CN103304882B - 注塑鞋底 - Google Patents

注塑鞋底 Download PDF

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CN103304882B
CN103304882B CN201210058197.5A CN201210058197A CN103304882B CN 103304882 B CN103304882 B CN 103304882B CN 201210058197 A CN201210058197 A CN 201210058197A CN 103304882 B CN103304882 B CN 103304882B
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ethylene
multipolymer
alkyl acrylate
injection moulded
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CN103304882A (zh
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陈�峰
张大为
王盛
孟季茹
王兴旺
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D35/00Producing footwear
    • B29D35/12Producing parts thereof, e.g. soles, heels, uppers, by a moulding technique
    • B29D35/122Soles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
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Abstract

在此公开了一种由泡沫组合物制得的注塑鞋底,其中所述泡沫组合物包含:以(a)和(b)的重量总和计,(a)约20-93重量%的至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物和(b)约7-80重量%的至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶。相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,在此公开的泡沫组合物进一步包含(c)约0.5-5重量%的至少一种交联剂,以及(d)约0.5-5重量%的至少一种发泡剂。

Description

注塑鞋底
技术领域
本公开涉及注塑鞋底,其具有改进的弹性及降低的压缩永久形变。
背景技术
在制鞋行业中,基于乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)的泡沫已被广泛用作鞋底材料。然而,当这种基于EVA的泡沫用作高端休闲鞋或跑步鞋时,为了提供高的能量回归以及减轻疲劳,仍然需要进一步提高其弹性,并进一步降低其压缩永久形变。
美国专利公开2005/0081980公开了由树脂(如EVA)和天然橡胶或合成橡胶(如聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、聚丁二烯橡胶、丁苯橡胶等)的共混物制成的泡沫缓冲垫。然而这种共混物依然无法解决上述问题。
发明内容
本公开涉及具有高弹性和低压缩永久形变的注塑鞋底。本公开涉及的注塑鞋底是由泡沫组合物制得,其中该泡沫组合物包含:
(a)至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物;
(b)至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶;
(c)至少一种交联剂;以及
(d)至少一种发泡剂,
其中,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)包括乙烯共聚单元和5-50重量%的至少一种选自醋酸乙烯酯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的非乙烯共聚单体的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
其中,所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)包含乙烯共聚单元和大于50重量%至95重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚单元, 所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%,
其中,以(a)和(b)的重量总和计,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)的含量为20-93重量%,所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)的含量为7-80重量%,以及
其中,以(a)和(b)的重量总和计,所述至少一种交联剂(c)的含量为0.5-5重量%,所述至少一种发泡剂(d)的含量为0.5-5重量%。
在注塑鞋底的一个实施方案中,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)包含20-45重量%或30-45重量%的所述至少一种非乙烯共聚单体的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)还可进一步包含不超过35重量%、或不超过25重量%、或不超过20重量%的其他单体共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,包含在所述热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)中的所述其他单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸酐、丙烯酸丁酯、一氧化碳,以及以上两种或更多种的组合。