CN1034601A - 构成支承架的结构件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提出一种其槽隙通向互相平行延伸的圆柱形空
腔的连接件,支承杆的悬挂头做成长度与空腔长度相
同、断面形状与空腔断面相配的、在支承杆端部压扁
段内的加粗体。此种结构克服现有技术中只能用于
互相垂直的支承杆、安装在时的缺点,可以简化安装,
并能构成稳定的支承架。
新型的结构件适合于构成临时性结构,例如博览
会和展览会的建筑物。
Description
本发明涉及一种构成支承架的结构件,它由支承杆和至少一个连接件组成,该连接件有多条互相平行的、一边开口的槽隙,支承杆端部的比槽隙宽的悬挂头被抱住在槽隙内,并被盖住槽隙自由端的盖板限定在槽隙内。
已有的这类支承架(DE-GM83 30 969)用于构成脚手架。该已知的结构件是一个球体形的连接件,它有四个互以90°角交接的外表面,在各该外表面上有一个向一侧开口的槽隙,该槽隙向里形成一个T形的扩展空间。在该槽隙内可以嵌入一个与该T形相配的悬挂头,该悬挂头装设于支承杆的端部。连接件的中心孔没有螺纹,使同心地安装在支承管中的螺栓得以旋入。当垂直的支承杆的悬挂头已嵌入其槽隙以后,装上一个盖板,该盖板有一个中间块,它一方面将悬挂头的位置固定住,另一方面又防止从垂直方向旋入的支承管上的螺栓松动。用这种方式建造的脚手架只能由垂直方向和水平方向布置的互成直角的支承杆件构成。要建造这样一个脚手架是很费时的,因为有大量必需的拧螺丝工作量要完成。此外,整个结构由于大量必需的构件和必须在相对方向同时安装而费用很高。
另外还有一种用于杆形构件组成的结构的连接件(DE-OS24 57 674),它可用于支承型框架,如脚手架或骨架等结构,它不限于直角相交的支承杆。在这种结构中使用的连接件是由空心半球体组成,它的沿着大圆周布置的槽隙可以在各种角度嵌入带螺母的螺杆或装在支承杆端部的螺丝头。使用这样的连接件可以构成拼装成支承架所需的四面体或者甚至是正六面体的基础件。对于这样构成的支承架其建造所需的基础件的费用相对较高,其安装工作比较繁琐并需一定条件,这些条件包括其作为连接件的空心半球体的内部为了能固定住螺栓头或螺母应该是可以及到的,或者当支承管的横销或悬挂头插入槽隙以后需要有附加装置来防止支承管随后的转动。这样一种系统的安装需要对每一根支承杆进行紧螺丝的工作,因而是费时而且是繁复的工作。
最后,还有一种已有的装置(《德国建筑报导》,1967年第3期,226页),它使用端部扁平的管形杆件,该杆件用铝制成,当需要高强度时也可用钢制成,其端部具有缺口心便压入连接件的槽隙后被其卡住。它的安装由于必须找到其被夹紧的位置而是费工的。为了不同的使用目的,必须配置不同的挤压成型的连接件和与之相配的杆件。
本发明的任务是创造出一种可用于博览会展厅支承架的构件,它的设计要简单,并在简易地组装和拆卸的条件下具有最大可能的稳定性,该构件所用的支承杆也要能在偏离90°的角度下装配起来。
本任务的解决是采用本说明书开头时所述的结构件,其特征是所述的槽隙与平行延伸于连接件内的圆柱形的空腔相通,所述的悬挂头是在支承杆的压扁的端部处形成的长度与空腔相同、断面与空腔相配的加粗体。采用这些措施后该支承杆可以很简单地使它的端部以被紧紧抱住的方式插在所述的连接件的圆柱形空腔内,通过相对来说很大的接触面的抱紧作用使局部受力很小。在这样的条件下有可能使用比在常规结构中使用者强度较小的材料来制造连接件和支承杆而不致影响支承架的稳定性。
当该加粗体是由管子端部压扁段的自由端卷制而成的隆起体时,它更具有优点。采用这一措施后该支承管及其端部的悬挂头可以是一体构成的。因此它的制造工艺将是简单的,而且在支承管本身与悬挂部分的连接处不会发生问题。
所述的隆起体可以与支承杆的轴线成90°或不等于90°的角度,这样就可以用一个共用的连接件把位于不同平面内的支承杆连接起来,这样就以很简单的方式使得有可能组成角锥体的或四方体的基础单元来构成支承架。在所有的条件下都只需将由压扁的管子自由端卷制而成的隆起体从连接件的空腔的一端插入,并用一个以螺丝紧固的盖板将其保持在空腔内。所述的连接件是拔制而成的、在纵向截平并具有穿透的空腔的异形件,所述的空腔两端可由用螺丝紧固于该异形件的盖板盖住。盖板中至少有一个具有滚花的周边,其行挠幸桓龉套庞谄渖系穆菟浚寐菟抗┬肓蛹瞬康囊桓雎菘住K堑慕峁苟际翘乇鸺虻サ摹?
