CN103314043A - 发泡耐光聚氨酯成型件 - Google Patents

发泡耐光聚氨酯成型件 Download PDF

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CN103314043A
CN103314043A CN2011800535720A CN201180053572A CN103314043A CN 103314043 A CN103314043 A CN 103314043A CN 2011800535720 A CN2011800535720 A CN 2011800535720A CN 201180053572 A CN201180053572 A CN 201180053572A CN 103314043 A CN103314043 A CN 103314043A
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B.迈耶朱贝施滕霍斯特
R.哈尔帕普
N.艾森
U.普费伊费尔
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Covestro Deutschland AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及发泡耐光聚氨酯成型件及其用途。

Description

发泡耐光聚氨酯成型件
本发明涉及发泡耐光聚氨酯整体成型件和它们的用途。
基于具有芳族连接的NCO基团的异氰酸酯的聚氨酯(PUR)已知在光作用下易于褪色。这在室外应用中或对于处于光作用下的室内部件是一个问题。因此，为制造耐光成型件需要具有相应性质的表面。
通常使用脂族连接的异氰酸酯用于制造具有高耐光性的聚氨酯(PUR)。在EP 0379246 B1中描述了使用这样的异氰酸酯制造耐光PUR。其中制造例如施用于仪表面板的耐光表皮。制造致密和发泡的脂族表皮是可能的。使用水作为发泡剂造成泡沫中相对较高、有时不希望的硬度，其在低密度区域中甚至表现出比致密表皮更高的硬度。此外，当使用脂族异氰酸酯时，协调发泡-和交联反应的催化通常是有问题的。在此通常必须使用特定的金属催化剂。因此不考虑水作为发泡剂。
此外，内部范围的表面还应通过在载荷下具有软的深度硬度（Tiefenhärte）而承担一定的保护功能。但是，尽管在深度硬度中允许任意的柔软度，但该表面绝不能很快受损。这通过致密的表面来实现。因此需要整皮泡沫（Integralschaum），其在芯中具有低于边缘处的密度。
通过贯入测量测定材料的深度硬度。最早在脱模后24小时后，在室温下，用在1400 g载荷下的和具有3毫米直径的修圆的贯入尖端的贯入仪（例如来自Humboldt的圆锥贯入仪H-4236）测定贯入深度。小的值（<0.5毫米）代表硬体系，而较大的值代表软的可压入的体系。因此，具有软弹性的深度硬度的聚氨酯部件具有大于0.5毫米的贯入测量值。
对于实际的本发明范围内的发泡聚氨酯而言，自由发泡密度允许最大为450千克/立方米，优选最大350千克/立方米。
EP-A 0 652 250和WO 2009 097990中描述了由二苯甲烷系列的异氰酸酯和氨基甲酸酯发泡剂制造多孔聚氨酯的方法。用氨基甲酸酯体系或二氧化碳发泡的PU体系中，深度硬度取决于表面硬度。因此，软体系也具有软的快速损坏的表皮，而具有较高表面密度的体系在深度硬度方面更硬。
真正良好的整皮泡沫，即在芯和皮之间具有大的密度差的整皮泡沫可通过使用物理发泡剂制备。在这种情况下利用了在聚氨酯反应时以热形式释放的能量，这导致一种或多种发泡剂转入气相并因此形成泡沫。但是，在该部件边缘可将热经模具耗散，由此在那里没有形成泡沫，而是产生具有比芯中更高密度的表皮。因此，良好结皮的先决条件尤其应是芯与模具壁之间的尽可能高的温度差。所以，大都在低的模具温度下制作。
脂族异氰酸酯已知明显不如芳族异氰酸酯易反应，因此必须向该反应供应明显更多的能量。因此通常需要70-90℃的模具温度，以能完全开始反应和完全固化。因此，整皮泡沫的形成将比芳族体系明显变难。因此大多数将芳族以及脂族多异氰酸酯列为异氰酸酯组分的整皮泡沫的专利在实施例中仅使用芳族体系就不足以为奇了，参见例如DE19836662、EP1219674、EP1282658、US2003225177。因此用脂族异氰酸酯是否也能获得这样好的结果是存疑的。
