CN115281070A - Method for breeding cassava germplasm resources - Google Patents
Method for breeding cassava germplasm resources Download PDFInfo
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- CN115281070A CN115281070A CN202211022140.XA CN202211022140A CN115281070A CN 115281070 A CN115281070 A CN 115281070A CN 202211022140 A CN202211022140 A CN 202211022140A CN 115281070 A CN115281070 A CN 115281070A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/08—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to weight
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, and discloses a breeding method of cassava germplasm resources, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting red-tail seeds and glutinous rice cassava as hybridization parents, carrying out emasculation and pollination operations to realize hybridization, after hybridization, selecting the hybridization seeds by using step screening, carrying out seedling raising on the cassava seeds after selection, wherein the seedling raising method comprises the steps of carrying out pot planting on soil and sowing the cassava hybridization seeds, placing a pot in a greenhouse, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 28 ℃. The invention can select the hybridized cassava seeds by using a step selection method so as to select proper superior seeds and suboptimal seeds for cultivation, thereby controlling the output to a greater extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to a breeding method of cassava germplasm resources.
Background
The cassava is a plant of the family euphorbiaceae and the genus cassava, the genus has 98 species, wherein only one cassava is cultivated, namely the cassava and the cassava, five thousand years of cultivation history exists in America, the cassava is one of three potato crops all over the world, the cultivated area is about 1800 ten thousand hectares, the cassava is only next to the potato and is larger than the sweet potato, the cassava is distributed between 30 degrees north and south latitude, the altitude is below 2000 meters, and the cassava is widely cultivated in more than 100 countries or regions in Africa, asia and America to become an important tropical crop for solving hunger and poverty and provide necessary heat energy sources and basic life guarantee for more than 8 hundred million of people. The existing cassava cultivation area in China is about 30.5 million hectares, the cassava cultivation area is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical provinces such as Guangxi, guangdong, yunnan and Hainan, 90% of the yield is used for producing starch and alcohol, and the potential cultivation area is more than 300 million hectares.
The cassava seeds cultivated in a hybridization mode generally have the characteristics of high yield, high starch rate, drought and barren resistance, disease and insect resistance and low cyanic acid content, but most of the cassava seeds directly carry out subsequent seedling cultivation after the cassava hybrid cultivation, and mature fruits after hybridization are not selected, so that better seeds are selected to obtain higher yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of cassava germplasm resources, which aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, better seeds are not selected from cassava hybrid fruits.
In order to achieve the above object, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows: a breeding method of cassava germplasm resources comprises the steps of utilizing a cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction sterile principle to cultivate female parent S1 of cassava dominant combination S1 multiplied by S2 into a cytoplasmic male sterile line A1, cultivating male parent S2 into a cytoplasmic male sterile maintainer line B2 with high sterility of a first filial generation, hybridizing A1 and B2 to form a first filial generation, namely cassava seeds with high sterility, carrying out grading screening on the first filial generation A1 multiplied by B2 by taking weight as a standard, and screening qualified first filial generation A1 multiplied by B2 for seedling culture.
Further, the method comprises the following steps of,
step one, matching dominant combinations S1 and S2,
step two, the female parent S1 is cultivated into a cytoplasmic male sterile line A1, the male parent S2 is cultivated into a cytoplasmic male sterile maintainer line B2,
step three, carrying out grading screening on the A1 xB 2 first generation by taking weight as a standard, wherein the grading screening is mainly carried out by placing hybridized cassava seeds on a first-stage step on a third-stage step, injecting water into the first-stage step, expanding and bouncing the polyurethane elastomer on the first-stage step after meeting water, still remaining part of the hybridized cassava seeds on the first-stage step under the influence of elasticity, selecting the highest-quality cassava seeds, partially dropping the hybridized cassava seeds on the second-stage step under the impact of the elasticity, and selecting the next-best cassava seeds,
step four, the selected high-quality seeds are cultured
Further, in the first step, the S1 and the S2 comprise red-tail seeds and glutinous rice cassava, wherein the weight of the cassava hybrid seeds taking the red-tail seeds as female parents accounts for 60% above 3 jin, the weight of the cassava hybrid seeds taking the glutinous rice cassava as female parents accounts for 8.3%, and therefore the red-tail seeds are selected as the S1, and the glutinous rice cassava is selected as the S2.
Further, the breeding process of the A1 XB 2 first generation is emasculation and pollination.