本发明为了使能轻便地用手将圆柱形的隆起体插入相应的空腔内,在隆起体和空腔之间留有相对较大的游隙。在一个支承架内,按照它的部件承受的是拉伸力或是压缩力,在所有的连接点上,例如在上弦杆或下弦杆的连接点上,这些游隙都是叠加起来的,这样不管支承架是否承受附加的外力,它总是不可避免地会有挠度。为了弥补这一缺点,本发明的特征是采用两种连接件,即拉伸型连接件和压缩型连接件,拉伸型连接件的空腔加上容差后的尺寸靠向连接件的中心,而压缩型连接件的空腔加上容差后的尺寸则靠向连接件的外缘,其结果是连接件上各空腔轴线所在的直径在拉伸型连接件上要比在压缩型连接件的相应的直径小些。这些连接件根据其类型装设在支承架内承受拉力或压力的连接点上。这种所谓的拉伸型或压缩型连接件的设计使得支承杆的隆起体与空腔内壁相壁相靠的着力面处不留公差。这样,虽然为了便于隆起体插入圆柱形而仍然留有足够的游隙,但可避免由于公差引起的支承架的挠曲。
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明进行说明:
图1是由5个连接件和8根支承杆构成的用于支承架的基础单元的侧视图,
图2是图1中的基础单元的俯视图,
图3是图1所示的基础单元底层内的一根支承杆的俯视图,
图4是图3中的支承杆的侧视图,
图5是图1所示的基础单元的对角斜面上的支承杆的俯视图,
图6是图5中的支承杆的侧视图,
图7是同连接件相连的两根支承杆端部的透视示意图,
图8是图7中的连接件连同一根装入的支承杆的俯视图,
图9是采用图1和图2所示的根据本发明的结构件构成的支承架。
图1和图2示出了用于构成支承架的基础单元,该支承架是采用了以本发明的结构件组成的多个同样的基础单元构成的(如图9所示)。在图1和图2所示的基础单元的角锥体有一个正方形的底层和四个等腰三角形的边面,其底层有4根支承杆(1),这些支承杆的端部都各自固定于一个异形连接件(3)内,该连接件的构造示于图7和图8。从这些位于方框四角的异形连接件(3)伸出4根支承杆(2)斜着向上连到角锥体的中心,在该处位于垂直于底面的中线(11)上有第5个异形连接件(3)。支承杆(2)与底面形成一个角度(α),该角度在本实施例中为37.5°。在图2的俯视图中的角度(β)为45°。
从图3和图4可见,每根支承杆(1)是由管子制成的,其两端压扁形成一个平面段(1a),然后在端部制成一个形似圆柱体的隆起体(8)。该两个隆起体(8)的轴线(12)与管子的轴线(1′)是垂直的。隆起体(8)是将管子(1)的平面段(1a)卷制而成(见图8)。这样一种结构具有的优点是管子(1)连同它的连接部是一体构成的。当然也可以在压扁的平面段(1a)铆上与平面段(1a)同样高度的两个用板材制成的半圆柱体,或者将平面段(1a)分开向两侧模压成半球形或椭圆形,使之在俯视图上具有图3中所示的那种圆形的断面。它是用来装在异形连接件(3)的圆柱形空腔(6)内的,对此在后面还要述及。
图5和图6示出的斜向支承管(2)的结构具有类似的原理。这些支承管(2)的端部也是压扁的,但它的平面段(2a)是与支承管(2)的轴线(2′)成一个角度(α)的。它的自由端也是卷制成一个圆柱形的隆起体(8′),该隆起体的轴线也与支承管(2)的轴线(2′)形成夹角(α)。在本发明的实施例中该角度(α)为37.5°。
图7和图8表明,要构成图1和图2所示的基础单元,并且再拼装其他支承杆以构成一个支承架,只需将具有隆起体(8)的支承杆(1)或相似的支承杆(2)的端部插入圆柱形空腔(6),即可保证支承管(1)与异形连接件(3)的连接。
本凳├械囊煨瘟蛹?)是一个拉拔成型的异形件,它的轴向长度为(h),与支承杆(1或2)的隆起体(8,8′)的高度(h)相同。沿着此拉拔异形件(例如用铝制成)的圆周开有均布的槽隙(4),这些槽隙通向各自的圆柱形空腔(6),空腔(6)的轴线平行于槽隙(4),也与该圆柱形的异形连接件(3)本身的轴线(13)平行。从空腔(6)导向外侧的槽隙(4)的宽度比支承管(1或2)的端部压扁段(1a)的宽度稍大,空腔(6)的直径与支承管自由端压扁段卷制成的隆起体(8或8′)的直径大致相当。采用这样的结构时虽然留有少量的游隙以使该隆起体易于插入空腔,但当隆起体(8或8′)装到异形连接件(3)去以后,由于形状引起的抱紧作用足以使得支承杆(1或2)在连接件(3)内被固定住。在抱紧状态下隆起体(8,8′)和空腔(6)之间互相接触的面积相对来说是很大的。这就使得由此造成的表面挤压可保持在较小的范围,因而也可以用铝制的支承管(1和2)。这样,用本发明的结构件构成的支承架可以相对地做得较轻。这种结构对于例如博览会或展览会的建筑物是很有价值的,因为这类建筑物的构件在组装前或拆卸后往往需要运往它处。此外,轻型构件也便于操作。
异形连接件(3),如图7所示,在其底面有一个与其直径相同的盖板(5a)将其盖住。当组装所需的所有支承杆(1或2)的隆起体(8或8′)都已插入异形连接件(3)以后,其顶面也可用另外一个与(5a)相同的盖板(5)将其盖住。为此,盖板(5)在其中心有一个固着于其上的螺丝(9),它可以旋入在异形连接件(3)内的一个对应的螺孔(14)。盖板(5)以及相应的盖板(5a)的外周滚有花纹(15)以便方便和快速地用手将螺丝(9)旋入螺纹(10)。在盖板顶部开有一个供插入工具的凹陷(16)(它可以是一个内六角孔),以供最后用工具将盖板旋紧。
从图1和图2可清楚地看出,可以用图中所示的基础单元构成如图9所示的那种支承架。可以在作为基础单元的角锥体的底面的支承杆(1)旁边平排地拼上另外一个角锥体,而将两个相邻角锥体的顶部用一根连接杆(17)连起来,该连接杆实际上也是一根支承杆(1),但为了清楚地表达起见,此处用了代号(17)而不用(1)。
