CN103347924A - 用于电气用层压材料、高密度互连及互连基底应用的高性能热固性材料 - Google Patents
用于电气用层压材料、高密度互连及互连基底应用的高性能热固性材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103347924A CN103347924A CN2012800076870A CN201280007687A CN103347924A CN 103347924 A CN103347924 A CN 103347924A CN 2012800076870 A CN2012800076870 A CN 2012800076870A CN 201280007687 A CN201280007687 A CN 201280007687A CN 103347924 A CN103347924 A CN 103347924A
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- epoxy
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 51
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- QDYTUZCWBJRHKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole-4-methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CNC=N1 QDYTUZCWBJRHKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(O)=CC=C21 NXPPAOGUKPJVDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- RYIOLWQRQXDECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinous acid Chemical compound PO RYIOLWQRQXDECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920012287 polyphenylene sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- BAZXQZYWJSBDRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrole-2,5-dione;toluene Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1.O=C1NC(=O)C=C1.O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 BAZXQZYWJSBDRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN1CCOCC1 WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000438 stratum basale Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium group Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006303 teflon fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WPZJSWWEEJJSIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromobisphenol-F Natural products C1=C(Br)C(O)=C(Br)C=C1CC1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 WPZJSWWEEJJSIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/04—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
- C08G59/06—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
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- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/4007—Curing agents not provided for by the groups C08G59/42 - C08G59/66