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)为乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)为乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)进一步包含不超过5重量%的其他单体共聚单元,所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,包含在所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)中的所述其他单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、马来酸、具有一个或多个选自酸、羟基、环氧基团、异氰酸酯、胺、噁唑啉、氯乙酸酯、以及二烯的反应性基团的共聚单体,以及以上两种或更多种的组合。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,以(a)和(b)的重量总和计,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)的含量为45-93重量%,并且所述至少一种乙烯/ 丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)的含量为7-55重量%,或者,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)的含量为70-88重量%,并且所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)的含量为12-30重量%。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述至少一种交联剂(c)的含量为1-4重量%或1.5-3重量%。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,,所述至少一种发泡剂(d)的含量为1-4重量%或1.5-3重量%。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,所述泡沫组合物进一步包含,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和的,不超过50重量%或不超过25重量%的一种或多种其他添加剂。
在注塑鞋底的另一个实施方案中,所述一种或多种其他添加剂选自发泡剂活化剂、填料、抗氧化剂、颜料、稳定剂,以及以上两种或更多种的组合。
本公开进一步提供制造鞋底的方法,其包括:
(i)提供泡沫组合物,以及(ii)注塑这一泡沫组合物获得鞋底,其中泡沫组合物包含:
a)至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物;
b)至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶;
c)至少一种交联剂;以及
d)至少一种发泡剂,
其中,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)包括乙烯共聚单元和5-50重量%的至少一种选自醋酸乙烯酯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的非乙烯共聚单体共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%,
其中,所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)包含乙烯共聚单元和从大于50重量%至95%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚单元,所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶中包含的所有共聚单元总量为100重量%,
其中,以(a)和(b)的重量计,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)的含量为20-93重量%,所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)的含量为7-80重量%,以及
其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述至少一种交联剂(c)的含量为0.5-5重量%,所述至少一种发泡剂(d)的含量为0.5-5重量%。
根据本公开,当给出带有两个具体的端点的范围时,该范围应理解为包括该两个具体的端点内的任何值以及等于或约等于该两个端点中任一个的任何值。
发明详述
术语“(甲基)丙烯酸”表示甲基丙烯酸和/或丙烯酸。与此相同,术语“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”表示甲基丙烯酸酯和/或丙烯酸酯。 
热塑性组合物是在压力下加热时可流动的聚合材料。整个过程可重复多次直至发生降解。热塑性材料的熔体流动特性通常以熔体流动速率来测量。对具有极高熔体流动速率或低粘度的热塑材料,它们的流动特性可通过它们的本征粘度(intrinsic viscosities)来测量。
在此公开了一种由泡沫组合物制成的注塑鞋底,其中所述泡沫组合物包含:(a)约20-93重量%的至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物和(b)约7-80重量%的至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶,以(a)和(b)的重量总和计。在此公开的泡沫组合物进一步包含,相对于(a)和(b)的总重量,(c)约0.5-5重量%的至少一种交联剂;以及(d)约0.5-5重量%至少一种发泡剂。
术语“热塑性乙烯共聚物”表示由乙烯单体和至少一种选自乙酸乙烯酯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的非乙烯共聚单体共聚获得的热塑性共聚物。根据本公开,以热塑性乙烯共聚物的总重量,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中含有约5-50重量%、或约20-45重量%、或约30-45重量%的至少一种非乙烯共聚单体的共聚单元。
