CN103300256A - Application of rubber seedcake to cyprinus carpio mixed feed and formula of feed - Google Patents
Application of rubber seedcake to cyprinus carpio mixed feed and formula of feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103300256A CN103300256A CN2013102684966A CN201310268496A CN103300256A CN 103300256 A CN103300256 A CN 103300256A CN 2013102684966 A CN2013102684966 A CN 2013102684966A CN 201310268496 A CN201310268496 A CN 201310268496A CN 103300256 A CN103300256 A CN 103300256A
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- feed
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- rubber seedcake
- vitamin
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 title abstract description 49
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an application of a rubber seedcake to an cyprinus carpio mixed feed and a formula of the feed, and belongs to the field of aquaculture techniques. The rubber seedcake partially substitutes a composite vegetable protein source comprising bean dregs, rapeseed dregs and cottonseed dregs, and is added to the cyprinus carpio mixed feed. The mixed feed comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: 7-10% of fish meal, 10-40% of the rubber seedcake, 13-25% of the bean dregs, 8-15% of the cottonseed dregs, 5-10% of the rapeseed dregs, 18-32% of wheat middling, 0.5-1% of fish oil, 1-4% of bean oil, 0.5-1.0% of soybean lecithin, 0.7-1.2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.02-0.05% of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.2-0.3% of methionine, 0.4-0.5% of lysine, 0.01-0.03% of ethoxy quinoline, 0.5-0.8% of a mineral premix compound, and 0.5-0.8% of a vitamin premix compound. According to the application and the formula, the rubber seedcake is fully used as raw protein in the cyprinus carpio feed, so that short protein sources such as the bean dregs, the cottonseed dregs and the rapeseed dregs are saved; the feed has no adverse effect on cyprinus carpio; the cost of the formula and the coefficient of the feed are lowered and reduced; the feed has a high cost performance; the aquiculture benefit of the cyprinus carpio is improved.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of compound feed for carps, is specifically related to application and the prescription thereof of a kind of rubber seedcake in compound feed for carps, belongs to technical field of aquaculture.
Background technology
Along with the raising of people's living standard, people increase day by day to the demand of aquatic products.In recent years, China's aquatic products increment mainly comes from culture fishery, and current China aquaculture output has accounted for 72% of total output.Along with the development of culture fishery, the demand of mixed feed raw material is increasing.China is protein resource country in short supply, and the forage protein source is under-supply particularly outstanding, the annual protein raw materials breach that has more than 2,500 ten thousand tons.In recent years, the conventional protein raw materials market price continuous rises such as fish meal, dregs of beans have greatly improved feed cost.
Rubber seedcake contains crude protein 25～30%(essential amino acid balanced proportion), crude fat 10～15%(unsaturated fatty acid content reaches 82%, linoleic acid plus linolenic acid reaches more than 60%), be rich in the mineral elements such as calcium phosphorus, can consider its substitute as conventional protein raw materials.
In the prior art, patent CN101194669A relates to the process of utilizing rubber seedcake (dregs of rice) to produce protein feed, but does not relate to ratio and the effect that rubber seedcake (dregs of rice) substitutes other protein raw materials; Patent CN101473889A relates to prescription and the method for utilizing rubber seed to prepare protein feed raw material, but it mainly is to utilize rubber seed to prepare protein feed raw material, rather than directly rubber seed is used as protein feed.In view of tolerance and the utilization ratio notable difference thereof of various animals to the contained ANFs of rubber seedcake, given dosage as protein feed raw material preparation aquatic feeds is very unreasonable in the existing prescription, can't satisfy the needs of aquaculture.Therefore, necessary utilization ratio and the suitable using dosage thereof of probing into rubber seedcake in the variety classes fish feed is with this good protein feed resource of abundant development and use.
Especially, in aquaculture, carp (Cyprinus carpio) is as the important cultivation fingerling of China, and cultured output reached 271.8 ten thousand tons in 2012, accounted for 12.44% of freshwater fish culturing output, ranked the 3rd.Carp is ominivore-fish, its pellet mainly with dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, Cottonseed Meal and corn protein powder etc. as major protein raw material (CN101142971B, CN102640883B).In recent years, the conventional protein raw materials price continuous rises such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs have greatly improved feed cost, have reduced the carp culture benefit.
