CN103419367B - 将零件固定至复合材料件的方法 - Google Patents

将零件固定至复合材料件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103419367B
CN103419367B CN201310131904.3A CN201310131904A CN103419367B CN 103419367 B CN103419367 B CN 103419367B CN 201310131904 A CN201310131904 A CN 201310131904A CN 103419367 B CN103419367 B CN 103419367B
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
resin
panel
composite material
fiber
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CN103419367A (zh
Inventor
艾因卓·麦凯尔维·坎贝尔
丹尼尔·奎恩·休斯顿
阿曼达·凯·弗赖斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种使用插入一个零件并部分插入第二零件的自冲铆钉将零件接合到一起的方法。第二零件包括纤维填充层和树脂基质层，这两者共同形成复合材料件。自冲铆钉延伸进入第二零件，但并未完全穿透基质层。本发明还公开了一种组件，其包括第一零件和第二零件，第二零件包括强化层和树脂层，固定件插入到第二零件中但并未延伸穿过第二层。本发明还公开了一种复合材料件，其包括通过填料强化的第一树脂基质层和不包含填料且厚度超过3微米的第二树脂基质层。

Description

将零件固定至复合材料件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及将零件或面板固定至由树脂和纤维填料制成的复合材料件。
背景技术
由于汽车工业持续专注于减轻车身重量以满足客户对燃油经济性和CAFE的要求，这增加了人们对应用可替代材料(包括碳纤维复合材料)的兴趣。在白车身结构中，连接方法传统上依赖于电阻点焊(例如，在钢结构中)。在铝密集型车辆和其他混合金属连接应用的情况下，自冲铆接(SPR)技术占主导地位。SPR技术的一个优势在于它是一种高产量的装配工艺。而且，该技术与粘合剂兼容，使得这两种方法可结合使用。然而，SPR技术经常面临的挑战在于基板材料必须具有足够的延展性以形成“扣状件”(即，突起)，这是形成接点的结果和提供机械互锁的必要形变。当复合材料件不具有在正面形成“扣状件”的足够延展性时，纤维会通过该表面上的裂缝而暴露出来。表面开裂和纤维移位都是不满足需求的，因为这样会降低接点的持久性并导致过早失效。
复合材料(诸如碳纤维、玻璃纤维或天然纤维复合物)由于涉及将零件连接在一起的挑战而限制了应用。通常情况下，这些复合物的延展性有限并且不能很好地适应产生SPR“扣状件”所需的较大位移和形变。虽然粘合剂过去广泛地用于将复合材料件接合在一起，但是粘接在单独使用时是一种产量较低的方法，并且在胶水固化之前容易移位(即，被接合零件之间相对运动)。其他方法(诸如盲孔铆钉)也可用于将部件固定至复合材料件，但是需要事先穿过零件钻孔或预成型孔来插入盲孔铆钉。钻孔、校准孔、插入盲孔铆钉以及粘接铆钉等装配操作增加了装配成本和机床加工成本。因此需要一种连接方案，既能满足大批量生产需求，又能实现低延展性材料的接合。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决上述问题以及在其他零件接合至复合材料件的应用中与复合材料件的使用相关的其他问题。
本方法可通过自冲铆钉(以下简称“SPR”)来实现。用于插入SPR的工具为铆接机床，其包括冲压机和作为支撑的冲模。
根据本发明的一个方面，公开了一种将零件连接至复合材料件的方法。根据该方法，选择第一零件和第二零件，第二零件包括由填充材料强化的第一树脂基质层和在第二零件一侧的至少部分区域中不包含填充材料的第二树脂基质层。第一和第二零件插入在机床中的固定件和支撑件之间。固定件穿透第一零件和第二零件的第一层并进入第二零件的第二层但不完全穿透第二层。
根据本发明的其他方面，该方法进一步包括通过分别将包括纤维强化材料的填充材料放置在压缩成型模具中以及将树脂基质沉积到压缩成型模具中来在压缩成型模具中成型第二零件。该方法还可以包括通过两步将树脂基质沉积到压缩成型模具中。在第一步中，将树脂沉积到压缩成型模具中以将填充材料封装在第一层中。在第二步中，将树脂沉积到压缩成型模具中的第二层中。在另一种方法中，该方法还可以包括在压缩成型模具的预定部分(即，第二层形成的位置)处设置网纹表面。网纹表面抑制填充材料成为第二层的一部分。无论采用哪种方法，第二层的厚度都会超过3微米。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种组件，其包括通过固定件接合在一起的第一零件和由复合材料形成的第二零件。第二零件具有通过填充材料强化的第一树脂基质层和在第二零件一侧的至少部分上不包含填充材料的第二树脂基质层。固定件穿过第一零件并部分穿过第二零件延伸。该固定件延伸进入第二层而不穿透第二层。