显然,为了加强图1和图2中的作为基础结构单元的角锥体的底面内的强度,也可以加装对角的斜撑,这些斜撑在图2的俯视图中正好在向上的支承杆2的下方,其每根长度等于正方形底面对角线的一半。
当然也可以采用除了底面为方形的角锥体以外的其他形状的基础结构单元。在异形连接件(3)上布置的8个旋转对称的空腔使得可以装设多达8根位于垂直于连接件(3)轴线的平面内的支承杆,也可以以倾斜角(α)斜向装设,该倾斜角(α)也可改变。总之,使用图3至图6的两种支承杆(1和2)以及配有盖板(5,5a)的异形连接件(3),在必要时再加一些前面提到的对角斜撑,就足以构成一般要求的所有形状的支承架。
前已提及,在隆起体(8,8′)和它所插入的空腔(6)之间留有一定的游隙,这样可以不需工具就把隆起体插入空腔内。但这样的间隙将会使如图9那样的支承架在其四个外角被支柱(S)各自支承在地面上,有时甚至在箭头(B)的方向还承受一个附加载荷时,支承架的中部会挠曲向下。在大跨度的条件下,依据使用的支承杆的长度和连接点的个数-在本实例中在纵向共有七个-其中部的挠度可能达到相当大的程度,有时会有好几厘米,在某些情况下甚至还可以用肉眼看出来。
为了避免这样的挠曲,可以使用两种不同型式的连接件,它们在原理方面是相同的,但在图8所示的尺寸(A和D)方面则是有差别的。例如在图9所示的支承架(支撑屋顶的支架)中,存在着所谓“拉伸型连接件”(3″)和“压缩型连接件”(3′),它们分别连接桁架的下弦杆(拉伸型连接件,3″)和上弦杆(压缩型连接件3′)。如所周知的,在图9的支承架内所有的压缩型连接件(3′)都承受压应力,而所有的拉伸型连接件(3″)都承受拉应力。
拉伸型和压缩型连接件的造型是这样的:在加上隆起体(8,8′)和空腔(6)之间的容差总和后,尺寸(D)以及在同样空腔断面尺寸下与之相关的尺寸(A),对于拉伸型连接件(3″)来说,要比压缩型连接件(3′)的小些。这是因为压缩型连接件(3′)的所有公差都留在向外的一侧,而拉伸型连接件(3″)的所有公差都留在向中心的一侧。这样就可避免由于公差引起的支承架的挠曲。
在图7和图8所示的那种异形连接件的实施例中,连接件的外径为45毫鬃笥遥煨土蛹?″)的尺寸(D)约为31.5毫米,压缩型连接件(3′)的尺寸(D)则为33.5毫米,空腔(6)的直径约为9毫米,每一个连接件的总容差为1毫米左右(每组隆起体和空腔之间的游隙约为0.25毫米),这样就导致两种型式的连接件的直径(D)之间具有2毫米的差别。
当然,压缩型和拉伸型连接件也可以有其他的尺寸偏差,从而有相应的在尺寸(D)方面的差别。
Claims (10)
1、构成支承架的结构件,它由支承杆(1,2)和至少一个连接件(3)组成,该连接件有多条互相平行的、一边开口的槽隙(4),支承杆(1,2)端部的比槽隙宽的悬挂头被抱住在槽隙内,并被盖住槽隙(4)自由端的盖板(5)限定在槽隙内,其特征是所述的槽隙(4)与平行延伸的圆柱形空腔(6)相通,所述的悬挂头是在支承杆(1,2)的压扁的端部(1a,2a)处形成的长度与空腔(6)相同、断面与空腔(6)相配的加粗体(8)。
2、根据权利要求1的结构件,其特征是该加粗体是一个圆柱形的隆起体(8)。
3、根据权利要求1和2的结构件,其特征是所述的隆起体(8)是将管子端部(1a,2a)压扁段的自由端(1e)卷成的。
4、根据权利要求1至3的结构件,其特征是所述的隆起体(8)的延伸方向与支承杆(1)的轴线(1′)成90°。
5、根据权利要求1至3的结构件,其特征是所述的隆起体(8′)的延伸方向与支承杆(2)的轴线(2′)形成不等于90°的角度(α)。
6、根据权利要求1的结构件,其特征是所述的连接件(3)是拔制的、在纵向截平并具有穿透的空腔(6)的异形件,该空腔(6)两端可由用螺丝紧固于该异形件的盖板(5,5a)盖住。
7、根据权利要求6的结构件,其特征是其盖板中至少有一个(5)具有滚花的周边,其中心有一个固着于其上的螺丝(9),该螺丝(9)供旋入连接件(3)端部中心的螺纹(10)。
8、根据权利要求6的结构件,其特征是在异形连接件(3)上开有8个与连接件(3)轴线旋转对称的空腔(6)。
9、根据权利要求1的结构件,其所述的加粗体的尺寸和空腔的断面尺寸选择得使悬挂头可以轻便地插入空腔,其特征是它采用两种连接件,即拉伸型连接件和压缩型连接件,拉伸型连接件的空腔加上其容差后的尺寸向连接件的中心偏移,而压缩型连接件的空腔加上其容差后的尺寸则向连接件的外缘偏移。
10、根据权利要求2至9的结构件,其特征是所述的圆柱形空腔的中心轴位于一条直径上,该直径在拉伸型连接件上由于其空腔容差的影响而比压缩型连接件上的相应的直径小些。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DEP3800547.6 | 1988-01-12 | ||
DE3800547A DE3800547A1 (de) | 1988-01-12 | 1988-01-12 | Bausatz zur herstellung von tragwerken |
XP88/01029 | 1988-11-12 | ||
PC88/01029 | 1988-11-12 | ||
PCT/EP1988/001029 WO1989006724A1 (fr) | 1988-01-12 | 1988-11-12 | Jeu d'elements de construction pour charpentes de support |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1034601A true CN1034601A (zh) | 1989-08-09 |