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Abstract
本申请披露了一种组合物,其包括以下物质、由以下物质组成或基本由以下物质组成:a)四酚基环氧树脂;b)马来酰亚胺;c)三嗪和/或氰酸酯。还披露了制备该组合物的方法及其最终用途,如在电气用层压材料以及复合材料中。
Description
相关申请参考
本申请是非临时申请,其要求2011年1月21日提交的标题为“HIGHPERFORMANCE THERMOSET USEFUL FOR ELECTRICAL LAMINATE,HIGH DENSITY INTERCONNECT AND INTERCONNECT SUBSTRATEAPPLICATIONS”的美国临时专利申请61/434,881的优先权,将该专利申请的教导通过参考并入本申请,就像它全文再现于下文中一样。
发明领域
本发明一般涉及包含脂环部分的多酚类化合物和环氧树脂、制造它们的方法以及从这些树脂制造得到的热固性产品。
发明背景
合成树脂由于其突出的耐化学性、机械强度及电学性质而被广泛地应用于工业及消费品电子业中。例如,合成树脂可在电子业中用作保护膜、胶粘剂材料和/或绝缘材料,如内层绝缘膜。为了应用于这些用途,合成树脂需要提供方便的操作性和某些必要的物理、热学、电绝缘以及抗湿性质。例如,具有低绝缘常数、高溶解性、低吸湿性以及高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的合成树脂在电子应用中可以是所期望的性质组合。
合成树脂在电子应用中的使用还可影响电子系统中产生的电子信号。在电子系统(如计算机系统)中,电子信号频率的增加使得可以更高的速度处理数据。然而,这类电子信号周围的合成树脂可对这类电子信号在高频电路中的传输损失造成巨大的影响。为了最小化这一影响,需要合成树脂除了上述的其它性质之外还具有低介电常数和低耗散因数。
发明概述
在本发明的实施方式中,披露了一种组合物,其包括以下物质、由以下物质组成或基本由以下物质组成:
a)四酚基环氧树脂;
b)马来酰亚胺;以及
c)三嗪和/或氰酸酯。
具体实施方式
在本发明的实施方式中,提供了一种组合物,其包括以下物质、由以下物质组成或基本由以下物质组成:
a)四酚基环氧树脂;
b)马来酰亚胺;以及
c)三嗪和/或氰酸酯。
四酚基环氧树脂
在一种实施方式中,本发明的多官能环氧树脂组分可包括具有如下化学结构(I)的组分:
其中结构(I)中R可为脂环二基,如:
且R1和R2可独立地为氢、甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、甲氧基、溴、氯、氟、三氟甲基、甲氧基以及乙氧基。
在一种实施方式中,四酚基环氧树脂为环己烷二甲基四苯酚的四缩水甘油醚(eCHTP),其为一种多官能酚醛树脂。
化学式:C45H52O8
分子量:720.89
eCHTP
还在一种实施方式中,使用了二环戊二烯二甲基四苯酚的四缩水甘油醚(eDCPD-TP)。
化学式:C48H54O8
分子量:758.94
eDCPD四苯酚
在一种实施方式中,基于组合物的总重量,四酚基环氧树脂的存在量为约5重量百分数至约95重量百分数。在一种实施方式中,基于组合物的总重量,环氧树脂存在量为约35重量百分数至约65重量百分数。除此之外的范围可能导致性能显著降低。
马来酰亚胺
在各种实施方式中,本申请的组合物还包括马来酰亚胺树脂。合适的马来酰亚胺树脂的实例包括但不限于每分子具有至少一个马来酰亚胺基团的那些马来酰亚胺树脂。另外的实例包括但不限于甲苯双马来酰亚胺、苯基马来酰亚胺、4,4’-双马来酰亚胺二苯基甲烷及其组合。
在一种实施方式中,马来酰亚胺的浓度(表示为含马来酰亚胺的单体重量与除溶剂外的其它有机组分的重量之比)范围为0重量百分数至约50重量百分数。在另一实施方式中,其范围为约10重量百分数至约40重量百分数。并且在再一个实施方式中为10重量百分数至30重量百分数。除此之外的范围可能导致性能显著降低。
三嗪/氰酸酯
对于各种实施方式,本申请的组合物还包括氰酸酯。合适的氰酸酯的实例包括但不限于部分三聚的氰酸酯以及三嗪氰酸酯(如氰酸酯部分三聚成三嗪环结构)。合适的氰酸酯的具体实例为下列双酚及多酚的二氰酸酯(或多氰酸酯):双酚A,双酚F(4,4’-二(羟基苯基)甲烷,双酚S(4,4’-二(羟基苯基)砜、二环戊二烯双酚、萘二酚、4,4’-二羟基联苯、4,4’-二羟基-3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯、苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆树脂及其组合。对于各种实施方式,部分三聚的氰酸酯和/或三嗪氰酸酯在疏质子溶剂(例如酮,如甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮及其组合)中可溶,并与组合物的含磷化合物一同使用。商品可得的氰酸酯包括BA-200、BA-230s、PT-30、PT-30s、LECY、PT-60及PT-60s,其全部得自Lonza Ltd.Basel,Switzerland。
