CN103461096B - Cassava is broken flower bud hybridization pollination method manually - Google Patents
Cassava is broken flower bud hybridization pollination method manually Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Cassava Cultivars intermolecular hybrid breeding technical field, cassava manually broken flower bud hybridization pollination method is provided.At female the flowers are opening the front 2 ~ 3d of cassava, manually flower bud is broken to female flower, female chapiter is exposed, then the male flower pollen got ready in advance or the pistil of newly opening male flower are aimed at female chapiter and sweep to and fro, make pollen be bonded on column cap, then with sack, the cassava female flower after pollination is set up; After pollination, 3 ~ 4d removes bag.The present invention utilizes the situation of the mucus (nectar) that female chapiter is secreted as artificial pollination medium and judge best pollination time, makes female, male flower have the short enough pollination impregnation time, raising cassava fruiting rate.Utilizing the inventive method to carry out Cassava Cultivars intermolecular hybrid, providing basis for cultivating new Cassava Cultivars.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant crossing techniques, be specifically related to cassava hybridization pollination technology.
Background technology
Cassava cross pollinated plant, the same sequence of male and female flowering, female flower is first opened, and opens after male flower, and front and back are separated by about 7 days, spends very difficult selfing with sequence, but different inflorescence or homophyletic can selfings.The cassava artificial hybridization pollinating method of current Bian is by the isolation of the inflorescence bagging of selected male flower, is had in the drier of silica gel by pollen collecting place several days in suction, treats that female flower carried out artificial pollination the open same day; Or in the afternoon of front ld, after male and female flowering is open, the inflorescence that selected 2d is bloomed, with setting up or transparent paper bag packages by ventilated sack, allows male and female flowering carry out pollination self.
Another kind of mode in plot, designs multiple different genotype male parent carry out randomized arrangement, generally repeats several times, all removed by the male flower of the parental varieties of plantation, leave female flower, allow female parent produce hybrid seed, but its fruit not easily forms seed, average 1 fruit has 1 seed, many 3.Seed amount is lower relative to quantity of blooming, and what have does not produce seeds.
The feature of diversified like this conventional manual's pollinating method is all in cassava the flowers are in blossom laggard row artificial pollination, but female flower stigma vigour only keeps 24h, pollination time 8 to 19h.The flower pesticide of male flower is shorter for release time, and flower pesticide is 2h release after male flower is open, and in 1h, release is complete.Because the time is of short duration, artificial pollination process difficult is held, control, and additional Changes in weather is variable, as overcast and rainy in run into, the pollination probability of success is just lower, so cassava adopts conventional manual's fruiting rate of pollinating low.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly there is florescence difficulty for cassava artificial pollination conventional in prior art to control, be subject to weather effect, pollination defects such as the probability of success is low and a kind of cassava manually broken flower bud hybridization pollination method is provided, effectively can control the Best Times of artificial pollination, affect by Changes in weather little, improve cassava fruiting rate.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Cassava of the present invention manually broken flower bud hybridization pollination method is at female the flowers are opening the front 2 ~ 3d of cassava, manually flower bud is broken to female flower, female chapiter is exposed, then the male flower pollen got ready in advance or the pistil of newly opening male flower are aimed at female chapiter to sweep to and fro, make pollen be bonded on column cap, then with sack, the cassava female flower after pollination is set up; The other media such as wind and insect is avoided to pollinate.After pollination, 3 ~ 4d can remove bag.
Described artificial broken flower bud refers to and to be pinched gently by bud with thumb and forefinger, and namely bud splits, and column cap exposes.
The feature of cassava is female the flowers are opening front 2 ~ 3d is that bud volume becomes large, and color also can be thin out, presents micro-yellow; Female chapiter there is nectar mucus, now manually break flower bud, have a little mucus (nectar) when petal flows out, show that flower is about to open.
The present invention utilizes the situation of the mucus (nectar) that female chapiter is secreted as artificial pollination medium and judge best pollination time, makes female, male flower have the short enough pollination impregnation time, raising cassava fruiting rate.
The present invention adopts artificial broken flower bud hybridization pollination when cassava will bloom, object keeps female flower stigma vigour, controls best Time to pregnancy, improves cassava fruiting rate.If spend nature open, the mucus (nectar) of the female chapiter of cassava can attract insect pollination, can cling the effect of foreign pollen (hearsay powder), is unfavorable for result of pollinating, affects fruiting rate.