Therefore, trying to explore to develop new protein sources to reduce conventional protein sources use amount, is to improve the carp culture benefit, ensures a kind of effective way of freshwater aquaculture industry sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides application and the prescription thereof of a kind of rubber seedcake in compound feed for carps, the present invention is in a rational scope, take full advantage of the accessory substance of rubber seed processing-rubber seedcake, as the protein raw materials in the carp feed, part replaces plant protein source, the protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs have been saved, mixed feed has no adverse effects to the every physiological function of carp, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, have higher cost performance, improved the carp culture benefit.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention: the compound plant protein source that utilizes rubber seedcake partly to replace dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs composition makes an addition in the compound feed for carps.
A kind of compound feed for carps that contains rubber seedcake comprises fish meal, rubber seedcake, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs, inferior powder, fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, methionine, lysine, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 7～10%, rubber seedcake 10～40%, dregs of beans 13～25%, Cottonseed Meal 8～15%, rapeseed dregs 5～10%, inferior powder 18～32%, fish oil 0.5～1%, soya-bean oil 1～4%, soybean lecithin 0.5～1.0%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7～1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.02～0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, methionine 0.2～0.3%, lysine 0.4～0.5%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5～0.8%, vitamin premix 0.5～0.8%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
As preferably, the percentage by weight of various raw materials is in the described mixed feed: fish meal 7～10%, rubber seedcake 30～40%, dregs of beans 13～16%, Cottonseed Meal 8～10%, rapeseed dregs 5～7%, inferior powder 18～22%, fish oil 0.5～1%, soya-bean oil 1～2%, soybean lecithin 0.5～1.0%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7～1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.02～0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, methionine 0.2～0.3%, lysine 0.4～0.5%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5～0.8%, vitamin premix 0.5～0.8%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
Fish meal in the described mixed feed, fish oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, methionine, lysine, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix add according to the ratio of conventional feed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is in a rational scope, take full advantage of rubber seed processing byproduct-rubber seedcake, as the protein raw materials in the carp feed, part replaces plant protein source, has saved the protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs, and mixed feed has no adverse effects to the every physiological function of carp, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, had higher cost performance, improved the carp culture benefit.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, understand to make things convenient for the technical staff.But the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment:
As the forage protein source, fish oil, soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin according to the conventional feed mix proportion scheme, have been prepared 5 kinds of energy feeds (as shown in table 1) such as nitrogen such as grade as fat source with fish meal, rubber seedcake, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs.Wherein, do not add rubber seedcake in embodiment 1 feed, in contrast group; Rubber seedcake addition is 10～40% compound plant protein sources with Substitution for Soybean Meal, rapeseed dregs and Cottonseed Meal composition in embodiment 2～5 feeds.
Table 1, embodiment feed formula (% dry matter basis)
Annotate: mineral substance premix (g/kg): MgSO
47H
2O, 180; KI, 1; FeSO
4H
2O, 260; ZnSO
4H
2O, 180; CuSO
45H
2O, 25; Na
2Se
2O
3, 0.01; MnSO
4H
2O, 180; CoCl
26H
2O, 0.75; Vitamin premix (g/kg): vitamin A, 2; Vitamin D
3, 0.03; Vitamin E, 30; Vitamin K, 3; Thiamine hydrochloride, 8; Riboflavin, 11; Puridoxine hydrochloride, 8; Cobastab
12, 0.02; Ascorbic acid, 50; Folic acid, 1; Biotin, 0.1; Nicotinic acid, 30; Calcium pantothenate, 32; Inositol, 25.
All feedstuffs are pulverized through pulverizer, and whole mistake 60 mesh sieves, all feedstuffs that crush are mixed other raw materials except fish oil, soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin by table 1 feed formula, and then adding fish oil, soya-bean oil and soybean lecithin (being dissolved in the soya-bean oil first), mix, adding at last about 30% distilled water makes mash feed form hard group again, place pelleter feed to be squeezed into the strip of diameter 2.0mm, and in 40 ℃ of convection oven dry 12 hours, its moisture is down to about 8%.After testing, the nutritional labeling of various embodiments of the present invention feed formula is as shown in table 2.