氰酸酯浓度(表示为氰酸酯单体的重量与除溶剂外的其它有机组分的重量之比)的优选范围为5wt%至75wt%、更优选10wt%至50wt%、和最优选15wt%至40wt%。除此之外的范围可能导致性能显著降低。
催化剂
任选地,可将催化剂加入上述组合物中。催化剂可包括但不限于咪唑化合物,其包括每个分子中具有一个咪唑环的化合物,如咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、1-苯甲基-2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、2-异丙基咪唑、2-苯基-4-苯甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-十一烷基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-异丙基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-苯基咪唑、2,4-二氨基-6-[2’-甲基咪唑基-(1)’]-乙基-s-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-[2’-乙基-4-甲基咪唑基-(1)’]-乙基-s-三嗪、2,4-二氨基-6-[2’-十一烷基咪唑基-(1)’]-乙基-s-三嗪、2-甲基-咪唑-鎓-异氰尿酸加成物、2-苯基咪唑鎓-异氰尿酸加成物、1-氨乙基-2-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羟甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羟甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-苯甲基-5-羟甲基咪唑等;和每分子中含有2个或更多个咪唑环的化合物,该化合物通过上述指定的含羟甲基的咪唑化合物(如2-苯基-4,5-二羟甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羟甲基咪唑及2-苯基-4-苯甲基-5-羟基-甲基咪唑)脱水,;以及将其与甲醛缩合而得到,如4,4’-亚甲基-二-(2-乙基-5-甲基咪唑)等。该组合物还可包括常规用于固化氰酸酯的金属催化剂:环烷酸锌、辛酸锌、乙基己酸锌、己酸锌以及这些相同阴离子的锰、铜和其它过渡金属元素(4-13族)化合物。
卤化阻燃剂
卤化阻燃剂可包括溴化阻燃剂。溴化添加剂的具体实例包括溴代多酚,如四溴双酚A(TBBA)、四溴双酚F及从它们所得的材料:TBBA-二缩水甘油醚、双酚A或TBBA与TBBA-二缩水甘油醚的反应产物以及双酚A二缩水甘油醚与TBBA的反应产物。还可使用一种或多种上述阻燃剂添加剂的混合物。
非卤化阻燃剂
组合物还含有非卤化阻燃剂。在一种实施方式中,非卤化阻燃剂可为含磷化合物。含磷化合物可包括一些反应性基团,如酚基、酸基团、氨基、酸酐基团、磷酸盐(酯)基团、或次膦酸盐(酯)基团,它们可与环氧树脂或组合物的硬化剂反应的。
含磷化合物可平均含有一个或多于一个能与环氧基团反应的官能团。这类含磷化合物通常平均含有0.8至5个官能团。在一种实施方式中,含磷化合物含有0.9至4个官能团,并且在另一实施方式中,其含有1至3个能与环氧树脂反应的官能团。
本申请所使用的含磷化合物包括例如以下化合物中的一种或多种:P-H官能化合物如HCA、二甲基亚磷酸酯、二苯基亚磷酸酯、乙基膦酸、二乙基次膦酸、甲基乙基次膦酸、苯基膦酸、乙烯基膦酸、酚(HCA-HQ);三(4-羟基苯基)氧化膦、二(2-羟基苯基)苯基氧化膦、二(2-羟基苯基)苯基次膦酸酯、三(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)氧化膦、酸酐化合物如M-酸-AH以及氨基官能化合物如二(4-氨基苯基)苯基磷酸酯及其混合物。如EP1268665所述的其它合适的化合物,将其通过参考并入本申请。
在一种实施方式中,可使用膦酸盐(酯)化合物。还含有能与环氧树脂或硬化剂反应的基团的膦酸盐(酯)是很有用的,如含有共价键连接的三环膦酸盐(酯)的聚缩水甘油醚或多酚。实例包括但不限于得自DOP(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲10-氧化物)的各种材料,如DOP-对苯二酚(10-(2’,5’-二羟基苯基)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲10-氧化物)、DOP与酚醛清漆树脂的缩水甘油醚衍生物的缩合产物以及无机阻燃剂如三水合铝、氢氧化铝(勃姆石)以及次亚膦酸铝。如果使用无机阻燃剂填料,优选硅烷处理级别的。