7 ~ 10d check result rate after artificial broken flower bud hybridization pollination.Fruit, in successfully 10 to 14 all after ripening of pollinating, collects seed when fruit browning look, beginning breach.
Advantage of the present invention is: utilize female the flowers are opening the front 2 ~ 3d of cassava, the situation of the mucus (nectar) that column cap is secreted is as artificial pollination medium and judge best pollination time, and adopt artificial broken flower bud pollination, make the pollination probability of success high, guarantee that female, male flower has the short enough pollination impregnation time, improve cassava fruiting rate.Bagging process is carried out to the female flower after pollination simultaneously, avoid the impact of other media (as wind, insect) on pollination situation.
Adopt artificial broken flower bud hybridization pollination method of the present invention, cassava ripening rate can reach more than 80%, to pollinate raising about 35%, improve more than 50% than spontaneous pollination (wind, worm pollination) than conventional manual.
Artificial broken flower bud hybridization pollination technology effectively can improve cassava breeding effect.Due to female, male flower pollination time is short, the artificial pollination time is difficult to hold, and often misses pollination time artificially, so ripening rate is low, and cassava of the present invention manually broken flower bud hybridization pollination technology, be according to cassava physilogical characteristics, utilize column cap mucus as pollination medium, in the female flower broken flower bud artificial hybridization pollination of 1 ~ 3d employing before flowering, to keep female flower stigma vigour and best Time to pregnancy, improving cassava ripening rate, improve the breeding effect of cassava, providing with reference to basis for cultivating new Cassava Cultivars.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below by specific embodiment, be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be understood, it should be understood that embodiments of the invention are only used for the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, hybrid strain is selected
Introduce or collect landrace, understanding the feature of each kind, the forecasting flower phase, preliminary election hybrid strain.Selection advantage is many, and shortcoming is few, and the kind of pluses and minuses complementation is parent.Intend selecting the kind that high yield, harvest index are high and content of starch is high to do female parent.Choose premised on hybrid strain, can intervarietal cross be carried out.
The parent of this confession test is: male parent is south China 205; Female parent is No. 5, south China.
2, production of hybrid seeds ground is selected
Cassava is the torrid zone, subtropical crop, the arid hillside field production of hybrid seeds the long-day must being selected to arrive, histie plot.After cassava plantation, all one's life does not apply fertilizer, and controls cassava growing way artificially, impels the measures such as cassava branch, pregnant flower.Only have and promote that cassava blooms, just can hybridize.
3, cassava pollination comparative trial
Cassava is adopted to break flower bud hybridization pollination respectively; The artificial hybridization pollination of Bian after cassava female flower is naturally open; Natural crossing pollination (by wind, insect pollination) 3 different tests schemes contrast, and each scheme is managed flower everywhere and hybridized 60, finally evaluates each pollination situation with fruit ripening rate.
A, cassava break flower bud hybridization pollination
Cassava is female the flowers are opening front 2 ~ 3d, when female flower bud volume becomes large, when color is thin out, present micro-yellow, then illustrate that female flower is about to open, available thumb and forefinger are pinched gently to bud, and at this moment bud just splits, and column cap exposes; By the male flower pollen got ready in advance or newly open male flower pistil and aim at female chapiter and sweep lightly back and forth, make it pollinate, then set up with kraft envelope, fix with clip, to avoid the pollination such as wind and insect.After pollination, 3d removes bag, 7d to 10d check result rate, fruit after ripening in 12 weeks, collects seed when fruit browning, beginning breach.With 60, the method process cassava female flower bud, 49 as a result, ripening rate 81.66%.
The artificial hybridization pollination of Bian after B, cassava female flower are naturally open
After cassava female flower is naturally open, by the male flower pollen got ready or newly open male flower pistil and aim at female chapiter and sweep lightly back and forth, make it pollinate, then set up with kraft envelope, fix with clip, to avoid the pollination such as wind and insect.After pollination, 3d removes bag, 7d to 10d check result rate, fruit after ripening in 12 weeks, collects seed when fruit browning, beginning breach.With 60, the method process cassava female flower bud, 28 as a result, ripening rate 46.66%.