根据本发明的其他方面，由于其涉及装配，因此固定件可以是具有完全穿透填充材料延伸的管状部分的自冲铆钉。然而，填充材料并不会在第二零件的与第一零件相反的一侧上暴露。管状部分可以在第二零件内部展开以将第一零件固定至第二零件。填充物可以是在树脂基质中随机分布或阵列分布的纤维强化材料。第二零件的第二层可以设置在第一层上的局部区域中，自冲铆钉在该区域压入组件中。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种复合材料件，其包括具有纤维强化材料的第一层和未进行强化以在复合材料件的层中提供附加延展性的第二层。不包含填充材料的第二树脂基质层设置在第二部件一侧的至少部分区域中并且厚度可超过3微米。复合材料件中的填充材料可以是在树脂基质内随机分布或阵列分布的纤维强化材料。第二层可以在第一层的区域上限定空置区域。树脂基质可以是热塑性或热固性树脂。填充物质可以是碳纤维、玻璃纤维、云母、天然纤维等。
本领域的技术人员在阅读附图及以下所公开实施例的详细说明之后，会更深入理解本发明的这些和其他方面。
附图说明
图1A-1D是示出利用自冲铆接机床将自冲铆钉插入两个面板的由初始设置至铆接工艺完成的制造过程的一系列示意图；
图2是示出一个铆钉处于即将插入金属件和复合材料件的位置的示意图；
图3是示出自冲铆钉穿透第一面板并插入具有附加树脂基质的第二复合材料面板的局部截面图；
图4是以部分截面示出在具有附加树脂基质材料的区域中使用自冲铆钉接合在一起的一对面板的正面的立体图。
具体实施方式
下面提供了本发明的示意性实施例的详细描述。所公开的实施例是本发明的实例，其能够以多种形式和替代形式实施。图示未按比例绘制。若干部件被放大或缩小以显示特定构件的细节。在本申请中所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而是仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员如何实践本发明的典型基础。
参照图1A至图1D，自冲铆接机床整体由参考标号10表示。自冲铆接机床10用于将自冲铆钉12(以下简称“SPR”)插入第一面板(或零件)16和第二面板(或零件)18。第一面板可以是钢、铝或其他金属面板，或者可选地可以为复合材料件，诸如包含纤维强化树脂的SMC(超级镀膜)复合面板。第二面板或零件18为复合面板，在其下侧优选地设置有附加基质材料。第二面板或零件18的结构会参照图2-4进行更为详细的描述。
图1A所示第一面板16和第二面板18被夹持在防皱压板20和冲模22之间，防皱压板20和冲模22接合面板堆叠的相对侧。还可提供具有各种组分的额外面板。本发明适用于包括三层、四层或更多层具有不同厚度和组分的面板。当冲压机24冲压铆钉时，冲模22为面板16和18提供支撑。
参照图1B，其示出了铆接工艺的第一部分，其中，在面板16和18上形成压痕26，面板16和18被压入形成于冲模22中的果仁状突起(pip)28中。尽管在所示实施例中示出了果仁状突起28，但是具有平坦表面的冲模22也可以在所公开的工艺中使用。铆钉12包括中空管状部分30，其被压入第一面板16和第二面板18中以将面板接合在一起。
参照图1C，示出了通过冲压机24将铆钉12完全插入到第一面板16和第二面板18中直到铆钉与第一面板16齐平。在铆钉12的管状部分30被冲压穿透第一面板16并插入第二或复合面板18的同时，防皱压板20对第一面板16持续施加压力。当自冲铆钉插入面板16和18时，金属小块(slug)32与第一面板16分离并夹持在铆钉12的中空管状部分30内。如图所示，该中空管状部分30在第二面板18覆盖的果仁状突起28上方被冲压之后处于延展状态。
参照图1D，示出在使铆钉12穿透第一面板16并插入第二面板18之后，将防皱压板20和冲压机24从第一面板16上移开。扣状件34由铆钉12形成，其中扣状件34在铆钉12穿透面板16并部分穿入第二面板18时形成。所示铆钉12与接合的面板16和18处于即将从冲模22中移除的位置。
参照图2，单个铆钉12被示出处于准备通过铆钉12的插入而接合的两个面板16和18的上方。纤维填充层36包含随机分布的纤维和填料。纤维填充层36可包含碳纤维、玻璃纤维、云母或天然纤维填料，其可以配置为随机复合材料或松散填充材料。纤维填充层36被封装在树脂基质中。该树脂基质可以是热塑性或热固性树脂。基质层38在第二面板18的正面40邻近纤维填充层36配置。此处使用的术语“正面”是为了确定面板堆叠件与铆钉12插入的一侧相对的一侧。基质层38的厚度优选为3微米以上，以提供可使铆钉12的管状部分30延伸进入的柔韧非脆性层。在纤维填充层36的上方提供约为1到2微米厚的顶层44。如图所示，放大了层38和层40的厚度以在图中明显可见。提供顶层44意在按照要求确保面板上存在光滑表面。
网纹表面46可配置在第二面板18的正面40上。网纹表面46可用于防止纤维填料在模压或面板成形过程中移动至与正面40过近的位置。网纹表面46允许额外的树脂积累到3微米以上，以紧邻正面40形成相对纯粹的基质混合物。网纹表面46可设置在第二面板18的整个表面上或者可以设置在局部区域中。
