CN103443329B - 用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理所述表面的含水组合物 - Google Patents

用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理所述表面的含水组合物 Download PDF

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CN103443329B
CN103443329B CN201180062853.2A CN201180062853A CN103443329B CN 103443329 B CN103443329 B CN 103443329B CN 201180062853 A CN201180062853 A CN 201180062853A CN 103443329 B CN103443329 B CN 103443329B
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S.布凯哈诺瓦
M.科曼德
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理所述表面的含水组合物。所述含水组合物通过向水中加入a)至少钠、钾和/或铵水玻璃和b)至少一种硅烷得到，其中a)与b)的用量比，在每种情况下包括所得的反应产物，优选为0.1:1‑2:1。

Description

用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理所述表面 的含水组合物
本发明涉及一种用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理所述表面的含水组合物。
使用了各种方法用于金属建筑材料的腐蚀保护，所述方法设计为保护表面和提高漆料层的粘合性。通过向金属建筑材料施加含铬(VI)或铬(III)磷酸盐层，其表面对于电化学腐蚀侵蚀钝化，漆料层的粘合性得以提高，所述金属建筑材料如热镀锌(热浸镀锌)或辊轧钢(HDG,Z“镀锌处理”(galvanneal))、电镀锌(EZ)钢、锌/铝沉积("Galfan",ZA)、铝/锌沉积("Galvalume," AZ)、锌/镁 (ZMg)、铝、预调质处理的耐腐蚀钢(CGR)、或纯锌。至于铬(VI)以及铬(III)化合物的毒性，已经努力降低或完全避免其在用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面的含水组合物中和由其形成的表面涂层中的含量。
文献DE19814605 A1描述了用于密封金属表面的含水分散体，所述分散体含有至少一种硅烷衍生物和胶体硅酸和/或胶体硅酸盐。使用环氧和/或水解的环氧硅烷如环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷或羟基化的3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷与多硅酸锂一起作为硅烷衍生物。然而，与已知的铬酸盐化处理法相比，所述含水分散体在由其达到的用于这样处理的金属建筑材料的腐蚀保护方面具有明显的缺点。因此，还需要用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理金属建筑材料表面的含水组合物。
所述目的通过用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理所述表面的含水组合物得以实现，其中所述含水组合物通过将a)至少钠、钾和/或铵水玻璃和b)至少一种硅烷加入到水中获得，其中a)与b)的用量比，在每种情况下包括所得的反应产物，优选为0.1:1-2:1。作为水优选使用具有的电导率为0.01-1.00µS/cm的、在工业意义上完全脱盐（VE）的水或相当的蒸馏水。
含水组合物有利地通过将a)0.5-30重量%的至少一种水玻璃和b)0.05-5重量%的至少一种硅烷加入水中获得。
特别优选的含水组合物是其中在用于预处理的组合物中的浓度相当于a)0.5-10重量%的水玻璃和b)0.05-2重量%的硅烷。
在含水组合物的浓缩物中，浓度相当于a)10-30重量%的水玻璃和b)1.5-5重量%的硅烷。