此外安全性受到越来越多地重视。在这种情况下希望必须尽可能少地使用危险品，这既包含了健康方面的考虑又包含了经济方面的考虑，因为必须通过额外的排放、遮蔽（Einhausungen）等确保安全性。因此，如已知的那样，如果脂族多异氰酸酯含有一定量的游离单体（有毒，标志T，在单体含量≥ 2重量%时，危害健康，标志Xn，在单体含量> 0.5重量%和< 2重量%时），仅将其视为有毒/有害的。因此，出于安全原因，应用贫单体体系。但贫单体体系的缺点在于，它们具有比下述单体明显更低的NCO含量：例如以脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮-和/或噁二嗪三酮结构的形式或以含有氨基甲酸酯-和异氰酸酯基团并被称作异氰酸酯预聚物的反应产物形式的单体。因此，在生成聚氨酯的反应中必须使用明显更多的异氰酸酯组分。在相同成型件密度下由此稀释聚氨酯，即与使用单体时相比，发生较少的新的聚氨酯反应。由于形成整体结构所需的热由反应热供应，所以贫单体体系具有明显更差的形成致密表皮的能力。
因此本发明的目的是提供具有软弹性深度硬度的在宽表观密度范围内的耐光聚氨酯，例如用于仪表板、门饰板（Türauskleidung）、扶手和控制台的应用领域，及其制造方法。
令人惊奇地，用使用某些物理发泡剂可由贫单体（< 0.5重量%单体含量）的改性的脂族异氰酸酯和异氰酸酯-反应性的短链和长链化合物获得的聚氨酯可解决这一问题。
本发明的主题是具有最高450千克/立方米的自由发泡密度和至少90千克/立方米的成型件的芯与外皮之间的密度差的发泡耐光聚氨酯整体成型件，其可由下列材料获得
A) 具有至少两个没有直接键合到芳族基团上的异氰酸酯基团的有机改性(环)脂族多异氰酸酯化合物，其可由单体(环)脂族多异氰酸酯获得，
B) 具有1000 – 15 000 g/mol的平均分子量和2至8，优选2至6的官能度的多元醇，
C) 具有62 – 500 g/mol的分子量和2至8，优选2至4的官能度的多元醇或多胺，作为增链剂/交联剂，
D) 发泡剂，
E) 任选另外的助剂或添加剂，
其特征在于，所述组分A)具有小于0.5重量%的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯的单体含量，且作为发泡剂D)使用选自下述的物理发泡剂：具有最多5个碳原子、优选具有4至5个，特别优选具有5个碳原子的(环)脂族烃，各自具有最多5个碳原子的部分卤代烃或部分卤代烯烃或各自具有最多5个碳原子的醚、酮或乙酸酯或具有最多5个碳原子的含氮烃，以这样的量来使用它，以至于产生具有最高450千克/立方米的自由发泡密度的自由发泡泡沫和以至于调节至少90千克/立方米的在成型件的外皮与芯之间的密度差。
为了测量密度，将外皮定义为厚度为具有1.5毫米的厚度的成型件外层。
使用(环)脂族多异氰酸酯作为起始化合物用于制造改性多异氰酸酯化合物A)。合适的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯优选是可通过光气化或按照无光气方法，例如通过聚氨酯的热裂解，可获得的具有脂族或脂环族键合的异氰酸酯基团的分子量范围为140至400的任意二异氰酸酯。合适的(环)脂族化合物例如是1,4-二异氰酸根合丁烷、1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷、1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷（HDI）、2-甲基-1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷、1,5-二异氰酸根合-2,2-二甲基戊烷、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷、2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷、1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷、1,3-和1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,3-和1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、1-异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸根合­甲基环己烷（异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，IPDI）、4,4'-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷（H12-MDI，任选在与2,4'-异构体的混合物中）、1-异氰酸根合-1-甲基-4(3)异氰酸根合甲基环己烷（IMCI）、双(异氰酸根合甲基)降冰片烷（NBDI）或这些异氰酸酯的的任意混合物。