CN103333327B - 含磷阻燃醇酸树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

含磷阻燃醇酸树脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103333327B
CN103333327B CN201310259073.8A CN201310259073A CN103333327B CN 103333327 B CN103333327 B CN 103333327B CN 201310259073 A CN201310259073 A CN 201310259073A CN 103333327 B CN103333327 B CN 103333327B
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郭军红
陈碧碧
杨保平
崔锦峰
周应萍
李敏睿
包雪梅
魏小赟
崔卓
席满意
常洲
常婕
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Gansu Xibeizhiguang Cable Co ltd
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Abstract

含磷阻燃醇酸树脂及其制备方法,按质量百分数计,其组分为:大豆油酸50.8%~60.5%,季戊四醇11.6%~17.8%,邻苯二甲酸酐0%~15.5%,DOPOMA9.5%~20.9%,带水剂5.1%~7%;首先采用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物和马来酸酐以1:1的物质的量之比反应得到DOPOMA,并以此为原料来合成醇酸树脂,其在高分子链中引入了具有阻燃性能的元素磷,合成了具有阻燃性能的醇酸树脂。

Description

含磷阻燃醇酸树脂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及阻燃醇酸树脂的制备技术。
背景技术
随着建筑物的高层化、集群化和可燃有机合成材料的广泛应用,火焰已构成对人们生活和生命的严重威胁。防火涂料作为防火的有效措施之一,获得广泛的应用,得到快速的发展。而对于目前所制备的防火涂料大多数是树脂基料与阻燃剂以物理的方式混合在一起来制得,但是这种方式存在很多不足,如:添加量太大(加入量为20-40%);聚合物的理化、机械性能特别是力学、电学、加工性能下降;稳定性差,使用过程中容易流失从而污染环境和造成资源的严重浪费。因此,通过化学反应手段来合成出一系列自身具有阻燃性能的新型防火涂料已成为研究者们的关注点和热点。
醇酸树脂涂料具有原料价廉易得、涂膜附着力好、光亮、丰满、对颜料润湿性能好等优点,且具有良好的施工性,在传统涂料领域一直占有相当的比重。醇酸树脂涂料,在我国涂料工业中占有重要的地位,始终为中高档涂料的主要产品。据不完全统计,从1998—2001年,我国醇酸树脂漆与其他含醇酸树脂的氨基、硝基漆、过氯乙烯漆、聚氨酯漆的产量占据着涂料市场的主要份额,醇酸树脂涂料产量大,品种多,应用广泛,市场前景广阔,可以称为涂料工业中的支柱产品。
专利CN102627757A公开了一种阻燃醇酸树脂的制备方法,按质量分数计由以下成分组成:大豆油酸19.0%~22.0%,季戊四醇8.2%~12.2%,四溴双酚A4.5%~8.5%,顺酐0.2%~0.8%,四溴苯酐28.5%~34.5%,减色剂0.05%~0.2%,抗氧剂0.05%~0.2%,回流二甲苯2.00%~5%,对稀溶剂24%~28%。该技术的不足之处是制备工艺比较复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含磷阻燃醇酸树脂及其制备方法。
本发明是含磷阻燃醇酸树脂及其制备方法,含磷阻燃醇酸树脂,按质量百分比计,其组分为:
豆油酸50.8%~60.5%,季戊四醇11.6%~17.8%,邻苯二甲酸酐0%~15.5%,DOPOMA9.5%~20.9% ,带水剂5.1%~7%。
含磷阻燃醇酸树脂的制备方法,按以上所述组分及其配比进行配料,其步骤为:
(1)DOPOMA的制备步骤为:
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中,加入等质量的四氢呋喃和甲苯混合溶液,DOPO和顺丁烯二酸酐以1:1.05的物质的量比投入,搅拌加热,温度为84℃时开始出现回流,体系稳定反应9h后颜色逐渐加深变为绿色,继续反应24h后体系颜色为墨绿色,保温反应24h后停止反应并冷却至室温,向溶液中加入适量的二甲苯并不断搅拌,体系分层,下层为墨绿色粘稠液体,上层为淡黄色澄清液体,分离得到下层粘稠液体,用二甲苯多次洗涤后放置120℃的烘箱中干燥48h,取出冷却至室温淡黄色结晶固体;
(2)含磷阻燃醇酸树脂的制备步骤为:
    在100ml的四口烧瓶中加入豆油酸,季戊四醇,邻苯二甲酸酐和少许二甲苯,通氮气,开搅拌,缓慢升温;在30-40min内加热至180℃保温反应40min,保温结束后10min内分批加入的DOPOMA,加料完毕后缓慢升温至200℃保温反应30min,再缓慢升温至210℃,最终的保温反应温度为210-220℃,随着反应的进行,体系颜色逐渐加深,最终变为橙红色,保温反应2h后每隔半小时测量酸价,当酸价为10mgKOH/g左右时停止加热、降温、出料即可得到含磷醇酸树脂。
本发明的有益之处是:通过分子设计首先采用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)和马来酸酐(MA)以1:1的物质的量之比反应得到DOPOMA,并以此为原料来合成醇酸树脂,其在高分子链中引入了具有阻燃性能的元素磷,合成了具有阻燃性能的醇酸树脂。
具体实施方式
本发明由以下技术方案完成,DOPO与MA以1:1的物质的量之比来合成原料DOPOMA,季戊四醇经豆油酸封端得到两官能度的二元醇,然后与邻苯二甲酸酐进行酯化反应合成醇酸树脂,最后加入DOPOMA缩聚得到含磷阻燃醇酸树脂。
含磷阻燃醇酸树脂合成工艺路线如下:
                                                 