C, natural crossing pollination
Fixed observer female flower 60,17 as a result, ripening rate 28.33%.
4, the Comparative result implemented
From comparative trial, adopt artificial broken flower bud hybridization pollination technology can improve cassava ripening rate.Physilogical characteristics slimy when utilizing cassava female flower ripe nearly, take manually to break flower bud hybridization pollination technology, cassava ripening rate 81.66%, to pollinate raising 35%, improve 53.33% than spontaneous pollination (wind, worm pollination) than conventional manual.
Artificial broken flower bud hybridization pollination technology can provide more hybridizes provenance.China's cassava main breed is south China 201, south China 205, and south China 201 is introduced in nineteen thirty-five from Malaysia, south China 205(SC205) introduce from Philippine in 18th century.The another industrial Cassava Cultivars promoted and demonstrate has No. 6, south China, No. 7, south China, No. 8, south China, No. 3, osmanthus heat, or these kinds are all clonal offsprings of the fine individual plant of natural crossing seed breeding seed selection.At present, China oneself introduce cassava natural crossing and artificial hybridization seed and excellent asexual strain from external, so far add up to introduce 410 hybridization numberings from the state such as Colombia, Thailand, totally 26000 cassava hybrid seeds, introduce 37 excellent asexual kinds or strain from states such as Thailand, Colombia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Brazil.This illustrates, China cassava is still in hysteretic state in breeding.Cassava breaks the breakthrough of flower bud hybridization pollination key technology, more will hybridize provenance for China cassava crossbreeding from now on provides.
Claims (3)
1. cassava manually broken flower bud hybridization pollination method, it is characterized in that: at female the flowers are opening the front 2 ~ 3d of cassava, manually flower bud is broken to female flower, female chapiter is exposed, then the male flower pollen got ready in advance or the pistil of newly opening male flower are aimed at female chapiter to sweep to and fro, make pollen be bonded on column cap, then with sack, the cassava female flower after pollination is set up; After pollination, 3 ~ 4d removes bag; The feature of cassava is female the flowers are opening front 2 ~ 3d is that bud volume becomes large, and color also can be thin out, presents micro-yellow; Female chapiter there is nectar mucus.
2. cassava according to claim 1 manually broken flower bud hybridization pollination method, is characterized in that: described artificial broken flower bud refers to and to be pinched gently by bud with thumb and forefinger, and namely bud splits, and column cap exposes.
3. cassava according to claim 1 manually broken flower bud hybridization pollination method, is characterized in that: 7 ~ 10d check result rate after artificial broken flower bud hybridization pollination.
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| CN104429929B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-03-01 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所 | Maninot esculenta crantz. hermaphrodite flower breeding method |
| CN110384040A (en) * | 2019-08-17 | 2019-10-29 | 河源河研农业有限公司 | A kind of artificial pollination method of cucurbit or Guangdong sponge gourd |
| CN111771647A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Method applied to breeding of cassava amphoteric flowers |
| CN112493114B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-08-19 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Glue solution hybrid pollination method |
| CN115281070A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-04 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Method for breeding cassava germplasm resources |
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| CN101347097A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2009-01-21 | 朱文丽 | Method of somatic embryogenesis of cassava and rapid propagation of regenerated plant |
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| CN101347097A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2009-01-21 | 朱文丽 | Method of somatic embryogenesis of cassava and rapid propagation of regenerated plant |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 广西木薯开花结果观察;陆祖正等;《广西热带农业》;20071231(第1期);30-34 * |
| 木薯人工杂交授粉技术初报;李恒锐等;《农业研究与应用》;20130110(第1期);18-19 * |
| 木薯品种间杂交研究初报;李茂植等;《农业研究与应用》;20111231(第2期);15-17 * |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: LI HENGRUI LIU LIANJUN QIU WENWU MA WENQING PENG CHONG SHI DINGSHOU ZHU RONG WANG WENLIN TO: LI HENGRUI CHEN HAISHENG LIU LIANJUN QIU WENWU MA WENQING WANG WENLIN LI PING PENG CHONG SHI DINGSHOU NONG QIULIAN LIANG ZHENHUA YANG HAIXIA QING XIN LU MEIYING ZHAO JING |
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