CN102959106B - 制造无铅滑动轴承的方法 - Google Patents

制造无铅滑动轴承的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102959106B
CN102959106B CN201080067282.7A CN201080067282A CN102959106B CN 102959106 B CN102959106 B CN 102959106B CN 201080067282 A CN201080067282 A CN 201080067282A CN 102959106 B CN102959106 B CN 102959106B
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sliding surface
surface bearing
copper
unleaded
manufacture
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CN102959106A (zh
Inventor
霍格尔·史密特
丹尼尔·梅斯特
罗马·莱万多斯基
安德泽·布洛尼斯泽瓦斯基
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Federal Mogul Burscheid GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/003—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49709—Specific metallic composition

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种无铅滑动轴承的方法，尤其是制造一种改良型的无铅滑动轴承的方法并且此无铅滑动轴承具有抗腐蚀性、滑动性能和易切削性。其中通过烧结0.1%到3%的元素铝、镁、硅、钛、锆和铬合金以实现其抗腐蚀性。通过加入6%至15%的锡调节轴承的滑动性和硬度。通过添加硬质颗粒如氧化物、碳化物、氮化物和磷化物，和/或固体润滑剂进一步加强其滑动性和切削加工性。

Description

制造无铅滑动轴承的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制造无铅滑动轴承的方法。
滑动轴承具有各种各样的需求。这些需求涉及例如，抗腐蚀性、滑动性能和切削性。
背景技术
DE102007049383A1涉及复合材料和制造所述复合材料的方法，其包括钢基体和以轧制复合的方式应用的可硬化铜合金涂层。
从DE102005014302A1中可显而易见地看出生产由多组分铜合金组成的滑动轴承的方法，其中，至少一个相组成的滑动面通过酸解析出。
发明内容
形成本发明基础的目的是提供制造具有改进性能的滑动轴承制造方法，特别是关于抗腐蚀性。
在权利要求1中描述的方法解决了上述目的。
根据上述所述,一种烧结铜基材料，所述烧结铜基材料包含总量的0.1%到3%的元素铝、镁、硅、钛、锆和铬。为了制造滑动轴承，这种合金可以被烧结，尤其是在钢背上。此处所述的元素以有利的方式作为抗腐蚀剂。现在这种新材料已经可以在在现有的烧结厂中，在烧结温度达到1000℃时制造。此外，本发明进一步提到以经济效益为目的的制造方式，例如在雾化过程中烧结粉末的组成Cu(Sn)X，其中，X=铝、镁、硅、钛、锆、铬，在本发明的保护范围内，使用碎屑是可以想到的。
在进一步的权利要求中描述了优选的实施例。
在最初的实验中发现，在所述元素的浓度为至少0.2%和/或至多1%时，已经发生了所期望的抗腐蚀保护。
在优选实施例中，本发明所述的材料能够进一步地包含达到15%的锡，特别是大约6%的锡。通过所述描述，能够根据具体要求方便地调整硬度和滑动性能。锡的比例的上限是由于增加锡的比例会降低导热系数所致。因此，为了达到足够高的导热系数，已经证明特定的限制数值是有利的。
可以以有利的方式提高按照本发明所制造的滑动轴承的滑动属性和切削加工性，所述有利的方式为当制造用于烧结过程的粉末时，通过添加硬质颗粒，例如，氧化物、碳化物、氮化物和磷化物，和/或固体润滑剂，例如，h-BN和碳。此外，在烧结之前可以在过程中添加所谓的断屑。
此外，在烧结之前混合新材料与锡和/或铜粉已经被证明是有利的，此处所述的新材料类型为CuX，其中，X=铝、镁、硅、钛、锆、铬。上述的结果是这种被制造出的材料可以特别好地烧结在钢上。此外，所述的元素作为烧结添加剂用以补充所述的材料和元素作为抗腐蚀剂在空气中钝化的影响。
通过优选目标的精细比例的提高，例如，小于5μm的颗粒至少达到5%，以有利的方式降低烧结温度是可能的。在本发明的保护范围内进一步提供了可以使用技术上必要地高比例的细粉的优势，而没有消极地影响流动性。

Claims (4)

1.一种制造具有抗腐蚀性的无铅滑动轴承的方法，其特征在于，在烧结之前，铜基材料与锡和/或铜粉混合，其中，所述铜基材料包含总量的0.1%到3%的元素铝、镁、硅、钛、锆和铬，余量为铜，锡的含量最多为6%，所述无铅滑动轴承还包括断屑、h-BN和/或碳固体润滑剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述铜基材料包含总量为至少0.2.%和/或至多1%的元素铝、镁、硅、钛、锆和铬，余量为铜。
3.如上述任一一项权利要求所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步地，所述无铅滑动轴承包含硬质颗粒，所述硬质颗粒为氧化物、碳化物、氮化物和/或磷化物。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无铅滑动轴承包含至少5%的、大小小于5μm的颗粒。
CN201080067282.7A 2010-06-10 2010-06-10 制造无铅滑动轴承的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102959106B (zh)

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PCT/EP2010/058145 WO2011154039A1 (de) 2010-06-10 2010-06-10 Verfahren zur herstellung eines bleifreien gleitlagers

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EP (1) EP2580362B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6169488B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR20130098889A (zh)
CN (1) CN102959106B (zh)
BR (1) BR112012031413A2 (zh)
MX (1) MX2012014434A (zh)
RU (1) RU2013100175A (zh)
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WO2011154039A1 (de) 2011-12-15
BR112012031413A2 (pt) 2016-11-08
CN102959106A (zh) 2013-03-06
ZA201209203B (en) 2013-09-25
MX2012014434A (es) 2013-02-26
JP2013533920A (ja) 2013-08-29
KR20130098889A (ko) 2013-09-05
EP2580362A1 (de) 2013-04-17
US9027249B2 (en) 2015-05-12
RU2013100175A (ru) 2014-07-20
US20130139390A1 (en) 2013-06-06
JP6169488B2 (ja) 2017-07-26
EP2580362B1 (de) 2018-07-18

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