Further, emasculation means that male flowers of the red-tail species and already-opened female flowers are cut off with scissors, only the female flowers opened the day are left, a transparent paper bag for hybridization is put on and fixed with a paper clip, the female flowers of the cassava with sticky rice are cut off with scissors, and a transparent paper bag for hybridization is put on and fixed with a paper clip.
Furthermore, the time for removing the male flowers is selected from 9-10 months, and before the female flowers and the male flowers open at 9-11 am of sunny days.
Further, pollination refers to that the male flowers of the glutinous rice cassava which are just opened and are sleeved in the paper bag are placed in a culture dish, the culture dish is taken to the side of the female flowers of the red tail seeds, the paper bag sleeved on the female flowers in the red tail is opened, the pollen of the male flowers of the glutinous rice cassava is scattered onto the developed female flower stigmas, then the paper bag of the female flowers of the red tail seeds is sleeved, and the paper bag is removed 2-3 days after pollination is completed.
Further, the time of pollination is selected from the period from the time when the male and female flowers bloom in noon to the time 2-4 afternoon.
Further, the seedling raising method comprises the steps of planting soil in different pots, sowing the cassava hybrid seeds, placing the pots in a greenhouse, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 28 ℃.
After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized:
1. the method selects the red tail seeds with higher yield as female parents, can ensure that the yield after hybridization is higher, and male flowers and female flowers are sleeved by bags in proper time, thereby avoiding accidental pollination of wind, insects and the like, leading to unsuccessful hybridization.
2. Through the design of the polyurethane elastomer, the polyurethane elastomer can expand and can bounce upwards under the action of water impact force, and further part of cassava hybrid seeds still stay on a first-stage ladder under the influence of elasticity, the part of cassava hybrid seeds are heavier in weight and are selected as the best seeds, so that the best seeds with the highest weight can be preliminarily selected, and then the cassava hybrid seeds can bounce and fall to different ladders under the action of the elasticity and the self-power, wherein the cassava hybrid seeds with the heavier weight are closer in falling distance, and the cassava hybrid seeds with the lighter weight are farther in falling distance, so that the first-order best seeds can be selected through the cassava hybrid seeds falling to a second-stage ladder, and when the cassava hybrid seeds fall to a position far away from the second-stage ladder, the part of the cassava hybrid seeds with the lighter weight are poorer, so that the seeds suitable for subsequent seedling raising can be selected on one hand, and the seeds with different grades can be selected on the other hand, so as to perform classified seedling raising, and obtain higher yield.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural front view of a step selection method in the breeding method of cassava germplasm resources in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the box comprises a box body 1, a cover 2, a second-stage step 3, a first-stage step 4, a fixing block 5, a polyurethane elastomer 6, a film 7, a pump assembly 8, a split liquid outlet pipe 9, an optimal type 10 and a suboptimal type 11.
The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: a breeding method of cassava germplasm resources comprises the following steps,
step one, selecting dominant combinations S1 and S2, wherein the S1 and S2 comprise red-tail seeds and glutinous rice cassava, the plants with the red-tail seeds as female parents are 60 jin in weight, and the plants with the glutinous rice cassava as female parents are 8.3 jin in weight, so that the red-tail seeds are S1, and the glutinous rice cassava is S2. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a variety 199 from south China.
Step two, breeding a female parent S1 into a cytoplasmic male sterile line A1, breeding a male parent S2 into a cytoplasmic male sterile maintainer line B2, hybridizing the A1 and the B2 to form a first filial generation which is cassava seeds with high sterility, and breeding the first filial generation A1 multiplied by B2 to remove male flowers and pollinate, wherein the male flowers are removed in 9-10 months before female flowers and male flowers are opened at 9-11 am of a sunny day, the male flowers of the red tail seeds and the opened female flowers are cut off by scissors, only the female flowers which are opened in the same day are left, transparent paper bags for hybridization are sleeved and fixed by a clip, the female flowers of the glutinous rice cassava are cut off by the scissors, and transparent paper bags for hybridization are sleeved and fixed by a clip; and (3) pollinating until 2-4 pm after the male and female flowers in noon open, loading the male flowers of the glutinous rice cassava which are just opened and are sleeved in the paper bag into a culture dish, taking the culture dish beside the female flowers of the red-tail seeds, opening the paper bag sleeved on the female flowers in the red-tail seeds, scattering the pollen of the male flowers of the glutinous rice cassava onto the developed stigmas of the female flowers, then sleeving the paper bag of the female flowers of the red-tail seeds, and removing the paper bag 2-3 days after pollination is finished.