还可使用一种或多种上述提高阻燃性的化合物的混合物。
本申请的实施方式还可包括将至少一种马来酰亚胺树脂用于本申请热固性单体。合适的马来酰亚胺树脂的实例包括但不限于具有两个得自马来酸酐和二胺或多胺的马来酰亚胺基团的那些。合适的马来酰亚胺树脂尤其包括双马来酰亚胺,如4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷。
本申请的实施方式也提供了包括本申请的热固性单体和至少一种热塑性聚合物的组合物。一般的热塑性聚合物包括但不限于得自乙烯基芳香单体的聚合物及其氢化形式,其同时包括二烯以及芳香族的氢化形式,包括芳香族氢化物,如苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物、聚苯乙烯(包括高抗冲聚苯乙烯)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共聚物以及苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN);聚碳酸酯(PC)、ABS/PC组合物、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯、聚苯醚(PPO)、羟基苯氧基醚聚合物(PHE)、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、聚烯烃一氧化碳互聚物、氯化聚乙烯、聚苯醚、聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、环烯烃共聚物及其组合或共混物。
在另外的实施方式中,本申请的组合物可包括本申请的热固性单体以及至少一种反应性和/或非反应性热塑性树脂。这类热塑性树脂的实例包括但不限于聚苯砜、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯邻二甲酰亚胺、聚苯并咪唑、丙烯酸类树脂(acyrlics)、苯氧基树脂及其组合或共混物。
对于各种实施方式,本申请的热固性单体可与热塑性树脂共混形成复合的交联网络。本申请组合物的制备可通过本领域中已知的合适的混合方式来完成,包括干燥共混各组分和随后进行熔融混合,其过程或者直接在用于制造成品的挤出机中进行,或者在单独的挤出机中预混合。组合物的干燥共混物也可直接进行注塑而不进行预熔融混合。
当通过使用加热进行软化或熔化时,本申请热固性单体以及热塑性树脂的组合物可使用常规技术成形或模塑,比如单独或组合使用压塑、注塑、气辅注塑、压延、真空成形、热成形、挤出和/或吹塑。本申请热固性单体以及热塑性树脂的组合物还可成形、纺丝或拉伸成膜、纤维、多层层压材料或挤出片材,或可与一种或多种有机或无机物复合。
上述本申请的组合物也可任选地使用至少一种催化剂。合适的固化催化剂的实例包括胺、双氰胺、取代胍、酚醛树脂、氨基、苯并嗪、酸酐、酰胺(amido amines)、聚酰胺、膦、铵、膦鎓、砷、锍部分或其混合物。
热固性单体和/或包括热固性单体的组合物由于其独特的性质组合而可用于各种制造制品的制备中。因此,本申请还包括下文所述的以上组合物的预浸渍体、成形制品、增强组合物、层压材料、电气用层压材料、涂料、模塑制品、胶粘剂、复合材料产品,其由本申请的热固性单体或包括热固性单体的组合物固化或部分固化而来。此外,本申请的组合物可以以干燥粉末、粒料、均质体、浸渍产品或/或复配物的形式用于各种目的。
多种附加的添加剂可加入本申请的组合物中。这些附加添加剂的实例包括纤维增强材料、填料、颜料、染料、增稠剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、阻燃剂等。合适的纤维和/或颗粒增强材料尤其包括硅石、三水合氧化铝、氧化铝、氢氧化铝氧化物、金属氧化物、纳米管、玻璃纤维、石英纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、Kevalr纤维以及Teflon纤维。纤维和/或颗粒增强材料的尺寸范围可包括0.5nm至100μm。在各种实施方式中,纤维增强材料可以毡片、布或连续纤维的形式出现。
纤维增强材料以一定量存在于组合物中,以有效地给予用于预定用途的组合物增加的强度,基于组合物的总重量,其含量一般为10~70wt%,通常为30~65wt%。本申请的层压材料可任选地包括一层或多层不同的材料,并且在电气用层压材料中其可包括一层或多层导电材料,如铜等。当本申请的树脂组合物被用于制造模塑制品、层压制品或粘合结构时,固化在压力下合乎期望地完成。
在部分固化状态,采用本申请组合物浸渍的纤维增强材料可进行相对温和的热处理(“B-阶段”)以形成预浸渍体。该预浸渍体随后可经受升高的温度和压力,以便更完全地将组合物固化成坚硬、不可弯曲的状态。可将多个预浸渍体层叠和固化以形成用于电路板中的层压材料。