在一个实施方案中,所述泡沫组合物中包含的所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物选自乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),以EVA的总重量计,其包含约5-50重量%、或约20-45重量%、或约30-45重量%的醋酸乙烯酯共聚单元。根据本公开,在此所用的EVA还可包含不超过约35重量%、或不超过约25重量%、或不超过约20重量%的一种或多种其他单体的共聚单元。所述一种或多种其他共聚单体可包括但不限于(甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸酐、丙烯酸丁酯、一氧化碳,以及两种或更多种上述物质的组合。适用的EVA也可 通过商业途径获得。例如从美国E.I.内穆尔杜邦公司(E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company)(以下简称“杜邦公司”)获得的 EVA树脂;从法国阿科玛公司(Arkerma,Inc.)获得的EvataneTM EVA共聚物;从美国埃克森美孚化工(Exxonmobil Chemical)获得的EscoreneTM EVA树脂;从日本杜邦-三井高分子化学公司(DuPont-Mitusi Polychemicals Co.Ltd)获得的 EVA树脂;或者从加拿大塞拉尼斯(Celanese)获得的AtevaTM EVA树脂可用于此。
在另一个实施方案中,所述泡沫组合物中包含的所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物选自乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物。术语“乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯”用来表示包含乙烯和至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚单元的共聚物。例如,丙烯酸烷基酯包括丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸丁酯。并且在此所用的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物包括但不限于乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)、乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)和乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)。以乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物的总重量计,所述乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物中包含的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚单体的量可为约5-50重量%、或约20-45重量%、或约30-35重量%。在此所用的烷基基团可为具有1-10、或1-8、或1-4个碳原子的支化或非支化的烷基基团。在一个实施方案中,丙烯酸甲酯(极性最高的丙烯酸烷基酯共聚单体)可以用来制备乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯二聚体。
所述乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物还可任选地包含不超过约35重量%、或不超过约25重量%、或不超过约20重量%的至少一种其他共聚单体,如上述EVA部分中所述的那些。
乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物可以利用聚合物领域熟知的方法在高压釜或管式反应器中制备。所述共聚可在高压釜中以连续过程进行。例如,将乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯如丙烯酸甲酯,以及任选的溶剂如甲醇与引发剂一起连续进料加入高压釜的搅拌容器中。加入速度取决于聚合温度、压力以及反应混合物中达到共聚物目标组成所需的丙烯酸甲酯单体的浓度。在一些情况下,还更可取地使用调聚剂(telogen)如丙烷来控制分子量。混合物产品可连续地被从容器中移出。该混合物产品离开反应容器后,可利用常规手段,例如,在减压及升高的温度下蒸馏出未聚合的物质和溶剂,将 共聚物与未反应的单体和溶剂(若使用的话)分离。
另外,在此所使用的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物还可在高压和升温条件下在管式反应器等内制备,其中,由于乙烯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯(例如丙烯酸甲酯)共聚单体各自反应动力学不同造成的固有后果(inherent consequences),通过在管式反应器内沿反应流动路径有目的地引入单体的方法得以缓解或部分补偿。如本领域技术人员所熟知的那样,这一管式反应器共聚技术将制得沿聚合物骨架具有较大相对不均匀性的共聚物(共聚单体的嵌段分布更显著),可以减少长的支化链,并且会制备出与高压搅拌压力反应器中以相同单体比例制备的产物相比具有更高熔点特性的共聚物。
在此使用的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物还可通过商购获得。示例的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物可包括从杜邦公司获取的商品名称为 从阿科玛公司获取的商品名称为LotrylTM、从埃克森美孚化工获取的商品名称为OptemaTM、或从美国Westlake Chemical Corp获取的商品名称为EMACTM的共聚物。
乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶,也称作AEM橡胶,通过乙烯和,以AEM橡胶总重量计,从大于50重量%至约90重量%、或从大于50重量%至约80重量%、或从大于50重量%至约75重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯聚合获得。在此所使用的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯基团可选自前述热塑性乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物部分中所述的。而且,本公开使用的AEM橡胶还可任选地进一步包含,以AEM橡胶总重量计,不超过约5重量%的功能性共聚单体。本公开使用的任选的功能性共聚单体包括但不限于(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)、马来酸,和其他具有一个或多个包括酸、羟基、环氧基、异氰酸酯、胺、噁唑啉、氯乙酸酯、或二烯官能团的反应性基团的共聚单体。也可想象,在此所用的AEM橡胶是通过乙烯和多于一个(例如两个)(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯单体的共聚制得。实例有通过聚合乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯和第二种丙烯酸酯(例如丙烯酸丁酯)制得的AEM橡胶。
在此所使用的AEM橡胶还可通过商业途径获得。示例性的AEM橡胶可包括杜邦公司商品名为 的AEM橡胶。
可以想象,在此所用的泡沫组合物中包含的热塑性乙烯共聚物可为两 种或更多种热塑性乙烯共聚物的共混物。还可以想象,该泡沫组合物中包含的AEM橡胶也可以是两种或更多种AEM橡胶的共混物。
根据本公开,在此所用的泡沫组合物中,以热塑性乙烯共聚物和AEM橡胶的重量总和计,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物的含量为约20-93重量%,并且AEM橡胶的含量为约7-80重量%。在一个实施方案中,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物的含量为约45-93重量%,并且AEM橡胶的含量为约7-55重量%。在进一步实施方案中,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物的含量为约70-88重量%,并且AEM橡胶的含量为约12-30重量%。
在此所用的交联剂可为任何合适的过氧化物。术语“过氧化物”是指包括一个或更多过氧键即O-O键的有机化合物。例如,奥德里奇手册:精细化学品目录(Aldrich Catalogue of Fine Chemicals)公开了适用的过氧化物。加热过氧化物会产生自由基,这些自由基与组合物的组分发生反应引起混合物中的共价交联。通过调节组合物中有机过氧化物的量和种类,自由基产生速率、淬灭和交联步骤可以得到控制。
适用于此的示例性过氧化物交联剂包括但不限于过氧化甲乙酮、过氧化二异丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷、1,1-二(叔丁基过氧基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-二(叔丁基过氧基)环己烷、2,2′-二(叔丁基过氧基)二异丙苯、4,4′-二(叔丁基过氧基)戊酸丁酯、3,3-二(叔丁基过氧基)丁酸乙酯、叔丁基过氧化异丙苯、二[(叔丁基过氧基)-异丙基]苯、叔丁基过氧化物、6,6,9,9-四甲基-3-甲基-3,正丁基-1,2,4,5-四氧代环壬烷、6,6,9,9,-四甲基-3-甲基-3-乙基羰基甲基-1,2,4,5-四氧代环壬烷、3,3-二(叔丁基过氧基)-丁酸乙酯、过氧化二苯甲酰、2,4-二氯过氧化苯甲酰、OO-叔丁基过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二-(叔丁基过氧基)己炔-3、以及以上两种或更多种的组合。
在此使用的交联剂也可以商购获得。示例性的交联剂包括荷兰阿克苏诺贝尔公司(AkzoNobel Coporate)的商品名称为PerkadoxTM、或阿科玛公司的商品名称为LuperoxTM的交联剂。适用的过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)交联剂可从中国上海方锐达化学品有限公司或中国杭州海虹精细化工有限公司获取。
根据本公开,相对于热塑性乙烯共聚物和AEM橡胶的重量总和,所述 至少一种交联剂在所述泡沫组合物中的含量为约0.5-5重量%、或约1-4重量%、或约1.5-3重量%。
在此使用的发泡剂可为热降解发泡剂,其降解温度等于或高于在此所用的泡沫组合物的熔融温度。在此使用的发泡剂可为有机或无机发泡剂。示例性的有机发泡剂包括但不限于偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、二偶氮氨基苯、N,N-二甲基-N,N-二亚硝基对苯二甲酰胺、N,N-二亚硝基五亚甲基四胺、苯磺酰肼、苯基-1,3-二磺酰肼、二苯磺基-3-3、二磺酰肼、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰胺基脲、偶氮二甲酸钡、丁胺腈、硝基脲、三肼基三嗪、苯基-甲基-脲烷、对磺酰肼以及以上两种或更多种的组合,而示例性的无机发泡剂包括但不限于碳酸氢铵、碳酸氢钠以及它们的组合。
在此使用的发泡剂还可商购获得。示例性发泡剂可包括从中国杭州海虹精细化工有限公司获得的商品名为AC3000的发泡剂。
根据本公开,相对于热塑性乙烯共聚物和AEM橡胶的重量总和,所述至少一种发泡剂在所述泡沫组合物中的含量为约0.5-5重量%、或约1-4重量%、或约1.5-3重量%。
在此公开的泡沫组合物还可任选地包括一种或多种任何其他适用的添加剂。这些其他适用的添加剂包括但不限于发泡剂活化剂、填料、抗氧化剂、颜料、稳定剂。而且相对于热塑性乙烯共聚物和AEM橡胶的重量总和,所述一种或多种其他适用的添加剂在所述泡沫组合物中的总含量为约50重量%或约25重量%。
在此公开的鞋底是利用注塑法由在此公开的泡沫组合物制得。例如,所述泡沫组合物的所有组分可首先熔融共混成基本均相的组合物。可用本领域熟知的任何方法例如Brabender搅拌器来混合和共混各成分。本领域技术人员熟知如何调整混合条件,如温度、剪切速度、持续时间等以确保形成均相。例如,混合温度可保持在约60-90℃,并且混合时间可为约8-15min。
这样获得的均相组合物可进一步利用任何合适的成型机例如单螺杆造粒机进行造粒,可以利用任何适用的注塑机进一步将由此产生的颗粒注塑成制品。
在此使用的注塑方法没有特别的限制,可以使用任何已知的注塑方法。在示例性方法中,通过加热熔化造粒的泡沫组合物,然后使用柱塞或螺杆 挤压使得其注入模具中,直至模具中充满组合物,通过硬化或固化模具中的树脂组合物即可获得一个注塑鞋底。更具体而言,可用的注塑方法包括在在线螺杆系统中注入注塑泡沫组合物,以获得在此公开的注塑鞋底的方法。
实施例
材料:
·AEM:以商品名获自杜邦公司的乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物橡胶(含有65重量%的丙烯酸甲酯);
