CN103483669A - 一种抗菌纳米阻燃塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌纳米阻燃塑料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103483669A
CN103483669A CN201310468183.5A CN201310468183A CN103483669A CN 103483669 A CN103483669 A CN 103483669A CN 201310468183 A CN201310468183 A CN 201310468183A CN 103483669 A CN103483669 A CN 103483669A
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周建
颜玉荣
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Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种抗菌纳米阻燃塑料及其制备方法,包括基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、防腐剂,其中各组分按重量配比为:基料70-80份,增塑剂3-10份,抗氧剂0.5-5份,复合抗菌粒子5-15份,偶联剂1-5份,分散剂1-5份,防腐剂5-10份等;本发明能够抵抗细菌并且效果好,广泛的应用于工业、农业、食品、药品、日用品领域。

Description

一种抗菌纳米阻燃塑料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗菌塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着生活水平的不断提高,人们的健康意识正逐步增强,对自身生活环境的要求也越来越高。特别是在食品、药品及农产品包装和钢笔、手机、电脑、牙刷、家具等日用品领域,对其使用材料的卫生要求越来越高。在车站、广场、公园等公共场所,人流量非常大,公共设施使用频繁,容易产生病菌,并且易于传播,影响公众健康。目前,塑料制品以其特有的性能而越来越广泛的应用到这些领域中。由于塑料本身不具有抗菌性,当用作食品、药品等包装材料时,在保存食品和药品的特定温度、湿度条件下,塑料表面容易滋生对人体健康有害的细菌等微生物,微生物的滋生和繁衍会污染保存的食品或药品,使其变质、发霉甚至腐烂;牙刷、餐具等生活中的日用品,使用过程中也极易产生病菌,并直接影响人体健康。
发明内容
本发明提供一种能够抵抗细菌并且效果好的抗菌纳米阻燃塑料及其制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术解决方案是:一种抗菌塑料,包括基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、防腐剂,其中各组分按重量配比为:基料70-80份,增塑剂3-10份,抗氧剂0.5-5份,复合抗菌粒子5-15份,偶联剂1-5份,分散剂1-5份,防腐剂5-10份,纳米阻燃复合物     25-30份;
所述的纳米阻燃复合剂的制备方法为:
(1)将硅羟基磷灰石、红磷、凹凸棒、水滑石、蒙脱土、钛白粉、方解石、高岭土按照25-35:15-20:10-15 :10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7的质量份数配比混合,加入到200份二甲亚砜(DMSO)和50份甲醇的混合溶液中,于65℃搅拌60小时,过滤,并用60℃温度的热乙醇洗3次除去过量的二甲亚砜(DMSO),放入真空干燥箱,在60℃温度干燥24小时,研磨过筛,得一次改性阻燃复合物;
所述基料为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯中的一种或几种;
所述增塑剂为檬酸酯类,为柠檬酸三乙酯、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯中一种或几种;
所述抗氧剂为对苯二胺、双酚、多酚、对苯二酚中的一种或几种;    
所述润滑剂为聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯、丙烯共聚物中的一种或几种;
所述的复合抗菌粒子是以纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)粒子为基质,掺杂纳米氧化锌(ZnO),两者比例为4:0.5;
所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸酯偶联剂中的一种或几种;