参照图3，铆钉12被示出穿透第一面板16并插入整体由参考标号18表示的第二面板。第二面板18优选为复合材料，例如SMC面板、注塑成型面板、压缩成型面板或Vartum液体真空辅助制造面板。随着铆钉12的插入，金属小块32与第一面板16分离。金属小块32将铆钉12的管状部分30锁定为延展状态并与第二面板18的纤维填充层36互锁。基质层38促进在第二面板18的正面40上形成光滑扣状件34。纤维填充层36中的纤维在铆钉12的管状部分30插入时会发生移位，但任何移位的纤维都被基质层38约束在面板内部。
参照图4，所示第一面板16处于第二面板18下方。相较于上面所示的其他视图，第一和第二面板是倒置的，以示出在局部区域添加了基质材料的两个区域。在图示的边缘区域52中设置了额外的树脂以允许使用铆钉12将两块面板接合到一起(如图1至图3所示)。铆钉12在插入过程中在边缘区域52上形成扣状件34。以类似的方式，图示局部或全部为圆形的单个铆钉区域54可设置在特定局部区域中以容纳单个铆钉12(如图1至图3所示)。通过仅设置添加基质的局部区域52、54，可以在最小化第二面板18的重量的同时配置基质层38，其中，形状良好且光滑的扣状件34可以在第二面板18的正面上形成。
虽然在上面对示例性实施例进行了描述，但并不意味着这些实施例描述了本发明所有可能的形式。相反，在本说明书中所用的词语是描述性的而非用于限制，并且应当理解，在不背离本发明的主旨和范围的前提下可以作出各种改变。此外，可以将实现实施例的多种特征进行组合以形成本发明的其他实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种方法，包括：
选择第一零件；
选择第二零件，包括通过填料强化的第一树脂层和在所述第二零件的一侧没有填料的第二树脂层；
将所述第一零件和所述第二零件插入机床的固定件与冲模之间；以及
将所述固定件压入所述第一零件、所述第一层和所述第二层而不完全穿透所述第二层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
通过以下方式在压缩成型模具中形成所述第二零件：
将包括纤维强化材料的所述填料放置在所述压缩成型模具中；以及
将树脂沉积到所述压缩成型模具中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，还包括：
在所述压缩成型模具中形成所述第二层的预定部分处设置网纹表面，所述网纹表面抑制所述填料成为所述第二层的一部分。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，将所述树脂沉积到所述压缩成型模具中的步骤分两步完成，在第一步中将所述树脂沉积到所述压缩成型模具中以将所述填料封装在所述第一层中，以及在第二步中将所述树脂沉积到所述压缩成型模具中的所述第二层中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述固定件为自冲铆钉，所述机床为铆接机床。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第二层的厚度超过3微米。
7.一种组件，包括：
第一零件；
第二零件，具有通过填充材料强化的树脂的第一层和在所述第二零件的一侧的至少部分上不包含所述填充材料的树脂的第二层；
固定件，穿过所述第一零件并部分穿过所述第二零件延伸，所述固定件延伸进入所述第二层但未穿透所述第二层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的组件，其中，所述固定件为具有完全穿透填充材料延伸的管状部分的自冲铆钉，并且所述填充材料未在所述第二零件的与所述第一零件相反的一侧上暴露。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其中，所述管状部分在第二零件内部展开以将所述第一零件固定至所述第二零件。
10.根据权利要求8所述的组件，其中，所述第二层设置在所述第一层的局部区域上，所述自冲铆钉在所述局部区域处设置在所述组件中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组件，其中，所述第二层在所述第一层的区域上限定空置区域。
12.根据权利要求7所述的组件，其中，所述填充材料为随机沉积在所述树脂中的纤维强化材料。
13.根据权利要求7所述的组件，其中，从由以下材料组成的组中选择所述树脂：
热塑性树脂；以及
热固性树脂。
14.根据权利要求7所述的组件，其中，从由以下材料组成的组中选择所述填充材料：
碳纤维；
玻璃纤维；
云母；以及
天然纤维。
15.一种复合材料件，包括：
由填充材料强化的树脂基质的第一层；以及
在所述复合材料件的一侧的至少部分上不包含所述填充材料的树脂基质的第二层，其中，所述第二层的厚度超过3微米并且所述第二层在所述复合材料件的层中提供附加延展性。
16.根据权利要求15所述的复合材料件，其中，所述填充材料是随机沉积在所述树脂基质中的纤维强化材料。
17.根据权利要求15所述的复合材料件，其中，所述第二层在所述第一层的区域上限定空置区域。
18.根据权利要求15所述的复合材料件，其中，所述树脂基质是热塑性树脂。
19.根据权利要求15所述的复合材料件，其中，所述树脂基质是热固性树脂。
20.根据权利要求15所述的复合材料件，其中，从由以下材料组成的组中选择所述填充材料：
碳纤维；
玻璃纤维；
云母；以及
天然纤维。
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