由所述单体(环)脂族多异氰酸酯制成的改性化合物A)以常规已知方法制备。根据本发明，它们具有小于0.5重量%的单体浓度，并且作为变体包含例如脲二酮-、异氰脲酸酯-、脲基甲酸酯-、缩二脲-、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮-和/或噁二嗪三酮结构，如其例如在J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185 – 200中、在DE-A 1 670 666和EP-A 0 798 299中示例性描述的。作为改性的多异氰酸酯A)也可以使用含有氨基甲酸酯-和异氰酸酯基团的反应产物，所谓的异氰酸酯预聚物和碳二亚胺改性的多异氰酸酯。所述多异氰酸酯A)优选具有10至30重量%的异氰酸酯含量。优选的，但并非唯一的改性多异氰酸酯A)是基于HDI、具有< 0.5重量%的单体含量的低粘度产品。特别优选使用含有脲二酮基团的基于HDI的多异氰酸酯和/或基于HDI的预聚物。非常特别优选使用含有脲二酮基团的基于HDI的多异氰酸酯和/或基于HDI的预聚物，其中组分A含有总共小于5重量%脂环族多异氰酸酯，因为脂环族多异氰酸酯明显比基于HDI的多异氰酸酯更昂贵。
组分B)具有2至8的平均羟基官能度并优选由至少一种具有1000至15 000 g/mol，优选2000至13 000 g/mol的平均分子量的多羟基聚醚和/或至少一种具有2000至10 000 g/mol，优选2000至8000 g/mol的平均分子量的多羟基聚酯和/或至少一种具有1000 – 5000 g/mol的平均分子量的低聚碳酸酯多元醇构成。
合适的多羟基聚醚是优选二-或三官能起始剂分子（Startermoleküle）或这样的起始剂分子的混合物的烷氧基化产物，其本身是由聚氨酯化学已知的。合适的起始剂分子是例如水、乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油和山梨糖醇。适合于烷氧基化的环氧烷尤其是环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷，其中这些环氧烷可以以任意次序使用和/或作为混合物使用。此外，具有1000至5000 g/mol，优选1000至2000 g/mol的平均分子量的脂族低聚碳酸酯多元醇也可用作组分B)。合适的脂族低聚碳酸酯多元醇是如例如EP-A 1 404 740和EP-A 1 518 879 A2中所述的本身已知的单体碳酸二烷基酯与OH官能度≥ 2.0的多元醇或多元醇混合物和/或所述多元醇与内酯的混合物的酯交换反应产物，所述单体碳酸二烷基酯例如为碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯等，所述多元醇例如为1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、环己烷二甲醇、三羟甲基丙烷。
合适的聚酯多元醇是本身已知的含羟基的优选二元醇与不足量的优选双官能羧酸的酯化产物，所述二元醇例如是乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-丁二醇和1,6-己二醇，所述双官能羧酸例如是丁二酸、己二酸、邻苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸或这些酸的混合物。
组分C)优选是具有62至500 g/mol，优选62至400 g/mol的分子量的双官能增链剂。优选的增链剂C)包括二元醇，例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇或这些醇的混合物。具有醚基团和低于400 g/mol的分子量的二醇也适合用作组分C)或组分C)的一部分，如其可通过上文已举例提到的类型的双官能起始剂分子的丙氧基化和/或乙氧基化获得。可用的增链剂C)还包括带有芳基烷基的氨基的二胺，例如1,3-二甲苯二胺。此外也可以使用聚碳酸酯二醇，只要它们的分子量低于500 g/mol。同样可以使用例举的增链剂的任意混合物。基于组分B)、C)、D)和E)的总重量计，增链剂C)以2至15，优选4至12重量%的量使用。