·EVM:以商品名LevaprenTM 700获自德国朗盛公司(Lanxess AG)的乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物橡胶(含有70重量%的醋酸乙烯酯);
·ECP-1:以商品名AC1330获自杜邦公司的乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(含有30重量%的丙烯酸甲酯);
·ECP-2:以商品名40L-03获自杜邦公司的乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯(含有40重量%的醋酸乙烯酯);
·CLA:获自中国上海方锐达化学品有限公司的过氧化二异丙苯;
·FA:获自中国杭州海虹精细化工有限公司的偶氮二甲酰胺;
·TiO 2 :以商品名R101获自杜邦公司的二氧化钛;
·ZnO:获自中国广东光华科技股份有限公司的氧化锌;
·StZn:获自中国广东光华科技股份有限公司的硬脂酸锌。
方法:
·按照DIN53512标准在室温下进行弹性测试。试样直径约40mm,厚度为12.5±0.5mm。每个样品准备三个测试样进行测试以获得平均弹性读数。
·按照ASTM-D-395-B标准进行压缩永久形变测试。对测试样品施加50%的变形量后将设备放置在50℃的烘箱中6小时。每个样品准备三个测试样进行测试以获得平均压缩永久形变读数。
●按照JIS K 7312(1996)中描述的C类硬度测试标准进行硬度测试,其样品厚度为12mm。每个样品准备三个测试样进行测试以获得平均 硬度读数。
●按照ISO 845:2006标准进行密度测试。每个样品准备三个测试样进行测试以获得平均密度读数。
●通过目测的颗粒来评估可加工性。并且采用如下5级评级标准:
A-优异的造粒,即,获得了具有光滑表面和一致尺寸和形状的可分离的颗粒。
B-良好的造粒,即,获得了具有光滑表面和一致尺寸的可分离的颗粒。
C-可接受的造粒,即,获得了具有光滑表面但尺寸不一致的可分离的颗粒。
D-差的造粒,即,获得了粘着的不可分离的颗粒;
E-由于粘性不能获得颗粒。
比较实施例CE1-CE5以及实施例E1-E7:
在CE1-CE5和E1-E7的每个实施例中,树脂颗粒制造方法如下:首先将每个实施例包含的所有组分(表1所列)在设置为约80℃-90℃的Brabender混合器中混合10min,或直至获得均相树脂组合物。然后,利用单螺杆造粒机在100℃条件下将每个实施例中的树脂组合物造粒。通过目测颗粒来获得每个样品的可加工性评级。
另外,将这样获得的颗粒(除CE3的颗粒)送入注塑机(KS-0901ULYL,台湾钜钢机械有限公司)的进料器,并进一步在设置为60rpm/88-88-88-85℃的不同区域在螺旋剪切作用下混合。从喷嘴出来的混合物进一步喷入并保持在模具中400秒(模具温度设置在175℃),而后经过步进式冷却管道(60-50-40-30℃)5分钟,以获得最终的泡沫产品。然后对泡沫产品进行弹性、压缩永久形变、硬度和密度测试。
在CE5中,由于其粘着性,所有组分在Brabender混合器中混合后,利用双辊磨机 中国威福兴机械(上海)有限公司)在45℃下将得到的均相组合物压成板。随后将这些板直接加入注塑机的模具中制得最终的泡沫产品。
从结果来看,可以得出结论如下,当单独使用热塑性乙烯共聚物时(CE1 和CE4),虽然其可加工性是优异的,但仍需进一步改善其弹性并进一步降低其压缩永久形变。然而,将热塑性乙烯共聚物和约7-80重量%的AEM橡胶(E1-E7)共混后,其可加工性保持为从可接受到优异的同时,其弹性得到了改善,并且其压缩永久形变得以降低。
比较实施例CE6-CE13:
在CE6-CE13的每个实施例中,利用前述CE1部分描述的方法相似的方法来制备树脂颗粒。并且,其可加工性通过目测评价。
再者,利用前述CE1部分描述的方法相似的方法将颗粒(除了CE13中的颗粒)塑成泡沫产品。而后对该泡沫产品进行弹性、压缩永久形变、硬度和密度的测定。
结果表明,将热塑性乙烯共聚物与EVM橡胶共混,虽然可加工性保持为可接受到优异,并且压缩永久形变有所降低,但其弹性不能得到一致的改善。另一方面,通过将热塑性乙烯共聚物与ACM橡胶共混,虽然可加工性保持为可接受到优异,但其压缩永久形变不能得到一致地降低并且其弹性不能得到一致地改善。

Claims (20)

1.由泡沫组合物制成的注塑鞋底,其中所述泡沫组合物包含:
(a)至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物;
(b)至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶;
(c)至少一种交联剂;以及
(d)至少一种发泡剂,
其中,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)包含乙烯共聚单元和5-50重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%,
其中所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)包含乙烯共聚单元和高于50重量%至95重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚单元,所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%,
其中,以(a)和(b)的重量总和计,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)的含量为20-93重量%,并且所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)的含量为7-80重量%,并且,
其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述至少一种交联剂(c)的含量为0.5-5重量%,所述至少一种发泡剂(d)的含量为0.5-5重量%。
2.如权利要求1所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)包含20-45重量%的所述至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
3.如权利要求2所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)包含30-45重量%的所述至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
