CN103282732B - 通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置和方法 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN103282732B
CN103282732B CN201180033186.5A CN201180033186A CN103282732B CN 103282732 B CN103282732 B CN 103282732B CN 201180033186 A CN201180033186 A CN 201180033186A CN 103282732 B CN103282732 B CN 103282732B
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B·达维迪安
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

在用于传送来自通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置的增压气体的方法中，从低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富含氧的液体或气体流（19），从低压塔作为塔底液抽取富含氧的液态清洗流（21，121）并且将该富含氧的液态清洗流发送到存储罐（31），在塔系统的产量降低或者客户需求增加的情况下，从存储罐（31）抽取备用流并在备用再沸器（37）中蒸发并且仅在存储罐中的液面超出给定阈值的情况下，才从存储罐抽取构成至多2%的富氧流的额定产量的液流并将其发送到备用再沸器。

Description

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法。
背景技术
在这些装置中，从用于在低压下蒸发液态氧的外部蒸发器和/或从塔内蒸发器永久抽出清洗/吹扫流是必要的，以便于避免杂质的潜在的危险积聚。这些清洗流基本永久地例如从仅产生气态氧的低压塔的底部抽出，以便于避免杂质的积聚，所述气态氧直接从该塔抽出。
来自于冷箱的低温液体的清洗液一般发送到用来使它们蒸发的特定装置：
·砂砾坑，适合于具有非常小尺寸的发生器
·大气室，其收集随后将慢慢蒸发的液体
·蒸发器（使用加热和通风）。
在EP-A-0605262中，将清洗液体发送到存储设备中，并且将来自该存储设备的液体部分发送到热交换器中以与气态氧进行混合。还对该存储设备供应由卡车输送的液体；因此该系统是将液态氧与额外的外部液体一起注入的系统，因而能够使清洗流利用再加热的气态氧来蒸发。
在EP-A-1202012中，在塔系统的产量降低的情况下对存储设备供应源自于低压塔的底部的清洗流，将在备用蒸发器中蒸发的备用流从存储设备抽出。
发明内容
根据本发明，清洗流能够补偿存储设备中的蒸发损失，过剩的部分在备用蒸发系统中蒸发（没有冷箱中的制冷能力的回收）。
根据本发明，可选地通过泵（取决于其压力）将清洗流发送到液态氧存储设备中。
根据本发明的一个主题，提供了一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气以生产可选地在压力下的气态产品的方法，其中：
a）将冷却的、净化的压缩空气发送到包括中压塔和低压塔的塔系统中，
b）i）将具有额定流量的富氧气体流从所述低压塔抽出以形成气态产品，并且在所述低压塔的底部抽出富氧液态清洗流，该清洗流所含的氧和重杂质比具有额定流量的所述流多，并且构成富氧流的额定产品流量的不多于2%，或者
ii）将具有额定流量的富氧液体流从所述低压塔抽出，并且在主蒸发器中蒸发，以形成气态产品，从所述蒸发器抽出富氧液态清洗流，其构成富氧流的额定产品流量的不多于2%，
c）将富氧液态清洗流发送到存储设备中，
d）如果存储设备中的液体的液面超过与该存储设备的最大容量对应的阈值，则从存储设备抽出液体流，其构成富氧流的额定产品流量的不多于2%，并且将其发送到备用蒸发器，以补足气态产品的一部分，以及
e）如果存储设备中的液体的液面在所述阈值之下，则将液态清洗流发送到该存储设备，但是仅在塔系统的产量降低或者客户需要的气态产品增加的情况下才将液体从该存储设备发送到备用蒸发器。
根据其他可选的主题：
–在塔系统的停机和启动周期以外，将富氧液态清洗流从低压塔的底部或从蒸发器永久地或者偶尔地发送到存储设备中。
–在塔系统停机的情况下，清洗流不发送到存储设备。
–具有额定流量的所述流是从低压塔抽出的气体流，所述清洗流构成从塔系统抽出的唯一富氧流。
–在塔系统停机期间，通过来自于所述塔系统的至少一个塔的底部的液体填充所述存储设备。