组合物的实施方式还可包括至少一种增效剂以有助于改进固化组合物的阻燃能力。这类增效剂的实例包括但不限于氢氧化镁、硼酸锌、茂金属及其组合。此外,组合物的实施方式还可包括助黏剂,如改性有机硅烷(环氧化、甲基丙烯酰化、胺化)、乙酰丙酮化物(acytlacetonates)、含硫分子及其组合。其它添加剂可包括但不限于润湿及分散助剂如改性有机硅烷、900系列和W9010(Byk-Chemie GmbH)、改性碳氟化合物及其组合;脱泡剂如A530、A525、A555及A560(Byk-ChemieGmbH);表面改性剂如增滑剂和光泽剂;脱模剂如蜡;以及其它官能添加剂或预反应产品以改进聚合物的性质,如异氰酸酯、异氰尿酸酯、氰酸酯、含烯丙基的分子或其它烯属不饱和化合物、丙烯酸酯及其组合。
组合物的制造方法
在一种实施方式中,清漆的制造方法包含如下步骤:
1)将四酚基环氧树脂加入装有机械搅拌器、热源及氮气入口的合适容器中。加热该树脂至100~160℃以熔融树脂。加入马来酰亚胺并进行搅拌以溶解马来酰亚胺。共混物的温度在100~160℃之间保持15分钟至6小时。一旦混合物均一,即移除热源并将溶剂逐滴加入容器中以稀释环氧-马来酰亚胺共混物。
2)上述(1)中的溶液共混物随后与其它成分如氰酸酯、添加剂、催化剂及任选成分通过机械搅拌进行共混。
可固化的组合物
在一种实施方式中,可固化的组合物的粘度足够低,以便流动并且充分润湿玻纤束。
基于处理器条件,层压材料清漆的一般反应性为约200至约300秒。
固化组合物的方法
本申请披露的组合物固化可以需要至少约30℃至约250℃的温度、数分钟至数小时的时间,其取决于环氧树脂、硬化剂及催化剂,如果使用的话。在其它的实施方式中,固化可在至少100℃的温度、数分钟至数小时的时间下发生。也可使用后处理,这类后处理的温度一般在约100℃至250℃之间。
在一些实施方式中,固化可分段进行以防止过大的放热反应。分段,例如包括在一定的温度固化一段时间,接着在更高的温度固化一段时间。分段固化可包括两个或更多个固化阶段,并且在一些实施方式中可在低于约180℃时开始,在其它实施方式中为低于约150℃。
在一些实施方式中,固化的温度范围为从30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃、150℃、160℃、170℃的下限至250℃、240℃、230℃、220℃、210℃、200℃、190℃、180℃、170℃、160℃的上限,其中温度范围可从任意下限至任意上限。
对于各种实施方式,树脂片可从本申请的热固性单体和/或组合物形成。在一种实施方式中,多个片可粘合在一起形成层压板,其中该片包含至少一个树脂片。热固性单体和/或包括热固性单体的组合物还可用于形成树脂包覆金属箔。例如像铜箔这样的金属箔可采用本申请的热固性单体和/或包括热固性单体的组合物进行涂覆。各种实施方式还包括多层板,其可通过用本申请的热固性单体和/或组合物对层压基底进行涂覆来制备得到。
本申请的热固性单体包含一种或多种组分,它们可各自以任意需要的形式使用,如固体、溶液或分散体。这些组分在溶剂中或无溶剂时混合以形成本申请的组合物。例如,混合工序包括将热固性单体与一种或多种配方组分分别或一同适当的惰性有机溶剂中的溶液进行混合,比如像甲乙酮这样的酮、像二氯甲烷这样的氯代烃、醚等,和使所得混合溶液在室温或低于溶剂沸点的更高温度时均一化以形成溶液形式的组合物。当这些溶液在室温或升高的温度均一时,一些反应可在组成成分之间发生。只要树脂组分保持溶液状态不发生凝胶化,这类反应不会特别影响所得组合物在例如粘合、涂覆、层压或模塑操作中的可操作性。
对于各种实施方式,本申请的热固性单体和/或组合物可作为涂层或胶粘层应用于基底。作为选择地,本申请的热固性单体和/或组合物可以以粉末、粒料或在如纤维增强材料的基底中浸渍的形式进行模塑或层压。本申请的热固性单体和/或组合物随后可通过使用加热进行固化。
加热对于提供适当的固化条件是必要的,其取决于组成组合物的组分比例以及所使用组分的性质。通常本申请的组合物可通过将其在0℃至300℃的温度范围内加热来进行固化,优选100℃至250℃,然而根据催化剂或固化剂的存在或其用量、或组合物中组分的类型会有所不同。所需加热时间可为30秒至10小时,其中根据树脂组合物是用作薄涂层、或较大厚度的模塑制品、或层压材料、或纤维增强复合材料中的基底树脂,特别在电气和电子应用中,如应用于非导电性材料并随后固化组合物,确切的时间会有所不同。
在一些实施方式中,复合材料可通过固化本申请披露的组合物来形成。在其它实施方式中,复合材料可通过将可固化的环氧树脂组合物应用于基底或增强材料来形成,如通过对基底或增强材料浸渍或涂覆来形成预浸渍体,并在压力下固化预浸渍体以形成电气用层压组合物。