含水组合物中的硅烷优选含有一个或两个氨基。
所述硅烷含有一个或多个氨基，并选自氨基烷基氨基烷基烷基二烷氧基硅烷、双(三烷氧基甲硅烷基烷基)胺、氨基烷基三烷氧基硅烷、氨基烷基氨基烷基三烷氧基硅烷。
特别地，硅烷含有一个氨基，并选自双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺、双(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
或者，氨基硅烷含有两个或多个氨基，并选自γ-脲基丙基三烷氧基硅烷、N-(3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)亚乙基二胺、N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ- 氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ- 氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(γ-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)二亚乙基三胺、N- (γ-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)二亚乙基三胺、聚氨基烷基乙基二烷氧基硅烷、聚氨基烷基甲基二烷氧基硅烷。
另外，有利地以0.01-3重量%的量将c)至少一种选自杂环化合物、碳酸酰胺和/或乙酰丙酮化物的有机腐蚀抑制剂加入到含水组合物中。
所述杂环化合物选自巯基苯并噻唑、苯并三唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、羟基喹啉、2-巯基苯并咪唑，所述碳酸酰胺选自脲、硫脲、二甲基硫脲、二乙基硫脲、二丁基硫脲、烯丙基硫脲、甲基硫脲和氨基硫脲，和/或乙酰丙酮化物选自金属锰、钒、钛和锆的乙酰丙酮化物。
优选以在用于预处理的组合物中0.01-0.7重量%的量将有机腐蚀抑制剂加入到含水组合物中。
在含水组合物的浓缩物中，有机腐蚀抑制剂以0.5-3重量%的量添加。
另外，以0.01-15重量%的量向含水组合物中有利地加入d)至少一种选自染料、UV光指示剂、润湿剂或流动控制添加剂和/或pH调节剂的添加剂。
向含水组合物中加入若丹明B、孔雀绿、曙红B、荧光素钠、汽巴蓝、汽巴黄、EXP0665UV、荧光增白剂 CBS-X作为染料或UV光指示剂；加入Triton DF-16、Zonyl® FSO作为润湿剂或流动控制添加剂；和/或加入乙酸、氨、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、硝酸、磷酸或硫酸作为pH调节剂。
在用于预处理的含水组合物中，以组合物的0.01-5重量%的量加入添加剂。
在含水组合物的浓缩物中，以组合物的0.5-15重量%的量加入添加剂。
根据本发明，所述含水组合物是通过将a)至少钠、钾和/或铵水玻璃和b)至少一种硅烷加入到水中制备，其中a)与b)的用量比，在每种情况下包括所得的反应产物，优选为0.1:1-2:1。通常，为了这一目的提供具有0.01-1.00µS/cm的电导率的VE水，任选地加入腐蚀抑制剂，和如果需要的话，通过用酸和/或碱调节pH将其溶解。如果合适的话，随后加入其它添加剂。将一定量的水玻璃和接着将未稀释的硅烷在搅拌下加入到含水组合物中。搅拌大约15分钟后，偶尔发生的浑浊消失。
通过辊涂、流涂、刮涂、喷雾、喷洒、刷涂或浸涂和任选地随后用辊挤压将所述含水组合物施加到金属建筑材料上，所述金属建筑材料选自热镀锌钢或辊轧钢、电镀锌钢、带有锌/铝沉积、铝/锌沉积或锌/镁的钢、铝、铝合金、预调质处理的耐腐蚀钢或纯锌。
金属建筑材料优选仅用含水组合物涂覆和钝化。这样金属构造的外观是保持几乎没有改变。
或者，在每种情况下将至少一种由印刷油墨、薄膜、漆料、漆类材料、粉状漆料、粘合剂和/或粘合剂载体形成的涂层施加到用该含水组合物制成的干燥的涂层上。使用的涂层选自聚氯乙烯、二组分(2K)环氧底漆、丙烯酸酯、2K聚氨酯、2K氟聚合物和聚酯体系。
含水组合物有利地在5-50℃的温度下施涂到金属表面，其中所述金属表面在涂层施涂过程中保持在5-60℃的温度，和将涂覆的金属表面在20-400℃的温度下用循环空气干燥。