–从低压塔抽出具有额定流量的富氧气体流，以形成气态产品，并且在低压塔的底部抽出富氧液态清洗流，该清洗流比具有额定流量的所述流含有的氧和重杂质多，并且构成富氧流的额定产品流量的不多于2%。
–从低压塔抽出具有额定流量的富氧液体流，并且在主蒸发器中蒸发以形成气态产品，从蒸发器抽出富氧液态清洗流，其构成富氧流的额定产品流量的不多于2%。
–如果超出存储设备中的所述阈值，则总是开始从存储设备到备用蒸发器的液体发送。
–如果没有达到存储设备中的所述阈值，则仅在客户的需求增加的情况下或者在塔系统的产量降低的情况下开始从存储设备到备用蒸发器的液体发送。
因此，备用蒸发器具有使存储设备中的过剩流蒸发的功能。
根据本发明的另一个主题，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置，包括塔系统，所述塔系统包括中压塔和低压塔、存储设备、备用蒸发器以及：
i）用于从所述低压塔抽出具有额定流量的富氧气体流以形成气态产品的机构，以及用于在所述低压塔的底部抽出富氧液态清洗流的机构，该清洗流比具有额定流量的所述流含有的氧和重杂质多，并且构成富氧流的额定产品流量的不多于2%，或者
ii）主蒸发器、用于从低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧液体流并且用于将其发送到主蒸发器的机构、用于抽取通过所述液体流的蒸发形成的气态产品的机构、用于从所述蒸发器抽取构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2%的富氧液态清洗流的机构，
以及用于将所述富氧液态清洗流发送到所述存储设备的机构、检测和控制机构，所述检测和控制机构用于检测所述存储设备中的液体液面，并且用于仅在所述液面超过对应于最大容量的阈值的情况下开始从所述存储设备抽出构成富氧流的额定产品流量的不多于2%的液体流，并将该流发送到备用蒸发器以构成气态产品的一部分，这些检测和控制机构能够检测所述存储设备中的液体的液面是否在所述阈值以下，并且在这种情况下开始将液态清洗流发送到所述存储设备并且除了在所述塔系统的产量降低或者客户需求的气态产品增加的情况下之外防止将液体从所述存储设备发送到所述备用蒸发器。
根据其他可选的主题：
–除备用蒸发器之外该装置不包括用于使清洗液体蒸发的机构。
–该装置包括用于从低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧气体流以形成气态产品的机构，以及用于在低压塔的底部抽取富氧液态清洗流的机构，所述清洗流含有的氧和重杂质比具有额定流量的所述流多，并且构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2%。
–该装置包括：
–主蒸发器、用于从低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧液体流并且用于将其发送到主蒸发器的机构、用于抽取通过所述液体流的蒸发形成的气态产品的机构、以及用于从所述蒸发器抽取构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2%的富氧液态清洗流的机构。
–用于对存储设备供应来自于外部源的液体的机构。
–用于将底部液体从低压塔发送到存储设备的机构。
–用于将底部液体从中压塔发送到存储设备的机构。
应注意，在适当的情况下，输送泵还可以与用于液态氧产品输送的输送泵是同一个。
液氧存储设备填充有具有“工业销售”级别的氧，其因此是“纯的”（99.5mol%）。为了在空气分离装置没有操作时向客户供应，在备用蒸发器中使来自该存储设备的液体蒸发。发送平均纯度小于来自于所述存储设备的液体的平均纯度的清洗液体将稍微降低包含在所述存储设备中的液体的纯度，但是纯度仍然在高于客户需求的平均级别上。
富氧流——气态或液态——含有至少75mol%的氧。
附图说明
将参照附图更详细地描述本发明，这些附图图示出了根据本发明的装置。
具体实施方式
在图1中，将压缩净化空气流1在热交换器3中冷却并且将其分成三部分。在中间位置处从热交换器抽出流7，将其释放到涡轮9中，并且以气态形式发送到双塔的低压塔13。另一流5在压缩机A中压缩之后在热交换器3中液化，并将其释放到阀11中并发送到中压塔13。第三流B直接发送到中压塔中。
将富含氮和氧的流以传统方式从中压塔发送到低压塔。在低压塔15的底部，液态氧积聚在再沸器17周围。将包含小于98%氧的液态氧流19从低压塔15的底部抽出并且由泵23增压到2bar；替代地，压缩可以是流体静力学的。将处于该压力下的一部分氧发送到蒸发器24，在所述蒸发器24中其通过与然后发送到所述塔的一部分原料空气（5或B）的热交换而蒸发。该蒸发流构成了正常操作中的塔系统的气体产品，并且具有额定流量。