And step three, carrying out grading screening on the A1 xB 2 first generation by taking weight as a standard, wherein the grading screening is mainly carried out by placing hybridized cassava seeds on a first-stage step 4 on a third-stage step, injecting water into the first-stage step 4, expanding and bouncing the polyurethane elastomer 6 on the first-stage step 4 after meeting water, still allowing part of the cassava hybridized seeds to stay on the first-stage step 4 under the influence of elasticity, selecting the part of the cassava hybridized seeds with the heaviest weight as an optimal seed 10, partially dropping the cassava hybridized seeds on the second-stage step 3 under the impact of the elasticity, and selecting a second-highest seed 11. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: tertiary ladder is installed in case body 1, 4 tops of first order ladder are equipped with the mouth of putting, be equipped with lid 2 on the mouth of putting, the mouth of putting is located case body 1, first order ladder 4, two fixed blocks 5 of equal fixedly connected with on second order ladder 3 and the third order ladder top edgewise, 6 fixed connection of polyurethane elastomer are at 5 tops of fixed block, form between polyurethane elastomer 6 and the first order ladder 4 and strike the chamber, 6 tops of polyurethane elastomer bond there is film 7, 4 below of first order ladder are equipped with pump assembly 8, be equipped with branch effluent pipe 9 on the pump assembly 8, pump assembly 8 and impact the chamber and pass through branch effluent pipe 9 intercommunication.
In this embodiment, hybrid cassava seeds to be screened are put into the first-stage step 4 from the material placing opening, then the pump assembly 8 is started, the pump assembly 8 flushes water into the impact cavity, when the polyurethane elastomer 6 expands after encountering water, and the polyurethane elastomer 6 has certain elasticity, under the impact of water, the hybrid cassava seeds on the first step can be subjected to certain elasticity in the process of expanding and bouncing upwards, when part of the hybrid cassava seeds are heavier, the hybrid cassava seeds stay on the first step, the stay hybrid cassava seeds become optimal seeds 10, then part of the hybrid cassava seeds bouncing upwards under the effect of elasticity fall under the effect of inertia force, wherein the hybrid cassava seeds with heavier weight fall onto the second-stage step 3 in a direct potential manner, the part of the hybrid cassava seeds are suboptimal seeds 11, the rest of the other hybrid cassava seeds are lower in weight, so that the hybrid cassava seeds falling to a position outside the second-stage step 3 are poorer hybrid cassava seeds, thereby, through the design of the polyurethane elastomer 6, the hybrid cassava seeds can be selected under the effect of water, the optimal effect of the expansion of the first-stage step 6 is achieved, the optimal seeds can be selected, the hybrid seeds with different initial optimal yield, and the hybrid seeds can be selected, and the hybrid seeds with different optimal yield can be selected.
And step three, breeding the selected excellent hybrid cassava seeds, wherein the breeding method comprises the steps of dividing pot soil, sowing the hybrid cassava seeds, placing the pot in a greenhouse, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 28 ℃.
In conclusion, in the embodiment, the cauda rubra with high yield is selected as the female parent, so that the yield after hybridization is higher, the male flower and the female flower are sleeved in bags in a proper time, accidental pollination by wind, insects and the like can be avoided, so that the hybridization is unsuccessful, meanwhile, the time for removing the male flower and the time for pollination are different, the achieved effects are different, before the flower is selected to open during the removing of the male flower, so that the subsequent pollination is successfully stored, and the pollination is selected within a few hours after the flower just opens, so that the flourishing force of the flower is strong at the moment, and the success of the pollination is more facilitated.
Through the design of polyurethane elastomer for it is under the effect of water, polyurethane elastomer self can expand and can up bounce, and then can carry out preliminary selection to the heaviest optimum kind of weight, then the cassava seed of crossing will drop to different ladder departments under the effect of elasticity and its self power, and then elect inferior best kind and relatively poor kind, consequently can elect the seed that suits follow-up growing seedlings on the one hand, on the other hand still can elect the seed of different top grades, in order to classify and grow seedlings, can obtain bigger output.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of specific structures and/or features of the invention has not been set forth herein in any way. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A breeding method of cassava germplasm resources is characterized by comprising the following steps: by utilizing a cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction sterility principle, a female parent S1 of a cassava advantage combination S1 multiplied by S2 is cultivated into a cytoplasmic male sterile line A1, a male parent S2 is cultivated into a cytoplasmic male sterility maintainer line B2 with the high sterility of a first filial generation, the A1 and the B2 are hybridized to form a first filial generation which is cassava seed with high sterility, the first filial generation A1 multiplied by B2 is graded and screened by taking weight as a standard, and the qualified first filial generation A1 multiplied by B2 is screened for seedling culture.