本发明重要的发泡剂D)是上文已提到的种类的化合物。环烃的实例是环丙烷和环戊烷。非环烃尤其是丁烷、正戊烷和异戊烷。将含卤烃理解为含氢的氯氟烃或氟代烃或全氟化合物，例如全氟链烷。作为氯氟烃可使用例如氯二氟甲烷(R22)、1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷(R141b)、1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷(R142b)或1,3-二氯-1,1,2,3,3,六氟丙烷(R216a)。氢氟烃的实例是五氟乙烷(R125)、1,1,1-三氟乙烷(R143a)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)、1,1,2-三氟乙烷(R143)、1,1-二氟乙烷(R152a)、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(R245fa)、八氟丙烷(R218)或1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷(R365 mfc)。将含卤醚理解为含氢的氯氟醚或氟醚，例如二氟甲氧基-2,2,2-三氟乙烷(E245)。可用的醚的实例是二甲醚或二乙醚。硝基甲烷是优选的含氮烃。将部分卤化的烯烃理解为例如反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙-1-烯(HFO-1234ze)、2,3,3,3-四氟丙-1-烯(HFO-1234yf)、FEA 1100（1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯）和FEA 1200。专注于安全性，可优选使用不可燃的发泡剂。
在制造聚氨酯(PUR)时，基于组分B)、C)、D)和E)的总重量计，以0.1至10重量%，优选1至8重量%，特别优选2至7重量%的量使用物理发泡剂D)。
作为任选共同使用的助剂和添加剂E)使用本身已知的类型的化合物。它们是聚氨酯泡沫材料制造中常规和已知的化合物，例如催化剂、稳定剂、颜料、填料或水，基于组分B)的重量计，其任选以最多0.3重量%的量使用。但是，优选不添加水进行PUR的制造。
可以使用常用于聚氨酯的已知催化剂，例如在WO 2008/034884或EP 0929586中列举的那些作为催化剂。它们不仅包括锡、锌、铋、铁、汞的盐和螯合物，还包括叔胺化合物。优选使用有机锡化合物，例如双十二烷基硫醇二甲基锡(IV)、双(2-乙基己基巯基乙酸酯)二甲基锡(IV)、二亚甲基异辛基酯硫醇二甲基锡(IV)、二癸基硫醇二甲基锡(IV)、丁烯基二羧酸二甲基锡(IV)、二月桂酸二甲基锡(IV)和二(新癸基羧酸)二甲基锡(IV)。优选使用非临时性的（fungitive）催化剂。
将稳定剂理解为UV吸收剂、抗氧化剂、自由基清除剂以及泡沫稳定剂。UV吸收剂不仅可以是无机化合物，例如二氧化钛、氧化锌或二氧化铈，也可以是有机化合物，如2-羟基二苯甲酮、2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-氰基丙烯酸酯和N,N’-二苯基乙二酰胺。自由基清除剂包括已知的HALS（受阻胺光稳定剂）体系，作为抗氧化剂可以使用位阻酚和/或仲芳胺。泡沫稳定剂通常由聚醚硅氧烷或聚氧化烯的嵌段共聚物构成。
将颜料和填料理解为例如碳酸钙、石墨、炭黑、二氧化钛、二氧化钛、氧化铁、硅灰石、玻璃纤维、碳纤维或有机染料或填料。
在“Kunststoffhandbuch 7 –Polyurethanes”, Becker/Braun, Carl Hanser Verlag, 慕尼黑/维也纳, 1993, 104及以后几页中给出组分E)“助剂和添加剂”的其它实例。
此外，以这样的量来使用起始组分，以至于获得80至120，优选95至105的异氰酸酯指数。将异氰酸酯指数理解为NCO基团数除以NCO反应性基团数再乘以100形成的商数。
为了制造PU成型件，通常将组分B)至E)合并成“多元醇组分”，然后将其与多异氰酸酯组分A)混合并在闭模中反应。为此使用常规测量-和计量装置。
反应组分（多异氰酸酯组分A)和由组分B)、C)、D)和E)构成的“多元醇组分”）的温度通常在20至60℃的温度范围内。模具的温度通常在20至100℃，优选在50至90℃。
测定引入模具中的可发泡材料的量以产生200至700千克/立方米的成型件表观密度。
该成型件例如用作方向盘或门侧饰板以及仪表板覆盖物或通常用作汽车内部中的防护垫。
该脂族泡沫材料适合用作汽车领域中的仪表板、控制台，门或储物格的内衬。
借助于下列实施例意在进一步说明本发明。
实施例
表1-3中的百分比按重量计。
多异氰酸酯 A1) ：
通过根据EP-A 0 377 177的实施例1a)的三丁基膦催化的HDI低聚制备含有异氰脲酸酯-和脲二酮基团的HDI，但是不共同使用2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇。在粗制溶液的NCO含量为42% 时中止该反应，并通过在130℃的温度和0.2毫巴的压力下的薄层蒸馏除去未转化的HDI。