将含有杂质的清洗流121从蒸发器24永久地抽出，除非塔系统没有工作。该流比流19的氧更纯。蒸发的氧作为低压氧流27在热交换器3中继续其再加热。
氧的其余部分在泵25中增压到10bar的压力，并且作为流29在热交换器3中蒸发。替代地，可以将所有的氧蒸发到较低的压力，并且流29将不存在。
第一管线将蒸发器24连接到存储设备31，用于永久地或偶尔地将清洗液体121输送到所述设备，除非塔系统不操作。存储设备31向备用蒸发器37供应液态氧35。可以偶尔发送清洗液体，这意味着根据循环定期从蒸发器抽出液体，以便获得允许正确分析的液体量。
当客户需求特别高时或者当空气分离装置没有满容量工作时（例如在故障的情况下），氧在备用蒸发器37中大量蒸发。
相反，在客户需求不是特别高并且空气分离装置正常工作期间，将构成气态氧19的额定流量的小于2%（优选地额定流量的1%左右）的富氧液体流发送到存储设备。仅在存储设备中的液面超出一阈值的情况下才将该液体流发送到备用蒸发器，该阈值通常是存储设备31的最大容量。因此，发送到备用蒸发器的该流是存储设备31的溢出流/多余流。将蒸发的氧发送到客户。
这允许液体121中的清洗流分子的回收，并从而允许装置的总产量的降低（1%到2%左右的最大能量增益）。
如果存储设备31中的液面低于所述阈值，更具体地当存储设备不满时，通过向其发送液体121来充填存储设备31。
存储设备中的大多数液体来源于油罐卡车61或者经由流21来自于装置本身，根据需要和在需要时可以将所述流21转移到存储设备。存储设备中的来源于卡车的液体具有99.5mol%的纯度。液体121可以比来自于油罐卡车61的液体更纯、和它们一样纯、或者不如来源于油罐卡车61的液体纯。
将该纯的液体121经由管线33发送到存储设备31没有影响存储设备中的液体的纯度的风险。
另一方面，在塔停机的情况下，可以考虑通过管线21和51将积聚在低压塔和/或中压塔的底部的液体发送到存储设备。这些液体显然具有比来自于卡车61的液体或液体121低的纯度。在某些情况下，客户短期可以忍受在备用蒸发器中蒸发的液体的纯度的降低。阀41容许对发送到存储设备31的这些积聚液体的流量的调节。
在图2中，将压缩净化空气流1在热交换器3中冷却并且将其分成两部分。在中间位置处从热交换器抽出流7，将其释放到涡轮9中，并且以气态形式发送到双塔的低压塔13。另一流5在热交换器3中冷却并且发送到中压塔13。
将富含氮和氧的流以传统方式从中压塔发送到低压塔。在低压塔15的底部，液态氧积聚在再沸器17周围。将包含98%氧的气态氧流19从低压塔15的底部抽出并且在经历可选的压缩之前作为低压氧流27在热交换器3中再加热。将含有杂质的清洗流21从塔15的底部永久地抽出以防止杂质在塔底部的积聚。该液体抽出物构成了来自塔系统的唯一富氧抽出物。第一管线将塔底部BP连接到存储设备31，用于永久地（或者连续地或者规律分批地）将清洗液体21运送到所述设备，除非塔系统不操作。存储设备31向备用蒸发器37供应液态氧35。
当客户需求特别高时或者当空气分离装置没有满容量工作时（例如在故障的情况下），氧在备用蒸发器37中大量蒸发。
相反，在客户需求不是特别高并且空气分离装置正常工作期间，将构成气态氧19的额定流量的小于2%（优选地额定流量的1%左右）的富氧液体流发送到存储设备。如果存储设备中的液面超出一阈值，则将该液体流发送到备用蒸发器，该阈值通常是存储设备31的最大容量。因此，发送到备用蒸发器的该流是存储设备31的溢出流。将蒸发的氧发送到客户。
这允许液体21中的清洗流分子的回收，并从而允许装置的总产量的降低（1%到2%左右的最大能量增益）。
如果存储设备31中的液面低于所述阈值，更具体地当存储设备不满时，通过向其发送液体21来填充存储设备31。因此，在正常操作中，如果没有达到最大液面，不将来自于存储设备的液体发送到备用蒸发器。然而，在塔系统的产量降低或者客户需求增加的情况下开始从存储设备发送到备用蒸发器是必要的。
清洗流21具有比流19更高的摩尔氧纯度。
存储设备中的大多数液体来源于油罐卡车61或者经由根据需要和在需要时提取的液体流而来自于装置本身，可以将所述液体流转移到存储设备。存储设备中的来源于卡车的液体具有99.5mol%的纯度。可能需要泵来将清洗液体21发送到存储设备。
例如，清洗流21可以比从油罐卡车61向存储设备供应的液体更纯、和它们一样纯、或者不如从油罐卡车61向存储设备供应的液体纯。
在蒸馏装置故障的情况下或者如果蒸馏装置的生产水平不足以向客户供应时，存储容器31中的液体可以在备用蒸发器37中蒸发并且被发送给客户。