CN1028442C CN1028442C (zh) | 1995-05-17 |
Family
ID=6345069
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN88108787A Expired - Fee Related CN1028442C (zh) | 1988-01-12 | 1988-12-21 | 构成支承架的结构件 |
Country Status (25)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US4951440A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0393090B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0718193B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR0138523B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1028442C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR247263A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE80684T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU607031B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG60113B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8807418A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1314126C (zh) |
DE (4) | DE8816884U1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK164559C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2011533A6 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI92508C (zh) |
GR (1) | GR1000673B (zh) |
HU (1) | HU209169B (zh) |
IE (1) | IE61779B1 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN168282B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO170948C (zh) |
OA (1) | OA09089A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU1794151C (zh) |
TR (1) | TR24459A (zh) |
UA (1) | UA9868A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1989006724A1 (zh) |
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- 1988-01-12 DE DE8816884U patent/DE8816884U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-12 DE DE3800547A patent/DE3800547A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-02-16 DE DE3804792A patent/DE3804792A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-08-31 IN IN249/BOM/88A patent/IN168282B/en unknown
- 1988-11-12 DE DE8888910012T patent/DE3874755D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-12 WO PCT/EP1988/001029 patent/WO1989006724A1/de active IP Right Grant
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1989
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CN105350756A (zh) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-02-24 | 重庆钢星建筑工程有限公司 | 脚手架 |
CN106013439A (zh) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-10-12 | 天津大学 | 一种翼缘栓接腹板焊接型铝合金空间结构节点 |
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