NCO含量: 22.7%
NCO 官能度: 2.2
单体HDI: 0.3%
粘度 (23℃): 90 mPas。
多异氰酸酯 A2):
7摩尔1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(HDI)和1摩尔具有400（OH值 = 280）的重均分子量的聚环氧丙烷二醇在80℃下反应，直至获得恒定的NCO含量。此后通过在130℃的温度和0.5毫巴的压力下的薄层蒸馏除去过量的单体HDI。
NCO含量: 12.6%
单体HDI: 0.2%
粘度 (23℃): 4250 mPas。
多异氰酸酯 I:
1重量份HDI和1重量份多异氰酸酯A1)的混合物
多异氰酸酯 II:
1重量份多异氰酸酯A2)和1重量份多异氰酸酯A1)的混合物
多异氰酸酯 III:
多异氰酸酯A1)。
多元醇 :
具有OH值为28的聚醚多元醇；通过用环氧丙烷/环氧乙烷(PO/EO)以82:18的重量比将山梨糖醇烷氧基化制备，且主要是伯OH-端基。
发泡剂 : 根据多异氰酸酯如此添加发泡剂，以使发泡剂含量在每种情况下为所有的原材料的大约3.6重量%。
发泡剂 I: HFC 245 fa [来自Honeywell的1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷]
发泡剂 II: 异己烷
发泡剂 III: 戊烷。
下表1至3中描述了用于制造聚氨酯的组分和用量。
表 1: 组合物
实施例 1 2* 3* 组分
多元醇 81.0 81.0 81.0 B
异佛尔酮二胺(增链剂) 1.0 1.0 1.0 C
Coscat 83(催化剂)；来自Erbslöh KG 0.5 0.5 0.5 E
1,4-丁二醇 9.5 9.5 9.5 C
二乙醇胺 2.0 2.0 2.0 C
发泡剂I 5.0 6.3 5.8 D
异氰酸酯I 37.5 - - A
异氰酸酯II - 76.1 - A
异氰酸酯III - - 59.6 A
* 根据本发明。
表 2: 组合物
实施例 4 5 6 组分
多元醇 81.0 81.0 81.0 B
异佛尔酮二胺(增链剂) 1.0 1.0 1.0 C
Coscat 83(催化剂)；来自Erbslöh KG 0.5 0.5 0.5 E
1,4-丁二醇 9.5 9.5 9.5 C
二乙醇胺 2.0 2.0 2.0 C
发泡剂II 5.0 6.3 5.8 D
异氰酸酯I 37.5 - - A
异氰酸酯II - 76.1 - A
异氰酸酯III - - 59.6 A
表 3: 组合物
实施例 7 8* 9* 组分
多元醇 81.0 81.0 81.0 B
异佛尔酮二胺(增链剂) 1.0 1.0 1.0 C
Coscat 83(催化剂)；来自Erbslöh KG 0.5 0.5 0.5 E
1,4-丁二醇 9.5 9.5 9.5 C
二乙醇胺 2.0 2.0 2.0 C
发泡剂III 5.0 6.3 5.8 D
异氰酸酯I 37.5 - - A
异氰酸酯II - 76.1 - A
异氰酸酯III - - 59.6 A
* 根据本发明。
表 4: 性质
实施例 1 2* 3*
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的自由发泡密度 [kg/m³] 176 304 311
异氰酸酯/发泡剂的危险品标志 T, N / - Xi, N / - Xi / -
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观总密度 [kg/m³] 511 520 564
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观表皮密度 [kg/m³] 765 600 675
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观芯密度 430 500 532
Δ表观密度皮-芯 [kg/m³] 335 100 143
贯入1400 g, 3毫米直径贯入尖端 [mm] 1.9 5.1 4.0
* 根据本发明。
表 5: 性质
实施例 4 5 6
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的自由发泡密度 [kg/m³] 246 470 480
异氰酸酯/发泡剂的危险品标志 T, N / F Xi, N / F Xi / F
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观总密度 [kg/m³] 566 - -
