CN100557257C - 滑动轴承 - Google Patents

滑动轴承 Download PDF

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CN100557257C
CN100557257C CNB2006100550740A CN200610055074A CN100557257C CN 100557257 C CN100557257 C CN 100557257C CN B2006100550740 A CNB2006100550740 A CN B2006100550740A CN 200610055074 A CN200610055074 A CN 200610055074A CN 100557257 C CN100557257 C CN 100557257C
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weight
metal layer
bearing metal
zinc
bearing
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CN1831352A (zh
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罗伯特·默根
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Miba Bearing Austria LLC
Miba Bearing Holdings Ltd
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Miba Gleitlager Austria GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
    • B28B1/0873—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould the mould being placed on vibrating or jolting supports, e.g. moulding tables
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/12—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S384/00—Bearings
    • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
    • Y10S384/912—Metallic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/12917—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12924—Fe-base has 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明描述了一种滑动轴承，其具有钢支撑壳和无铅的轴承金属层，该轴承金属层以铜为基础并含有锡和锌的主要合金元素，所述层施加于支承壳上。为了结合有利的滑动特性与有利的机械弹性，提出轴承金属层的锡含量为2.5～11%重量，锌含量为0.5～5%重量，锡和锌的总含量为3～13%重量。

Description

滑动轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种滑动轴承(friction bearing)，其具有钢支承壳和无铅的轴承金属层，该轴承金属层以铜为基础并含有锡和锌的主要合金元素，所述轴承金属层施加于支撑壳上。
背景技术
长期以来，以铜为基础并含有锡和锌作为主要合金元素的滑动轴承材料是已知的。向这些轴承材料的合金中加入相当大量的铅，以改善摩擦特性。铅合金的毒性日益变得不利于该轴承材料的使用。因此，人们做了许多努力以开发出以铜为基础并含有锡和锌作为主要合金元素的无铅的滑动轴承材料。然而，与由加铅青铜制成的轴承材料相比，发现其摩擦适应性降低。有人例如(DE 10308779B3)提出通过加入镁、铁或钴、镍和锰或硅，来改善包含至少21.3％重量锌和至多3.5％重量锡的无铅的铜合金的滑动特性。这证明没有特别成功。由另一种已知的含有锌和硅作为主要合金成分的无铅的铜合金得到同样不足的滑动特性(DE 10308778B3)，其中向含有微量的铁或钴、镍和锰的铜中加入至少8.5％重量的锌、1～5％重量的硅和至多2％重量的锡。如果例如加入0.5～2％重量的铋，最终避免了向锡含量为6％重量的铜合金中加入铅(EP 0457478B1)，那么可能改善摩擦特性，但是必须接受低耐蚀性，而耐蚀性低阻止了该轴承材料的成功使用。
发明内容
因而，本发明的目的是提供一种上述类型的滑动轴承，该滑动轴承具有以铜为基础的无铅的轴承金属层，满足了摩擦特性以及强度要求，使得该滑动轴承可以特别用于制备内燃机。
该目的由本发明用这样的方法来实现，即轴承金属层的锡含量为2.5～11％重量，锌含量为0.5～5％重量，锡和锌的总含量为3～13％重量。
惊人地发现，在所述的锡和锌含量范围内，可以确实达到对轴承金属层的滑动特性和对轴承的机械弹性的要求。在锡含量的范围为至多11％重量的条件下，硬化效应仍不会发生。而且，导致脆化的相组成也没有预期出现。锌是所使用磷的适宜的替换物。由于形成金属间铁-磷化合物，可能对轴承金属层与钢支承壳的结合产生不利的影响。以铜为基础并含有所述含量的锡和锌的无铅的轴承金属层，从铸造和烧结技术的观点来看可以是非常好处理的合金，以便它们特别适于通过铸造或烧结覆盖(plating)在钢上。
为了改善结合钢支承壳的轴承金属层特性，轴承金属层还可以包括选自钴、锰和锆的元素组中的至少一种元素，该组中所采用的元素的总浓度为0.1～1.8％重量。按照该量，没有形成或仅形成非常少量的初生释放相(primaryreleased phase)，它们的影响是可以忽略的，所述量对于烧结粉末的可浇注性(pourability)和生产有有利的影响。导致强度增加的金属间相可以通过限制这些合金元素的含量获得，而不必担心脆化。而且，特别是，锆产生的再结晶阻碍，对轴承金属层的许多厂商特定的(vendor-specilic)热处理是有利的。
除了钴、锰和锆之外，还可能向合金中加入钛、镁和磷。这些元素的总浓度应该为0.05～1.7％重量，最大磷浓度为0.08％重量。除了在固态下各有序状态的形成过程中的协作，这些元素还具有脱氧效应，并允许用最少另外不可避免加入的磷(a minimum of otherwise unavoidable additions of phosphorus)控制冶金过程。另外的因素在于，因在内燃机的构造中滑动轴承的应用预期达到高达150℃的工作温度，特别是钛还有锆防止由于老化引起的脆化。这对于滑动轴承的使用寿命有有利的影响。
附图说明
附图图示了已知含有在铜和铅的基础上的轴承金属层的滑动轴承，以与根据本发明含有无铅的轴承金属层的滑动轴承进行比较，附图中：
图1以方框图图示了发生固死(seizure)的极限载荷，及
图2为交变弯曲强度相对载荷变化数量的曲线图。
具体实施方式
具有同样设计的一系列几个滑动轴承在类似的条件下进行静载荷处理，该载荷逐步增加直到发生固死。由发生固死所测量的极限载荷(单位MPa)计算得到各系列滑动轴承的固死平均极限载荷，并将平均极限载荷填入图1的方框图中。轴承的直径为48mm，轴承宽度为21mm。在12.6m/s的轴转速和120℃的工作温度下，确定固死倾角(seizure inclination)。根据方框图1，由CuPb20Sn2制成的轴承金属层的固死的平均极限载荷为43MPa。根据方框图2，由CuPb15Sn7制成的轴承金属层的固死的平均极限载荷为37MPa。如方框图3所示，根据本发明的轴承金属层的固死的平均极限载荷为48MPa，本发明的轴承金属层与用于比较的轴承中一样，施加于钢支承壳上，该轴承金属层的组成为4％重量的锡、1％重量的锌、0.04％重量的锰、0.08％重量的锆、0.05％重量的磷、0.11％重量的镁、0.05％重量的钛和余量的铜。
根据图2的曲线图，纵坐标表示在反向弯曲应力下单位为MPa的疲劳强度，横坐标表示滑动轴承的对数刻度的载荷变化数，该滑动轴承也就固死倾角进行检验。发现在反向弯曲应力下，根据曲线4的本发明的滑动轴承的疲劳强度显著高于具有含铅的轴承金属层的滑动轴承。曲线5适用于具有由CuPb20Sn2制成的轴承金属层的滑动轴承，曲线6适用于具有由CuPb15Sn7制成的轴承金属层的滑动轴承。