经涂覆的条带任选在冷却至40-70℃的温度后卷绕成卷材。
用根据本发明的涂料组合物处理过的基材显示了酸蚀除去率只有0.01-2.0g/m²·h。所述涂料组合物在测量精确度范围内不含重金属和氟化物离子。
本发明下面参考12个实施例进行解释。各自的组成示于表1中，盐雾试验后的蠕变（Unterwanderung）结果在图1中证明，T-弯曲试验后漆料剥落的结果在图2中证明。为此，用实验室涂布机将根据本发明的含水组合物施涂到碱清洁过的热镀锌钢板上。随后将各个施涂的层在150℃下干燥1分钟。最后施涂由底漆和面漆组成的基于环氧树脂-双酚A体系的和提供用于建筑领域的卷材涂覆漆料体系并适当地进行焙烧。
在下面参考5个实施例更详细地说明本发明。
实施例1
用实验室涂布机将由0.5-10重量%的钾水玻璃或钠水玻璃和0.05-2重量%的至少一种氨基硅烷组成的含水组合物施涂到碱清洁过的热镀锌钢片上。然后将施涂的层在烘箱中在150℃的温度下干燥1分钟。接着施涂由聚酯/聚酯基的底漆和面漆组成的和提供用于建筑领域的卷材涂覆漆料体系并适当地进行焙烧。
施涂2K聚酯清漆以保护片材的背面不受腐蚀。
在样品以规定的方式划线之后，在盐雾室中测试它们的腐蚀性能。在T-弯曲试验中测试涂层的粘合强度。
实施例2
用实验室涂布机将由0.5-10重量%的钾水玻璃或钠水玻璃、0.05-2重量%的至少一种含有两个氨基的氨基硅烷和0.01-0.7重量%的至少一种含硫的碳酸酰胺组成的含水组合物施涂到碱清洁过的热镀锌钢片上。然后将施涂的层在烘箱中在150℃的温度下干燥1分钟。接着施涂由聚酯/聚酯基的底漆和面漆组成的和提供用于建筑领域的卷材涂覆漆料体系并适当地进行焙烧。
施涂2K聚酯清漆以保护片材的背面不受腐蚀。
在样品以规定的方式划线之后，在盐雾室中测试它们的腐蚀性能。在T-弯曲试验中测试涂层的粘合强度。
实施例3
用实验室涂布机将由0.5-10重量%的钾水玻璃或钠水玻璃、0.05-2重量%的至少一种含有两个氨基的氨基硅烷、0.01-0.7重量%的至少一种含硫的杂环化合物、0.01-15重量%的用于调节pH的碱性添加剂和0.01-15重量%的至少一种流动控制添加剂组成的含水组合物施涂到碱清洁过的锌/镁片上。然后将施涂的层在烘箱中在150℃的温度下干燥1分钟。接着施涂由聚氨酯/聚酯基的底漆和面漆组成的和提供用于建筑领域的卷材涂覆漆料体系并适当地进行焙烧。
施涂2K聚酯清漆以保护片材的背面不受腐蚀。
在样品以规定的方式划线之后，在盐雾室中测试它们的腐蚀性能。在T-弯曲试验中测试涂层的粘合强度。
实施例4
用实验室涂布机将由0.5-10重量%的钾水玻璃或钠水玻璃和0.05-2重量%的至少一种含有两个氨基的氨基硅烷组成的含水组合物施涂到碱清洁过的铝片上。然后将施涂的层在烘箱中在150℃的温度下干燥1分钟。接着施涂由聚酯/聚酯基的底漆和面漆组成的和提供用于建筑领域的卷材涂覆漆料体系并适当地进行焙烧。
施涂2K聚酯清漆以保护片材的背面不受腐蚀。
在样品以规定的方式划线之后，在盐雾室中测试它们的腐蚀性能。在T-弯曲试验中测试涂层的粘合强度。
实施例5
用实验室涂布机将由0.5-10重量%的钾水玻璃或钠水玻璃、0.05-2重量%的至少一种含有两个氨基的氨基硅烷和0.01-0.7重量%的至少一种含金属的乙酰丙酮化物组成的含水组合物施涂到碱清洁过的Galfan片上。然后将施涂的层在烘箱中在150℃的温度下干燥1分钟。接着施涂由聚酯/聚氨酯基的底漆和面漆组成的和提供用于建筑领域的卷材涂覆漆料体系并适当地进行焙烧。
施涂2K聚酯清漆以保护片材的背面不受腐蚀。
在样品以规定的方式划线之后，在盐雾室中测试它们的腐蚀性能。在T-弯曲试验中测试涂层的粘合强度。

Claims (16)

1.用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理所述表面的含水组合物，通过向水中加入a)至少钠、钾和/或铵水玻璃和b)至少一种硅烷得到，其中a)与b)的用量比，在每种情况下包括所得的反应产物，为0.1:1-2:1，且其中在用于预处理的组合物中的浓度相当于a)0.5-10重量%的水玻璃和b)0.05-2重量%的硅烷，其特征在于硅烷含有一个或多个氨基。
2.根据权利要求1的含水组合物,其特征在于硅烷含有一个或多个氨基，选自氨基烷基氨基烷基烷基二烷氧基硅烷、双(三烷氧基甲硅烷基烷基)胺、氨基烷基三烷氧基硅烷、氨基烷基氨基烷基三烷氧基硅烷。