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观表皮密度 [kg/m³] 787 - -
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观芯密度 474 - -
Δ表观密度皮-芯 [kg/m³] 313 - -
贯入1400g, 3毫米直径贯入尖端 [mm] 1.0
表 6: 性质
实施例 7 8* 9*
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的自由发泡密度 [kg/m³] 123 180 196
异氰酸酯/发泡剂的危险品标志 T, N / F Xi, N / F Xi / F
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观总密度 [kg/m³] 546 577 533
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观表皮密度 [kg/m³] 680 674 687
根据DIN EN ISO 845测得的表观芯密度 467 525 504
Δ表观密度皮-芯 [kg/m³] 213 149 183
贯入1400g, 3毫米直径贯入尖端 [mm] 1.6 4.3 3.5
* 根据本发明。
模具温度为70℃，模具尺寸为100 x 100 x 20 mm。对异氰酸酯和对多元醇制剂而言，所用组分的温度为室温（25℃）。如此安排引入模具中的量以产生给出的表观密度。
试验1、4和7是对比试验，其含有大量的单体二异氰酸酯。显而易见地，它们可以用任何发泡剂有效发泡，因为自由发泡密度远低于所需的450千克/立方米并表现出明显高于90千克/立方米的良好结皮（表观表皮密度与表观芯密度之差）。但是，这些对比试验都具有显著缺点，即它们使用大量被归类为有害健康、致敏或甚至有毒材料并且部分具有高蒸汽压的低分子量单体脂族二异氰酸酯制造。出于劳动卫生原因，加工这些单体二异氰酸酯需要大的安全技术耗费。此外存在着这样的可能性，即尤其在使用过量多异氰酸酯的情况下，未完全反应的单体二异氰酸酯长期留在制成的泡沫中并会从该泡沫中缓慢蒸发出来。
与此相反，其中使用低单体多异氰酸酯的根据本发明的组合2、3、8和9和对比试验5和6可明显更简单地加工。所述多异氰酸酯具有低蒸汽压，在加工阶段中环境空气中没有被单体二异氰酸酯污染。几乎没有单体二异氰酸酯从最终部件中蒸发出来。但是可看出，组合5和6均具有极高的自由发泡密度，即发泡少。因此，异己烷不太适合用作基于贫单体的脂族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯泡沫的发泡剂。
此外表明，与对比试验相比，用贫单体多异氰酸酯时结皮略微变难，但是尽管如此，在根据本发明的体系2、3、8和9中表面具有足够的致密。此外，根据本发明的实施例明显更柔软（参见贯入值）。
实施例2和3中此外使用为多元醇方面提供安全性方面的进一步优点的不可燃物理发泡剂。
劳动卫生良好的根据本发明使用的聚氨酯体系提供了柔软的泡沫，此外该泡沫表现出足够的结皮。但是，必须注意，只有用根据本发明使用的发泡剂才能成功形成这种具有适当表皮的柔软泡沫。使用异己烷作为发泡剂，尽管使用根据本发明使用的多异氰酸酯（试验5和6），这也不成功。

Claims (1)

1.发泡耐光聚氨酯整体成型件，其具有最高450千克/立方米的自由发泡密度和至少90千克/立方米的在成型件的芯与外皮之间的密度差，其可由下列材料获得
A) 具有至少两个没有直接键合到芳族基团上的异氰酸酯基团的有机改性(环)脂族多异氰酸酯化合物，其可由单体(环)脂族多异氰酸酯获得，
B) 具有1000 – 15 000 g/mol的平均分子量和2至8，优选2至6的官能度的多元醇，
C) 具有62 – 500 g/mol的分子量和2至8，优选2至4的官能度的多元醇或多胺作为增链剂/交联剂，
D) 发泡剂，
E) 任选另外的助剂或添加剂，
其特征在于，所述组分A)具有小于0.5重量%的(环)脂族多异氰酸酯的单体含量，且作为发泡剂D)使用选自下述的物理发泡剂：具有最多5个碳原子的(环)脂族烃、具有最多5个碳原子的部分卤化的烃或具有最多5个碳原子的部分卤化的烯烃或各自具有最多5个碳原子的醚、酮或乙酸酯或具有最多5个碳原子的含氮烃，以这样的量来使用它，以至于产生具有最高450千克/立方米的自由发泡密度的自由发泡泡沫和以至于调节至少90千克/立方米的在成型件的外皮与芯之间的密度差。
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