所述的分散剂为聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡、硬脂酸和硬脂酸锌中的一种或几种;
所述防腐剂为亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸钾及二氧化硫中的一种或几种;
进一步改进,所述的复合抗菌粒子为纳米银改性的二氧化硅;
进一步改进,所述的抗氧剂为受阻酚类主抗氧剂和亚磷酸酯类辅助抗氧剂;
进一步改进,所述复合抗菌粒子为含卤化合物,例如N-卤胺;
进一步改进,所述抗菌塑料中还包括3-7份的石蜡或者甘油,这样可以使防腐剂粘附到塑料制品的原料上,提高了防腐剂的稳定性,同时甘油的吸水性能促进防腐剂的释放,增加防腐效果;
本发明还包括一种抗菌塑料的生产方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、纳米阻燃复合物  放入高速混料机中 进行第一次混料,混料时间为10-20分钟;
(2) 称取耐热80℃以上的防腐剂,将防腐剂粉碎成粉沫,用滤网过滤,收集过滤后的细粉沫;     (3)将上述步骤制成的混料与防腐剂粉末一起加入双螺杆挤出机中,进行第二次混合,其工艺参数为:一区150~165℃,二区165~175℃,三区180~190℃,四区 170~180℃,整个挤出过程的停留时间为1~2分钟,压力为12~18MPa;     (4)经过双螺杆挤出机混合加热熔融挤出后冷却造粒得到所需的抗菌塑料粒子。
有益效果:本发明中同时使用抗菌粒子和防腐剂,在抵抗病菌的同时可以较好的抑制病菌的滋生,抗菌、抑菌效果较好,根据不同的用途,调整各原料配方,以满足卫生、安全的要求,使用范围较广。本发明制备的阻燃剂不含卤素、有机物,无毒环保,应用前景广阔;本发明进行二次改性,这样的好处是:增加反应活性点,提高改性效果;改性的同时又能蒸除体系中的水分,干燥与改性同时进行,提高了工作效率;纳米级硅羟基磷灰石、凹凸棒、蒙脱土、高岭土等自身微孔中存在大量的物理和化学吸附水,在高温下产生水蒸汽,阻断氧气,吸收热量,达到多重阻燃的功效;强大吸附性能可以有效改善几种阻燃剂的协同作用,阻止被阻燃物质温度升高,提高了阻燃效率;硅羟基磷灰石、凹凸棒、蒙脱土、高岭土等资源丰富,大大降低了阻燃剂的工业成本,也为凹凸棒土的开发应用提供了一条新途径;本发明采用溶液法超声波分散及机械高速搅拌器搅拌,使得阻燃剂各自组分在溶液中达到了纳米级分散,有效避免了对复合材料的自然氧化,从而使复合材料具有更好的力学性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的描述:
实施例1
一种抗菌塑料,包括基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、防腐剂,其中各组分按重量配比为:基料79份,增塑剂3份,抗氧剂0.5份,复合抗菌粒子5.5份,偶联剂1份,分散剂1份,防腐剂10份,纳米阻燃复合物     25 份;;
实施例2
一种抗菌塑料,包括基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、防腐剂,其中各组分按重量配比为:基料79份,增塑剂3份,抗氧剂0.5份,复合抗菌粒子10.5份,偶联剂1份,分散剂1份,防腐剂5份,纳米阻燃复合物     26份;
实施例3
一种抗菌塑料,包括基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、防腐剂,其中各组分按重量配比为:基料70份,增塑剂5份,抗氧剂0.5份,复合抗菌粒子15份,偶联剂1份,分散剂1份,防腐剂7.5份,纳米阻燃复合物     27份;
实施例4
一种抗菌塑料,包括基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、防腐剂,其中各组分按重量配比为:基料75份,增塑剂3份,抗氧剂0.5份,复合抗菌粒子5.5份,偶联剂1份,分散剂2份,防腐剂10份,纳米阻燃复合物   30份,甘油3份。本发明制备的阻燃剂不含卤素、有机物,无毒环保,应用前景广阔;本发明进行二次改性,这样的好处是:增加反应活性点,提高改性效果;改性的同时又能蒸除体系中的水分,干燥与改性同时进行,提高了工作效率;纳米级硅羟基磷灰石、凹凸棒、蒙脱土、高岭土等自身微孔中存在大量的物理和化学吸附水,在高温下产生水蒸汽,阻断氧气,吸收热量,达到多重阻燃的功效;强大吸附性能可以有效改善几种阻燃剂的协同作用,阻止被阻燃物质温度升高,提高了阻燃效率;硅羟基磷灰石、凹凸棒、蒙脱土、高岭土等资源丰富,大大降低了阻燃剂的工业成本,也为凹凸棒土的开发应用提供了一条新途径;本发明采用溶液法超声波分散及机械高速搅拌器搅拌,使得阻燃剂各自组分在溶液中达到了纳米级分散,有效避免了对复合材料的自然氧化,从而使复合材料具有更好的力学性能,复合材料的氧指数为41。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。                                                