其中
  R为脂肪碳链,
基于制备含磷阻燃醇酸树脂的总质量,按质量百分比计,含磷阻燃醇酸树脂配方为:
豆油酸50.8%~60.5%,季戊四醇11.6%~17.8%,邻苯二甲酸酐0%~15.5%,DOPOMA9.5%~20.9% ,带水剂5.1%~7%。
DOPOMA的制备步骤为:
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中,加入等质量的四氢呋喃和甲苯混合溶液,DOPO和顺丁烯二酸酐以1:1.05的物质的量比投入,搅拌加热,温度为84℃时开始出现回流,体系稳定反应9h后颜色逐渐加深变为绿色,继续反应24h后体系颜色为墨绿色,保温反应24h后停止反应并冷却至室温,向溶液中加入适量的二甲苯并不断搅拌,体系分层,下层为墨绿色粘稠液体,上层为淡黄色澄清液体,分离得到下层粘稠液体,用二甲苯多次洗涤后放置120℃的烘箱中干燥48h,取出冷却至室温淡黄色结晶固体。
含磷阻燃醇酸树脂的制备步骤为:
在100ml的四口烧瓶中加入豆油酸,季戊四醇,邻苯二甲酸酐和少许二甲苯,通氮气,开搅拌,缓慢升温。在30-40min内加热至180℃保温反应40min,保温结束后10min内分批加入的DOPOMA,加料完毕后缓慢升温至200℃保温反应30min,再缓慢升温至210℃,最终的保温反应温度为210-220℃,随着反应的进行,体系颜色逐渐加深,最终变为橙红色,保温反应2h后每隔半小时测量酸价,当酸价为10mgKOH/g左右时停止加热、降温、出料即可得到含磷醇酸树脂。
以下是本发明的实施例,但本发明不局限于下列实施例中。
实施例1.
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的500ml的三口烧瓶中,加入100g四氢呋喃和100g甲苯混合溶液,162gDOPO和77g顺丁烯二酸酐,搅拌加热。温度为84℃时开始出现回流,体系稳定反应9h后颜色逐渐加深变为绿色,反应24h后体系颜色为墨绿色。保温反应24h后停止反应并冷却至室温,向溶液中加入适量的二甲苯并不断搅拌,体系分层,下层为墨绿色粘稠液体,上层为淡黄色澄清液体。分离得到下层粘稠液体,用二甲苯多次洗涤后放置120℃的烘箱中干燥48h,取出冷却至室温得到淡黄色结晶固体。
实施例2.
在100ml的四口烧瓶中加入豆油酸28份,季戊四醇7.6份,邻苯二甲酸酐4.8份和3份二甲苯。通氮气,开搅拌,缓慢升温。(在30-40min内加热至180℃)。160℃时开始有油溅的声音,并出现回流现象。体系为浑浊液。温度170℃以后反应20min体系变为微黄澄清液。当体系温度到达180℃时开始保温40min。保温结束后10min内分批加入4.9份的DOPOMA。加料完毕后缓慢升温至200℃保温反应30min,再缓慢升温至210℃,最终的保温反应温度为210-220℃(不可快速升温至220℃,以免发生爆沸现象)。随着反应的进行,体系颜色逐渐加深,最终变为橙红色。保温反应2小时后每隔半小时进行测量酸价,当酸价为10mgKOH/g左右时停止加热、降温、出料即得含磷阻燃醇酸树脂。
实施例3.
在100ml的四口烧瓶中加入豆油酸28份,季戊四醇8.2份,邻苯二甲酸酐6.5份和3份二甲苯。通氮气,开搅拌,缓慢升温。(在30-40min内加热至180℃)。160℃时开始有油溅的声音,并出现回流现象。体系为浑浊液。温度170℃以后反应20min体系变为微黄澄清液。当体系温度到达180℃时开始保温40min。保温结束后10min内分批加入5.0份的DOPOMA。加料完毕后缓慢升温至200℃保温反应30min,再缓慢升温至210℃,最终的保温反应温度为210-220℃。随着反应的进行,体系颜色逐渐加深,最终变为橙红色。保温反应2小时后每隔半小时进行测量酸价,当酸价为10mgKOH/g左右时停止加热、降温、出料即得含磷阻燃醇酸树脂。