在制造组合物之后,如上所述,其可在电气用层压组合物固化之前、期间或之后将其置于在上述基底之上、之中或之间。例如,复合材料可通过用可固化的组合物涂覆基底的方式形成。涂覆可通过各种工序进行,其包括喷涂、幕式流涂、采用辊涂机或传递凹印辊涂布机涂覆、刷涂及浸涂。
在各种实施方式中,基底可为单层或多层。例如,基底尤其可为两种合金的复合材料、多层聚合物制品以及金属涂覆的聚合物。在其它各种实施方式中,可将一层或多层的可固化组合物置于基底上。由基底层和电气用层压组合物层的各种组合所形成的其它多层复合材料也在本申请中进行了展望。
例如在一些实施方式中,组合物的加热可局部化,从而避免温敏基底的过热。在其它实施方式中,加热可包括加热基底和组合物。
固化产品的性质
最终用途应用
本申请披露的可固化组合物在如下复合材料中很有用,该复合材料含有高强度的丝或纤维,如碳(石墨)、玻璃、硼等。基于复合材料的总体积,复合材料在一些实施方式中可含有约30%至70%的这些纤维,在其它实施方式中为40%至70%。
纤维增强复合材料可通过例如热熔融预浸渍形成。该预浸渍方法的特征在于采用本申请所述的熔融态热固性组合物浸渍连续纤维带或织物以生成预浸渍体,铺设预浸渍体并固化以提供纤维和环氧树脂的复合材料。
其它加工技术可用于形成含有本申请所披露的组合物的电气用层压复合材料。例如长丝卷绕、溶剂预浸渍及拉挤成型都是在其中可以使用可固化组合物的典型加工技术。而且束形式的纤维可采用可固化组合物涂覆,通过长丝卷绕铺设,并固化以形成复合材料。
本申请所述的可固化组合物及复合物在电子工业中可用作胶粘剂、结构及电气用层压材料、涂料、船用涂料、复合材料、粉末涂料、胶粘剂、流延物、航空用结构以及电路板等。
在一些实施方式中,可固化的组合物及所得热固性树脂可用于复合材料、流延物、涂料、胶粘剂或密封剂,置于各种基底之上、之中或之间。在其它的实施方式中,可固化的组合物可运用于基底以得到基于环氧树脂的预浸渍体。本申请所用到的基底包括例如玻璃布、玻璃纤维、玻璃砂纸、纸及聚乙烯和聚丙烯的类似基底。可以将所得预浸渍体切成所需尺寸。导电层可采用导电材料在层压材料/预浸渍体上形成。本申请所使用的合适的导电材料包括导电金属,如铜、金、银、铂及铝。这类电气用层压材料可用作例如电气或电子设备中的多层印刷电路板。从马来酰亚胺-三嗪-环氧聚合物共混物制备得到的层压材料对于HDI(高密度互连)板的生产特别有用。HDI板的实例包括在手机或互连(IC)基底中使用的那些。
实施例
下列实施例和对比例进一步地说明了本申请
分析方法
玻璃化转变温度(Tg)通过DSC使用TA Instruments Model Q2000DSC进行测定。所用的方法为IPC TM-6502.4.25。
热分解(Td)为固化层压材料失重5wt%变成分解产物时的温度,其采用TGA(TA Instruments Model Q5000TGA)按照IPC方法IPC TM-6502.3.40以10℃/min的速率进行测定。
组分
DENTM438为陶氏化学公司所出售的多官能环氧酚醛清漆树脂,其环氧当量为180。
DOP-BN为丁基化可溶可熔酚醛树脂与DOP的反应产物。
溶液
树脂溶液1
向50mL宽口玻璃瓶中加入20.1克DENTM438及9.9克2-丁酮。将该瓶在室温于振动器中以低速放置1小时。
树脂溶液2
向50mL宽口玻璃瓶中加入20.1克DERTM6508及9.9克2-丁酮。将该瓶在室温于振动器中以低速放置1小时。
树脂溶液3
向50mL宽口玻璃瓶中加入20.1克环己烷二甲基四苯酚的四缩水甘油醚及9.9克2-丁酮。将该瓶在室温于振动器中以低速放置1小时。
马来酰亚胺溶液
向50mL宽口玻璃瓶中加入15克BMI-2300(聚苯基马来酰亚胺)及15克2-丁酮。将该瓶在室温于振动器中以低速放置1小时。
阻燃剂溶液
向50mL宽口玻璃瓶中加入16.5克DOP-BN及13.5克2-丁酮。将该瓶在室温于振动器中以低速放置1小时。
催化剂溶液
向30mL闪烁管中加入0.5克己酸锌及9.5克2-丁酮。将该管在室温于振动器中以低速放置1小时。
对比例
对比例1
对比例2
对比例3
对比例4
对比例5
对比例6
发明实施例
实施例1
实施例2
向30mL闪烁管中加入0.67克BA-230s、0.54克上述马来酰亚胺溶液、1.63克上述阻燃剂溶液及4.17克树脂溶液3。将该管放置于振动器中30分钟。
实施例3
向30mL闪烁管中加入0.96克BA-230s、0.36克上述马来酰亚胺溶液、1.63克上述阻燃剂溶液及4.04克树脂溶液3。将该管放置于振动器中30分钟。
向每个对比例及实施例中加入足够的催化剂溶液以在制剂中得到400ppm的己酸锌。将样品放回振动器中在室温以低速混合30分钟。
将每个对比例及实施例的等分试样放置于171℃的热台上并用木质舌状缓冲器(wooden tongue depressor)搅拌直至观察到凝胶化。凝胶化样品随后在220℃后固化90分钟。
通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)以及热重分析(TGA)对每个固化样品进行分析来测定玻璃化转变温度(Tg)以及5%分解温度(Td)。数据示于下列表I中。