Claims (2)

1.一种滑动轴承，其具有钢支承壳和无铅的轴承金属层，该轴承金属层以铜为基础并含有锡和锌的主要合金元素，所述轴承金属层施加于钢支承壳上，其特征在于所述轴承金属层的锡含量为2.5～11％重量，锌含量为0.5～5％重量，锡和锌的总含量为3～13％重量，
所述轴承金属层还包括选自钴、锰和锆的元素组中的至少一种元素，该组中所采用的元素的总浓度为0.1～1.8％重量。
2.根据权利要求1的滑动轴承，其特征在于所述轴承金属层包括选自钛、镁和磷的元素组中的至少一种元素，该组中所采用的元素的总浓度为0.05～1.7％重量，磷的最大浓度为0.08％重量。
CNB2006100550740A 2005-03-03 2006-03-03 滑动轴承 Active CN100557257C (zh)

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ATA366/2005 2005-03-03
AT0036605A AT501806B1 (de) 2005-03-03 2005-03-03 Gleitlager

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US (1) US7270892B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1698707B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2006242386A (zh)
KR (1) KR20060096355A (zh)
CN (1) CN100557257C (zh)
AT (1) AT501806B1 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0600701B1 (zh)

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CN102959106A (zh) * 2010-06-10 2013-03-06 菲特尔莫古布尔沙伊德有限公司 制造无铅滑动轴承的方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102959106A (zh) * 2010-06-10 2013-03-06 菲特尔莫古布尔沙伊德有限公司 制造无铅滑动轴承的方法
CN102959106B (zh) * 2010-06-10 2015-12-16 菲特尔莫古布尔沙伊德有限公司 制造无铅滑动轴承的方法

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Publication number Publication date
AT501806A1 (de) 2006-11-15
EP1698707B1 (de) 2018-11-07
US20060199034A1 (en) 2006-09-07
KR20060096355A (ko) 2006-09-11
EP1698707A2 (de) 2006-09-06
BRPI0600701B1 (pt) 2017-09-12
EP1698707A3 (de) 2010-10-13
US7270892B2 (en) 2007-09-18
CN1831352A (zh) 2006-09-13
JP2006242386A (ja) 2006-09-14
BRPI0600701A (pt) 2006-10-24
AT501806B1 (de) 2007-04-15

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