Claims (3)

1.含磷阻燃醇酸树脂,按质量百分比计,其原料的组分为:
豆油酸50.8%~60.5%,季戊四醇11.6%~17.8%,邻苯二甲酸酐0%~15.5%,DOPOMA9.5%~20.9% ,二甲苯5.1%~7%,所述的DOPOMA是由DOPO和马来酸酐反应得到;DOPO为9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物;
含磷阻燃醇酸树脂的制备步骤为:
    在100ml的四口烧瓶中加入豆油酸,季戊四醇,邻苯二甲酸酐和少许二甲苯,通氮气,开搅拌,缓慢升温;在30-40min内加热至180℃保温反应40min,保温结束后10min内分批加入的DOPOMA,加料完毕后缓慢升温至200℃保温反应30min,再缓慢升温至210℃,最终的保温反应温度为210-220℃,随着反应的进行,体系颜色逐渐加深,最终变为橙红色,保温反应2h后每隔半小时测量酸价,当酸价为10mgKOH/g左右时停止加热、降温、出料即可得到含磷醇酸树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含磷阻燃醇酸树脂,其特征在于二甲苯为带水剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含磷阻燃醇酸树脂,其特征在于:DOPOMA的制备步骤为:
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的三口烧瓶中,加入等质量的四氢呋喃和甲苯混合溶液,DOPO和顺丁烯二酸酐以1:1.05的物质的量比投入,搅拌加热,温度为84℃时开始出现回流,体系稳定反应9h后颜色逐渐加深变为绿色,继续反应24h后体系颜色为墨绿色,保温反应24h后停止反应并冷却至室温,向溶液中加入适量的二甲苯并不断搅拌,体系分层,下层为墨绿色粘稠液体,上层为淡黄色澄清液体,分离得到下层粘稠液体,用二甲苯多次洗涤后放置120℃的烘箱中干燥48h,取出冷却至室温淡黄色结晶固体。
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