2. The breeding method of cassava germplasm resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step one, matching dominant combinations S1 and S2,
step two, the female parent S1 is cultivated into a cytoplasmic male sterile line A1, the male parent S2 is cultivated into a cytoplasmic male sterile maintainer line B2,
step three, carrying out grading screening on the A1 × B2 first generation by taking weight as a standard, wherein the grading screening is mainly carried out by placing hybridized cassava seeds on a first step on three steps, injecting water into the first step, expanding and bouncing the polyurethane elastomer on the first step after meeting water, still remaining part of the cassava hybridized seeds on the first step under the influence of elasticity, selecting the cassava hybridized seeds with the heaviest weight as the best seeds, partially dropping the cassava hybridized seeds on a second step under the impact of the elasticity, and selecting the second best seeds,
and step four, breeding the selected high-quality seeds.
3. The breeding method of cassava germplasm resources according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the first step, the S1 and the S2 comprise red-tail seeds and glutinous rice cassava, wherein the plant of the cassava hybrid seeds taking the red-tail seeds as female parents accounts for 60 jin above 3 jin, the plant of the cassava hybrid seeds taking the glutinous rice cassava as female parents accounts for 8.3 jin above 3 jin, and therefore the red-tail seeds are selected as the S1, and the glutinous rice cassava is selected as the S2.
4. The breeding method of cassava germplasm resources according to claim 3, characterized in that: the breeding process of the A1 XB 2 first generation comprises emasculation and pollination.
5. The breeding method of cassava germplasm resources according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the emasculation comprises the steps of shearing male flowers and opened female flowers of red-tail seeds by using scissors, only leaving the opened female flowers on the same day, sleeving a transparent paper bag for hybridization and fixing by using a clip, shearing the female flowers of the cassava by using the scissors, sleeving the transparent paper bag for hybridization and fixing by using the clip.
6. The breeding method of cassava germplasm resources according to claim 5, characterized in that: the male removing time is selected to be between 9 and 10 months, and before the female flowers and the male flowers open at 9 to 11 am of a fine day.
7. The breeding method of cassava germplasm resources according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: and the pollination refers to that the male flowers of the glutinous rice cassava which are just opened and sleeved in the paper bag are placed in a culture dish, the culture dish is taken beside the female flowers of the red tail seeds, the paper bag sleeved on the female flowers in the red tail is opened, the pollen of the male flowers of the glutinous rice cassava is scattered onto the developed female flower stigmas, then the paper bag of the female flowers of the red tail seeds is sleeved, and the paper bag is removed 2-3 days after the pollination is finished.
8. The breeding method of cassava germplasm resources according to claim 7, characterized in that: the pollination time is selected from 2-4 hours after the male and female flowers bloom at noon.
9. The breeding method of cassava germplasm resources according to claim 8, characterized in that: the seedling raising method comprises the steps of planting soil in different pots, sowing cassava hybrid seeds, placing the pots in a greenhouse, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 28 ℃.
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Citations (5)
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| WO2016118091A2 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-07-28 | The Thai Tapioca Development Institute Under The Patronage Of Hrh Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn | Process for improving waxy-starch cassava variety having improved qualifications and low cyanide |
| CN110896849A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-24 | 重庆市渝东南农业科学院 | High-sterility-based carmine radish seed cultivation method |
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-
2022
- 2022-08-22 CN CN202211022140.XA patent/CN115281070A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001006845A1 (en) * | 1999-07-25 | 2001-02-01 | State Of Israel/Ministry Of Agriculture | A method for obtaining 100 % male sterile plants to serve as the female parent in hybrid seeds production |
| CN103461096A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-25 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Artificial-bursting cross pollination method for cassava |
| WO2016118091A2 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-07-28 | The Thai Tapioca Development Institute Under The Patronage Of Hrh Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn | Process for improving waxy-starch cassava variety having improved qualifications and low cyanide |
| CN110896849A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-24 | 重庆市渝东南农业科学院 | High-sterility-based carmine radish seed cultivation method |
| CN113141809A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-23 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Pecan seed preservation and seedling raising method |
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