表I
样品 | Tg(℃) | Td(℃) |
对比例1 | 150.1 | 361.8 |
对比例2 | 84.6 | 344.0 |
对比例3 | 121.5 | 356.7 |
对比例4 | 157.4 | 361.1 |
对比例5 | 160.8 | 357.9 |
对比例6 | 152.6 | 362.8 |
实施例1 | 189.8 | 368.8 |
实施例2 | 215.7 | 367.7 |
实施例3 | 232.2 | 369.1 |
Claims (15)
1.一种组合物,其包括:
a)四酚基环氧树脂;
b)马来酰亚胺;以及
c)三嗪和/或氰酸酯。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中基于组合物的总重量,所述马来酰亚胺的存在量为约0.5重量百分数至约75重量百分数。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述马来酰亚胺选自双马来酰亚胺、三马来酰亚胺及其组合。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中基于组合物的总重量,所述四酚基环氧树脂的存在量为约5重量百分数至约95重量百分数。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述的四酚基环氧树脂包括环己烷二甲基四苯酚的四缩水甘油醚。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述的三嗪和/或氰酸酯包括三嗪氰酸酯。
7.权利要求1的组合物的制备方法,包括将所述四酚基环氧树脂、所述马来酰亚胺以及所述三嗪和/或氰酸酯混合。
8.从权利要求1的组合物制备而来的清漆。
9.从权利要求8的清漆制备而来的预浸渍体。
10.从权利要求8的清漆制备而来的电气用层压材料。
11.从权利要求8的清漆制备而来的印刷电路板。
12.从权利要求8的清漆制备而来的涂料。
13.从权利要求8的清漆制备而来的复合材料。
14.从权利要求8的清漆制备而来的流延体。
15.从权利要求8的清漆制备而来的胶粘剂。
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PCT/US2012/020129 WO2012099713A1 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-01-04 | High performance thermoset useful for electrical laminate, high density interconnect and interconnect substrate applications |
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US20110247756A1 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2011-10-13 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Homogeneous bismaleimide - triazine - epoxy compositions useful for the manufacture of electrical laminates |
CN103614107A (zh) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-03-05 | 安徽康瑞鑫电子科技有限公司 | 环氧灌封胶黏剂 |
JP7029774B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-20 | 2022-03-04 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | 耐熱性に優れた熱硬化性樹脂に対応した構成要素としてのシドノン |
JP6761573B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-21 | 2020-09-30 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、プリプレグ、金属箔張積層板、樹脂シート及びプリント配線板 |
US11359062B1 (en) | 2021-01-20 | 2022-06-14 | Thintronics, Inc. | Polymer compositions and their uses |
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