3.根据权利要求1的含水组合物,其特征在于所述硅烷含有一个氨基，选自双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺、双(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
4.根据权利要求1的含水组合物,其特征在于所述氨基硅烷含有两个或更多个氨基，选自γ-脲基丙基三烷氧基硅烷、N-(3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)亚乙基二胺、N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ- 氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨基乙基)-γ- 氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(γ-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)二亚乙基三胺、N-(γ-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)二亚乙基三胺、聚氨基烷基乙基二烷氧基硅烷、聚氨基烷基甲基二烷氧基硅烷。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的含水组合物，其特征在于以0.01-3重量%的量加入c)至少一种选自杂环化合物、碳酸酰胺和/或乙酰丙酮化物的有机腐蚀抑制剂。
6.根据权利要求5的含水组合物,其特征在于加入至少一种杂环化合物，其选自巯基苯并噻唑、苯并三唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、羟基喹啉、2-巯基苯并咪唑，
至少一种碳酸酰胺，其选自脲、硫脲、二甲基硫脲、二乙基硫脲、二丁基硫脲、烯丙基硫脲、甲基硫脲和氨基硫脲，和/或
至少一种乙酰丙酮化物，其选自金属锰、钒、钛和锆的乙酰丙酮化物。
7.根据权利要求5的含水组合物，其特征在于将有机腐蚀抑制剂以0.01-0.7重量%的量加入用于预处理的组合物中。
8.根据权利要求5的含水组合物，其特征在于将有机腐蚀抑制剂以0.5-3重量%的量加入到组合物的浓缩物中。
9.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的含水组合物，其特征在于以0.01-15重量%的量加入d)至少一种选自染料或UV光指示剂、润湿剂或流动控制添加剂和/或pH调节剂的添加剂。
10.根据权利要求9的含水组合物,其特征在于加入若丹明B、孔雀绿、曙红B、荧光素钠、汽巴蓝、汽巴黄、荧光增白剂 CBS-X作为染料或UV光指示剂，加入Triton DF-16、Zonyl®FSO作为润湿剂或流动控制添加剂，和/或加入乙酸、氨、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、硝酸、磷酸或硫酸作为pH调节剂。
11.根据权利要求9的含水组合物，其特征在于至少一种添加剂以0.01-5重量%的量加入到用于预处理的组合物中。
12.根据权利要求9的含水组合物，其特征在于至少一种添加剂以0.5-15重量%的量加入到组合物的浓缩物中。
13.用于在进一步涂覆之前预处理金属表面或用于处理所述表面的方法，其特征在于将根据权利要求1－12中任一项的含水组合物在5-50℃的温度下施涂到金属表面，其中所述金属表面在涂层施涂过程中保持在5-60℃的温度，和将涂覆的金属表面在20-400℃的温度下用循环空气干燥。
14.根据权利要求13的方法，其特征在于通过辊涂、流涂、刮涂、喷雾、喷洒、刷涂或浸涂和任选地随后用辊挤压将所述含水组合物施加到金属建筑材料上，所述金属建筑材料选自镀锌钢或辊轧钢、电镀钢、带有热锌/铝沉积、铝/锌沉积或锌/镁的钢、铝或铝合金、预调质处理的耐腐蚀钢或纯锌。
15.根据权利要求14的方法，其特征在于所述金属建筑材料仅用含水组合物涂覆。
16.根据权利要求13或14的方法，其特征在于在每种情况下将至少一种由印刷油墨、薄膜、漆料、粘合剂和/或粘合剂载体形成的涂层施加到干燥的涂层上。
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