CN103282733A - 通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和方法 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN103282733A
CN103282733A CN201180033395XA CN201180033395A CN103282733A CN 103282733 A CN103282733 A CN 103282733A CN 201180033395X A CN201180033395X A CN 201180033395XA CN 201180033395 A CN201180033395 A CN 201180033395A CN 103282733 A CN103282733 A CN 103282733A
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B·达维迪安
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

在通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法中，从塔系统（13，15）提取具有小于98mol%的氧的第一氧纯度的富氧流，并将所述富氧流输送给消费者，将具有可能地小于98mol%的氧的第二氧纯度的富氧液流输送至存储容器（31），间歇地从所述存储容器提取液体并将所述液体输送至备用再沸器以生产备用产品，从所述塔系统的至少一个塔的底部和/或从所述辅助再沸器的底部提取具有低于所述第一氧纯度的第三氧纯度的液流（21，51），并且在所述塔系统的运行停止期间将所述液流作为清洗流输送至所述存储容器。

Description

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和方法。
背景技术
在关闭蒸馏设备以用于维修或除霜期间，需要排空积聚在冷箱中的低温液体，所述低温液体基本上位于塔底和浴蒸发器（vaporiseurs à bain）中。
这些液体不能被排放到大气中。
更具体地，在用于低温生产特别是用于氧-燃料燃烧的不纯氧（<98%）的设备的情况下，提出将存在于冷箱中的所有液体输送至供给备用蒸发器的LOX存储机构的方案。
该方案还避免了加入在关机期间管理液体的清洗的特定设备，诸如在EP-A-1746374中描述的设备（该设备昂贵并且占地面积很大，并且该设备由于很少受负荷而有时发生故障），并且该方案还可以保留氧分子。
冷箱中的低温液体的清洗流（排放流，purge）通常被输送至用于使它们蒸发的特定设备中：
·用于具有非常小的尺寸的发生器的砂砾池（fosse à cailloux）；
·收集随后将经受缓慢的蒸发的液体的大气室；
·蒸发器（加热和通风）。
在EP-A-0605262中，清洗液体被输送至存储机构，并且来自存储机构的液体部分被输送至热交换器以与气态氧混合。该存储机构也被供给由卡车运送的液体：因此该系统是借助于外部液体而喷射液态氧从而使得清洗流通过再热气态氧被蒸发的系统。
WO2010/017968描述了将辅助蒸发器清洗流输送至存储机构。
US-A-5566556描述了一种用于分离空气的方法，其中将来自低压塔底部的液体作为清洗流输送至存储机构。
发明内容
本发明的目的是从残余流的制冷潜能中获得益处并降低设备的投资成本。
根据本发明的一个主题，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏而分离空气的方法，其中：
i）在热交换器中冷却所有待分离的经压缩和净化的空气，
ii）将在热交换器中被冷却的空气输送至塔系统，
iii）从塔系统提取具有小于98mol%（摩尔百分比）的氧的第一氧纯度的富氧流，并可选地使所述富氧流在辅助蒸发器中而不是在所述热交换器中蒸发之后再输送给消费者，
iv）将来自于外部源和/或所述塔系统的具有可选地小于98mol%的氧的第二氧纯度的富氧液流输送至存储机构，
v）在关闭所述塔系统或者消费者对氧的需求增加时，偶尔地从所述存储机构提取液体并将该液体输送至备用蒸发器以生产备用产品，
vi）从所述塔系统的至少一个塔的底部和/或从辅助蒸发器（如果存在）提取具有第三氧纯度的液流，并且将其作为清洗流输送至所述存储机构，其特征在于，在关闭所述塔系统期间，以及可选地在重启所述塔期间，将所述液流输送至所述存储机构，所述第三氧纯度低于所述第一氧纯度。
根据本发明的其它可选方面：
-提取具有所述第一纯度的液态形式的流，并使所述流在所述热交换器中蒸发。
-只有在所述存储机构中的液位高于给定阈值时，才将具有所述第三纯度的液流输送至所述存储机构。
-从所述辅助蒸发器提取所述液流。
-只有在不向所述塔系统输送空气流时，才将具有所述第三纯度的液流输送至所述存储机构。
-所述塔系统包括由中压塔和低压塔组成的双塔，并且可选地包括氩塔或者由在中压和低压之间的中间压力下运行的中压塔供给的塔，并且具有所述第三纯度的液体至少来自于所述氩塔和/或在所述中间压力下运行的塔和/或所述低压塔和/或所述中压塔的底部。