4.如权利要求1所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)可进一步包含不超过35重量%的其他单体的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
5.如权利要求4所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)可进一步包含不超过25重量%的其他单体的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
6.如权利要求4所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)可进一步包含不超过20重量%的其他单体的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
7.如权利要求4中所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)包含的所述其他单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸酐、丙烯酸丁酯、一氧化碳,以及以上两种或更多种的组合。
8.如权利要求1所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)进一步包含不超过5重量%的其他单体的共聚单元,所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
9.如权利要求8所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)包含的另外单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、具有一个或多个选自酸、羟基、环氧基团、异氰酸酯、胺、噁唑啉、氯乙酸酯、以及二烯的反应性基团的共聚单体、以及以上两种或更多种的组合。
10.如权利要求8所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)包含的另外单体是马来酸。
11.如权利要求1所述的注塑鞋底,其中,以(a)和(b)的重量总和计,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)含量为45-93重量%,并且所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)的含量为7-55重量%。
12.如权利要求11所述的注塑鞋底,其中,以(a)和(b)的重量总和计,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)的含量为70-88重量%,并且所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)的含量为12-30重量%。
13.如权利要求1所述的注塑鞋底,其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述至少一种交联剂(c)的含量为1-4重量%。
14.如权利要求13所述的注塑鞋底,其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述至少一种交联剂(c)的含量为1.5-3重量%。
15.如权利要求1所述的注塑鞋底,其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述至少一种发泡剂(d)的含量为1-4重量%。
16.如权利要求15所述的注塑鞋底,其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述至少一种发泡剂(d)的含量为1.5-3重量%。
17.如权利要求1所述的注塑鞋底,其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述泡沫组合物进一步包含不超过50重量%的一种或多种其他添加剂。
18.如权利要求17所述的注塑鞋底,其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述泡沫组合物进一步包含不超过25重量%的一种或多种其他添加剂。
19.如权利要求17或18所述的注塑鞋底,其中所述一种或多种其他添加剂选自发泡剂活化剂、填料、抗氧化剂、颜料、稳定剂,以及以上两种或更多种的组合。
20.制备鞋底的方法,其包括:(i)提供泡沫组合物,和(ii)注塑所述泡沫组合物以获得鞋底,其中所述泡沫组合物包含:
a)至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物;
b)至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶;
c)至少一种交联剂;以及
d)至少一种发泡剂,
其中,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)包含乙烯共聚单元和5-50重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚单元,所述热塑性乙烯共聚物中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%。
其中所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)包含乙烯共聚单元和大于50重量%至95重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚单元,所述乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶中包含的所有共聚单元的总量为100重量%,
其中,以(a)和(b)的重量总和计,所述至少一种热塑性乙烯共聚物(a)的含量为20-93重量%,并且所述至少一种乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物橡胶(b)的含量为7-80重量%,并且,
其中,相对于(a)和(b)的重量总和,所述至少一种交联剂(c)的含量为0.5-5重量%,并且所述至少一种发泡剂(d)的含量为0.5-5重量%。
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