 2009-08-12 本田技研工業株式会社 粒子分散銅合金及びその製造方法
AT504088B1 (de) 2006-09-01 2008-11-15 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Gleitlager
DE102007049383A1 (de) 2007-10-15 2009-04-16 Wickeder Westfalenstahl Gmbh Verbundwerkstoff, insbesondere Reibverbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoffs
DE102009002894A1 (de) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-18 Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Gleitlagermaterial
JP5058276B2 (ja) * 2010-02-23 2012-10-24 大同メタル工業株式会社 銅系摺動材料

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0795693A2 (en) * 1996-03-14 1997-09-17 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Copper-alloy and sliding bearing having improved seizure resistance
EP0962541A1 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-12-08 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Copper-base sintered sliding material excellent in slipperiness and machinability
EP2166117A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2010-03-24 Taiho Kogyo Co. Ltd. Pb-FREE COPPER ALLOY SLIDING MATERIAL AND PLAIN BEARINGS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103492594A (zh) 2014-01-01
KR20180084140A (ko) 2018-07-24
EP2697403B1 (de) 2017-01-18
EP2697403A1 (de) 2014-02-19
US20140086784A1 (en) 2014-03-27
DE102011007362A1 (de) 2012-10-18
WO2012139671A1 (de) 2012-10-18
JP2014529005A (ja) 2014-10-30
BR112013026398A2 (pt) 2016-12-20
KR20140049517A (ko) 2014-04-25
US9492868B2 (en) 2016-11-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103492594B (zh) 用于制造无铅滑动轴承材料的方法
CN105209646B (zh) 铜合金、铜合金的用途、含铜合金的轴承以及生产由铜合金形成的轴承的方法
CN102296289A (zh) 一种以金属间化合物为粘结相的金属陶瓷涂层的制备方法
JP6573661B2 (ja) 滑り軸受け又はその部品、それらの製造方法及び滑り軸受け材料としてのＣｕＣｒＺｒ合金の使用
CN103540823A (zh) 一种硬质合金
CN104388885A (zh) 一种高硬度Ni60A-WC纳米涂层及其制备方法
CN104451514A (zh) 一种SiC-Al2O3纳米涂层及其制备方法
CN102959106B (zh) 制造无铅滑动轴承的方法
CN104561722A (zh) 一种硬质合金
CN104264025A (zh) 一种Ni45-WC纳米涂层及其制备方法
CN104264099A (zh) 一种Fe-Gr-Si纳米涂层及其制备方法
CN101519755A (zh) 一种基于310s的高铝不锈钢
Yalçin et al. RESEARCH PAPER CORROSION AND WEAR PERFORMANCE OF ZA27/GRAPHENE/B4C HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES PRODUCED BY POWDER METALLURGY
CN107447155A (zh) 一种铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料
CN101748335B (zh) 一种不含镍烧结机炉蓖条材料及其制造方法
CN106854730A (zh) 一种用于液压缸的耐磨金属涂层及其制备方法
CN104388877A (zh) 一种Ni60B-WC-Mo纳米涂层及其制备方法
JP2006283056A (ja) 射出成形機用スクリューおよびその組立部品
CN107641737A (zh) 一种五金件用耐磨铝合金
CN106282910A (zh) 销轴表面渗铌强化工艺
CN107574384B (zh) 一种耐磨合金钢衬板及其制备方法
JP4744013B2 (ja) 耐磨耗性に優れた摺動部材用Ｆｅ−Ｃｒ−Ｎｉ−Ｃｕ合金
JP2008248307A (ja) 高靱性高速度鋼系焼結合金
CN117660842A (zh) 一种耐磨防腐蚀式金属涂层及其生产工艺
CN107267874A (zh) 一种铁基粉末冶金摩擦材料

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20160406

Termination date: 20201228