在塔系统停机的可能情况下，同样可以考虑将停机期间在塔底部积聚的液体发送到存储设备31。在图2的情况下，系统包括低压塔和中压塔；然而，容易理解的是，本发明还适用于发送到存储设备的积聚的液体可以来自于氩塔、中压塔或混合塔的情形。在氩塔、中压塔或混合塔停机期间积聚液体的这种抽取还适用于图1中情形。
在塔停机期间将这些不纯的液体从塔底部发送到存储设备的情况下，有时需要根据存储设备中液体的液面调节液体向存储设备的发送。当发送到存储设备的液体仅是高纯度永久清洗液体时这种调节是不必要的。
基本需求是调节高纯度清洗液体（或者可选地，高纯度清洗液体和较低纯度的积聚液体的混合物）的发送使得发送到备用蒸发器的液体具有在客户可接受的阈值以上的纯度。

Claims (14)

1.一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，其中：
a)将经冷却、净化和压缩的空气发送到包括中压塔(13)和低压塔(15)的塔系统中，
b)i)从所述低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧气体流(19)以形成气态产品，并且在所述低压塔的底部抽取富氧液态清洗流(21)，所述清洗流所含的氧和重杂质比具有额定流量的所述流多，并且构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％，或者
ii)从所述低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧液体流(19)，并且在主蒸发器(24)中蒸发，以形成气态产品，并且从所述蒸发器抽取富氧液态清洗流(121)，其构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％，
c)将富氧液态清洗流(21，121)发送到存储设备(31)中，
d)如果所述存储设备中的液体的液面超过与所述存储设备的最大容量对应的阈值，则从所述存储设备抽取液体流，其构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％，并且将其发送到备用蒸发器，以补足气态产品的一部分，以及
e)如果所述存储设备中的液体的液面在所述阈值之下，则将液态清洗流发送到所述存储设备，但是仅在塔系统的产量降低或者客户对气态产品的需求增加的情况下才将液体从所述存储设备发送到所述备用蒸发器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在塔系统的停机和启动周期以外，将富氧液态清洗流从所述低压塔(15)的底部或从所述蒸发器(24)连续地或者规律分批地或者偶尔地发送到所述存储设备中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中在塔系统停机的情况下，不将清洗流发送到存储设备。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中具有额定流量的所述流是从低压塔(15)抽取的气体流，所述清洗流构成从所述塔系统抽取的唯一富氧流。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中在塔系统停机期间，通过来自于所述塔系统的至少一个塔(13，15)的底部的液体填充所述存储设备(31)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中从所述低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧气体流，以形成气态产品，并且在所述低压塔的底部抽取富氧液态清洗流(21)，所述清洗流含有的氧和重杂质比具有额定流量的所述流多，并且构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中从所述低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧液体流(19)，并且在主蒸发器(24)中蒸发以形成气态产品，并且从所述蒸发器抽取富氧液态清洗流(121)，其构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％。
8.一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置，包括塔系统，所述塔系统包括中压塔(13)和低压塔(15)、存储设备(31)、备用蒸发器(37)以及：
i)用于从所述低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧气体流(19)以形成气态产品的机构，以及用于在所述低压塔的底部抽取富氧液态清洗流(21)的机构，所述清洗流含有的氧和重杂质比具有额定流量的所述流多，并且构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％，或者