Test be the same a collection of seed of artificial culture then with carp, and certain plant provides by this locality.Before the test, carp supported for 2 weeks to adapt to breeding environment temporarily with the carp commercial feed first.Carp fasting 24h before on-test.Select size evenly (approximately 24g), athletic carp, Random assignment is in 15 breeding barrels (5 test processed group, every group of 3 repetitions), every barrel of 30 tail fishes.Every day, sooner or later bait throwing in 2 times (07:00,18:00) reached the level of being satiated with food.Breeding water is the running water of aeration dechlorination, adopts the circular flow water system, and the circulatory system adopts machinery and biological filter media, and uses ultraviolet lamp disinfection, water flow velocity 30L/min.Test was carried out for 10 weeks altogether, all adopted the continuous oxygenation of 24h during the whole culture experiment, natural lighting, and water temperature remains at 18～22 ℃.
Table 2, embodiment feed nutrient
Culture experiment stops feeding 24h after finishing, and weighing every barrel of fish body gross weight also records fish body number, calculates carp growth rate and survival rate.In addition, gather the tissue samples such as carp blood and liver, and analyze and measure protein metabolism and oxidation resistance index.The analytical test of each index all adopts the maturation method that uses in the domestic and international research.All numerical value all are expressed as mean value ± standard error
, adopt one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), when having significant difference (P＜0.05) between the processed group, use Tukey ' s check to carry out multiple comparison analyse.
Table 3～6 have provided test data and result of the test.
Table 3, embodiment carp growth results of property
Annotate: the different alphabetical persons of colleague's shoulder motes, significant difference (P＜0.05).
As shown in Table 3: the carp of using embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, its end weight, body weight gains, daily gain coefficient, grazing rate, feed coefficient and protein efficiency ratio, PER there are no significant difference.This shows: add 10～40% rubber seedcakes in the feed carp growth performance and feed efficiency are all had no adverse effects.Wherein, add 30～40% rubber seedcakes in the feed apparent in view to the raising of carp growth performance and feed efficiency.
Table 4, embodiment carp blood plasma and hepatic protein related-metabolism index result
As shown in Table 4: the carp of using embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, its blood plasma total protein and ammonia-nitrogen content and gamma glutamyltransferase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease and gpt activity there are no significant difference.This shows: add 10～40% rubber seedcakes in the feed carp protein metabolism is had no adverse effects.
Table 5, embodiment carp plasma antioxidant capacity index result
As shown in Table 5: the carp of using embodiment 1～5 feed to feed, each resistance to oxidation enzymatic activity and mda content there are no significant difference in its blood plasma.This shows: add 10～40% rubber seedcakes in the feed carp oxidation resistance is had no adverse effects, wherein, add 30～40% rubber seedcakes in the feed carp oxidation resistance is significantly improved.
In sum, add 10～40% rubber seedcakes in the feed carp each side physiological function is all had no adverse effects, add 30～40% rubber seedcakes in the feed to the successful that improves of carp each side physiological function.
Rubber tree is the important industrial crops in torrid areas, and except raw material of industry natural rubber was provided, its seed also can be used as the source of industry and edible oil, and remaining grouts can be used as protein feed raw material after the shelling oil expression.A large amount of rubber seeds of the annual output in China rubber plantation, but for a long time, be used for breeding and the preliminary working of seed oil except a small amount of are not utilized effectively more than 90% and rot in the ground.In recent years, along with the breakthrough of rubber seed industrialization process technology, favourable promotion the comprehensive development and utilization of rubber seed.
Table 6, embodiment 1-5 feed cost are analyzed
Annotate: feed price is according to price calculation, and wherein dregs of beans is 4200 yuan/tons, 3100 yuan/tons of Cottonseed Meals, 2800 yuan/tons of rapeseed dregs, 2200 yuan/tons of rubber seedcakes.