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Claims (10)

1.一种抗菌纳米阻燃塑料,其特征在于包括基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、防腐剂,其中各组分按重量配比为:基料70-80份,增塑剂3-10份,抗氧剂0.5-5份,复合抗菌粒子5-15份,偶联剂1-5份,分散剂1-5份,防腐剂5-10份、纳米阻燃复合物     25-30份;
所述的纳米阻燃复合剂的制备方法为:
(1)将硅羟基磷灰石、红磷、凹凸棒、水滑石、蒙脱土、钛白粉、方解石、高岭土按照25-35:15-20:10-15 :10-15:8-10:8-10:7-8:5-7的质量份数配比混合,加入到200份二甲亚砜(DMSO)和50份甲醇的混合溶液中,于65℃搅拌60小时,过滤,并用60℃温度的热乙醇洗3次除去过量的二甲亚砜(DMSO),放入真空干燥箱,在60℃温度干燥24小时,研磨过筛,得一次改性阻燃复合物;  
       (2)、将1份一次改性阻燃复合物、10份醋酸钾和25份蒸馏水混合,于温度50℃搅拌10小时以上,于温度30℃,先在超声电功率350W条件下分散2.5小时,然后再在超声电功率250W条件下分散3小时,过滤,并用蒸馏水洗3次,80℃真空干燥24小时,研磨过筛,得二次改性阻燃复合物;  
       (3)、将上述1份二次改性阻燃复合物在600W功率超声波分散40min,用恒温加热装 置加热到90℃,并用机械搅拌器搅拌(1200r/min)60分钟;得纳米阻燃复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌塑料,其特征在于所述基料为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的抗菌塑料,其特征在于所述增塑剂为檬酸酯类,为柠檬酸三乙酯、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯中一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的抗菌塑料,其特征在于所述抗氧剂为对苯二胺、双酚、多酚、对苯二酚中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗菌塑料,其特征在于所述润滑剂为聚四氟乙烯、氟化乙烯、丙烯共聚物中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗菌塑料,其特征在于所述复合抗菌粒子是以纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)粒子为基质,掺杂纳米氧化锌(ZnO),两者比例为4:0.5。
7.根据权利要求6所述的抗菌塑料,其特征在于所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂和铝酸酯偶联剂中的一种或几种;所述分散剂为聚乙烯蜡、聚丙烯蜡、硬脂酸和硬脂酸锌中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗菌塑料,其特征在于所述防腐剂为亚硝酸钠、亚硝酸钾及二氧化硫中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的抗菌塑料,其特征在于所述抗菌塑料中还包括3-7份的石蜡或者甘油。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备抗菌塑料的方法,其特征在于:其步骤如下:
将基料、增塑剂、抗氧剂、复合抗菌粒子、偶联剂、分散剂、纳米阻燃复合物  放入高速混料机中 进行第一次混料,混料时间为10-20分钟;
称取耐热80℃以上的防腐剂,将防腐剂粉碎成粉沫,用滤网过滤,收集过滤后的细粉沫;     将上述步骤制成的混料与防腐剂粉末一起加入双螺杆挤出机中,进行第二次混合,其工艺参数为:一区150~165℃,二区165~175℃,三区180~190℃,四区 170~180℃,整个挤出过程的停留时间为1~2分钟,压力为12~18MPa;     经过双螺杆挤出机混合加热熔融挤出后冷却造粒得到所需的抗菌塑料粒子。
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