ii)主蒸发器(24)、用于从所述低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧液体流(19)并且用于将其发送到所述主蒸发器的机构、用于抽取通过所述液体流的蒸发形成的气态产品的机构、用于从所述蒸发器抽取构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％的富氧液态清洗流(121)的机构，
以及用于将所述富氧液态清洗流(21，121)发送到所述存储设备(31)的机构、检测和控制机构，所述检测和控制机构用于检测所述存储设备中的液体液面，并且用于仅在所述液面超过对应于所述存储设备的最大容量的阈值的情况下开始从所述存储设备抽取构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％的液体流，并将该流发送到所述备用蒸发器以构成气态产品的一部分，这些检测和控制机构能够检测所述存储设备中的液体的液面是否在所述阈值以下，并且在液面在所述阈值以下的情形中开始将液态清洗流发送到所述存储设备并且除了在所述塔系统的产量降低或者客户对气态产品的需求增加的情况下之外防止将液体从所述存储设备发送到所述备用蒸发器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，除所述备用蒸发器(37)之外不包括用于使清洗液体蒸发的机构。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，包括用于从所述低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧气体流(19)以形成气态产品的机构，以及用于在低压塔的底部抽取富氧液态清洗流(21)的机构，所述清洗流含有的氧和重杂质比具有额定流量的所述流多，并且构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％。
11.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，包括主蒸发器(24)、用于从所述低压塔抽取具有额定流量的富氧液体流(19)并且用于将其发送到所述主蒸发器的机构、用于抽取通过所述液体流的蒸发形成的气态产品的机构、以及用于从所述蒸发器抽取构成富氧流的额定生产流量的不多于2％的富氧液态清洗流(121)的机构。
12.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，包括用于对所述存储设备供应来自于外部源的液体的机构。
13.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，包括用于将来自所述低压塔的底部液体发送到所述存储设备的机构。
14.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，包括用于将来自所述中压塔的底部液体发送到所述存储设备的机构。
CN201180033186.5A 2010-07-05 2011-07-05 通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN103282732B (zh)

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CN103282733B (zh) 2015-11-25
CN103282732A (zh) 2013-09-04
US20130098106A1 (en) 2013-04-25
ES2820436T3 (es) 2021-04-21
WO2012004241A3 (fr) 2013-11-28
WO2012004242A3 (fr) 2013-11-28
WO2012004242A2 (fr) 2012-01-12
EP2591301B1 (fr) 2020-09-02
US20130133364A1 (en) 2013-05-30
EP2591301A2 (fr) 2013-05-15
EP2591300A2 (fr) 2013-05-15
CN103282733A (zh) 2013-09-04
US9581386B2 (en) 2017-02-28
WO2012004241A2 (fr) 2012-01-12

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