As shown in Table 6: when rubber seedcake additive capacity was 10～20% in the carp feed, 0.20～0.21 yuan of feed cost was saved in the weightening finish of per kilogram carp; When rubber seedcake additive capacity was 30～40% in the carp feed, 0.98～1.28 yuan of feed cost was saved in the weightening finish of per kilogram carp.This shows: as the reference foundation, rubber seedcake additive capacity is 30～40% the most suitable in the carp feed with culture benefit.
Consider in the carp feed rubber seedcake additive capacity to the impact of carp physiological function and culture benefit, when rubber seedcake additive capacity in the carp feed 30～40%, be best proportioning, neither can produce harmful effect to the carp growth performance, can realize again the culture benefit maximization simultaneously.
There are the ground such as Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian in China natural rubber producing region, mainly concentrates on Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong.2012, China's natural rubber cultivated area occupied the 4th in the world, and annual production occupies the 6th in the world.According to Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) statistics, the Natural Rubber Industry in China cultivated area was about 1,665 ten thousand mu in 2012, and wherein Yunnan is approximately 8,200,000 mu, approximately 7,700,000 mu in Hainan, approximately 680,000 mu in Guangdong, approximately 70,000 mu in other areas.2012, China opened 9,600,000 mu in rubber tapping garden, opened the rubber tapping garden by every mu and produced 50 kilograms of calculating of seed, can gather in the crops 480,000 tons of seeds every year, can produce 120,000 tons of rubber seedcakes after the shelling oil expression.
China is feed protein resource country in short supply, the annual protein raw materials breach that has more than 2,500 ten thousand tons.The exploitation in development of new forage protein source is one of critical path that solves the feed protein resource deficiency with using.
The present invention is in a rational scope, take full advantage of rubber seed processing byproduct-rubber seedcake, as the protein raw materials in the carp feed, part replaces plant protein source, has saved the protein sources in short supply such as dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs, and feed has no adverse effects to the every physiological function of carp, simultaneously, reduce formulation cost and feed coefficient, had higher cost performance, improved the carp culture benefit.
The content that the present invention describes by embodiment, without departing from the present invention, can also carry out various conversion and be equal to replacement patent of the present invention, therefore, patent of the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific implementation process, and should comprise the whole embodiments that fall in the Patent right requirement scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the application of rubber seedcake in compound feed for carps is characterized in that: the compound plant protein source that utilizes rubber seedcake partly to replace dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal and rapeseed dregs composition makes an addition in the compound feed for carps.
2. compound feed for carps that contains rubber seedcake, it is characterized in that: described mixed feed comprises fish meal, rubber seedcake, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs, inferior powder, fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, methionine, lysine, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 7～10%, rubber seedcake 10～40%, dregs of beans 13～25%, Cottonseed Meal 8～15%, rapeseed dregs 5～10%, inferior powder 18～32%, fish oil 0.5～1%, soya-bean oil 1～4%, soybean lecithin 0.5～1.0%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7～1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.02～0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, methionine 0.2～0.3%, lysine 0.4～0.5%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5～0.8%, vitamin premix 0.5～0.8%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
3. a kind of compound feed for carps that contains rubber seedcake according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described mixed feed comprises fish meal, rubber seedcake, dregs of beans, Cottonseed Meal, rapeseed dregs, inferior powder, fish oil, soya-bean oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin C phosphoric ester, Choline Chloride, methionine, lysine, ethoxyquinoline, mineral substance premix, vitamin premix, wherein the percentage by weight of various raw materials is: fish meal 7～10%, rubber seedcake 30～40%, dregs of beans 13～16%, Cottonseed Meal 8～10%, rapeseed dregs 5～7%, inferior powder 18～22%, fish oil 0.5～1%, soya-bean oil 1～2%, soybean lecithin 0.5～1.0%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.7～1.2%, vitamin C phosphoric ester 0.02～0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1～0.2%, methionine 0.2～0.3%, lysine 0.4～0.5%, ethoxyquinoline 0.01～0.03%, mineral substance premix 0.5～0.8%, vitamin premix 0.5～0.8%; The percentage by weight sum of all raw materials is 100%.
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| CN107149057A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-12 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of efficient fish mixed feed with anti-oxidation function |
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