-具有所述第三纯度的液体仅来自于所述系统的至少一个塔。
-具有所述第三纯度的液体至少来自于所述辅助蒸发器。
-具有所述第三纯度的液体仅来自于所述辅助蒸发器。
根据本发明的另一个主题，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备，所述设备包括塔系统，所述塔系统包括中压塔和低压塔并可选地包括中间压力塔或氩塔；用于将经压缩、净化和冷却的空气输送至所述塔系统的供给管线；用于从所述低压塔提取富氧流并将该富氧流输送给消费者的产品管线，可选地使该富氧流在辅助蒸发器中蒸发之后再输送给消费者；存储机构；连接至所述存储机构的备用蒸发器；用于向所述存储机构供给富氧液体的管线，其特征在于，所述设备包括填充管线，所述填充管线连接至所述存储机构和所述中压塔的底部和/或所述中间压力塔的底部和/或所述氩塔的底部。
根据本发明的其它可选主题，所述设备包括：
-用于调节来自于所述塔系统的塔底部的液体经由所述填充管线向所述存储机构的输送的装置，根据所述存储机构中的液位来控制这些装置。
-用于调节来自于所述塔系统的塔底部的液体经由所述填充管线向所述存储机构的输送的装置，根据所述供给管线中的空气流来控制这些装置。
-连接所述存储机构与所述中压塔的底部的填充管线。
-连接所述存储机构与所述氩塔的底部的填充管线。
可选地，在适当的情况下，所述设备不包括用于蒸发来自于所述中压塔和/或所述中间压力塔和/或所述氩塔的清洗流的专用蒸发器。
根据本发明，所述清洗流能够补偿存储机构中的蒸发损失，并且过量部分在备用蒸发器的系统中蒸发（不需要对冷箱中的制冷潜能进行回收）。
根据本发明，规定根据清洗流的压力，可选地借助于泵将所述清洗流输送至液氧存储机构。
富氧流包含至少75mol%的氧。
应当注意，在适当的情况下，所述输送泵也可以与用于输送液氧产品的泵相同。
所述液氧存储机构填充有具有“工业品经销”质量的氧，该氧因此是“纯的”（99.5mol%）。偶尔输送纯度明显低于平均纯度的液体将稍微污染存储机构，这将（使液氧存储机构中的氧）保持：
·处于比消费者需求高的平均水平。
·或者，暂时地处于比消费者需求低的平均水平，这通常能够被在燃烧过程中使用氧（例如，氧-燃料燃烧）的消费者接受。由于以下两个原因，该较低水平将是暂时的：
○使用备用蒸发器（这在关闭设备期间更常见，以便继续供给消费者），由此借助于罐车向存储机构再次填充“纯”氧，
○或者未使用备用蒸发器（消费者未在消费），液体在存储机构中的蒸发将促进（较轻的）氮的排出，由此将提高其氧浓度。
需要确保存储机构未被完全填满，从而允许适时加入一定量的来自于冷箱的清洗液体。所述清洗液体的量相对于存储机构的体积而言保持在相对低的水平。
具体实施方式
以下将参考示出根据本发明的设备的附图对本发明进行详细描述。
在图1中，经压缩和净化的空气流1在热交换器3中被冷却并被分成三股。从热交换器提取处于中间水平的流7，该流7在涡轮9中膨胀，并且以气态形式被输送到双塔中的低压塔13。另一股流5在已在压缩机A中被压缩之后在热交换器3中被液化，在阀11中膨胀并且被输送至中压塔13。第三股流B被直接输送至中压塔。
富含氮和氧的流以传统的方式从中压塔被输送至低压塔。在低压塔15的底部，液氧积聚在再沸器17周围。从低压塔15的底部提取包含小于98%的氧的氧流19，该氧流19被泵23加压至2bar；或者，该压缩可以是流体静力学的。处于该压力下的氧的一部分被输送至蒸发器24，在该蒸发器24中，这部分氧通过与一部分供给空气（5或者B）——随后被输送至塔——进行热交换而蒸发。从蒸发器24持续地或者间断地提取包含杂质的清洗流121。被蒸发的氧作为低压氧流27在热交换器3中继续其再热。
剩下的氧在泵25中被加压至10bar的压力，并且以流29在热交换器3中被蒸发。或者，所有氧可被蒸发至较低压力，则流29将不存在。
当系统关闭（主压缩机故障、设备的维修或除霜）时，从低压塔15的底部提取清洗流21。该液体的氮含量比在通常情况下从塔底部处提取的流的氮含量高，因为积聚在塔中的填料中的所有液体都落到塔的基部。
因此，该清洗流与在通常操作中提取的流相比氧较不纯。
来自于低压塔的底部的清洗流也可以与从中压塔经由管线51提取的清洗流混合，该从中压塔经由管线51提取的清洗流的氮含量甚至比从低压塔的底部处提取的流的氮含量还高。如果由元件LL测得的液位没有超过给定的阈值，则这些清洗流中的一个或另一个、或者两者的混合被输送至存储机构31。如果液位非常低，则阀41打开，清洗液体被输送至存储机构。
当重新开始蒸馏时，停止从中压塔和/或低压塔的底部输送液体。
也可以经由来自于蒸发器的清洗流121将积聚在蒸发器24中的液体输送至存储机构31，或者，使其仅与清洗流21混合、与清洗流51混合或者与清洗流21和清洗流51两者混合。该液体比正常操作下的流21的氧含量低。
存储机构中的大部分液体来自于罐车61或者经由流21而来自于设备自身，在必要的情况下，流21能够被转移到存储机构中。存储机构中的来自于卡车的液体的纯度为99.5mol%。
泵23可以可选地用于将清洗液体21输送至存储机构。
当空气分离设备未运行或者未生产足够的氧时，为了供给消费者，从存储机构31提取液氧流35并且将其输送至备用蒸发器37，该液氧流被蒸汽、热水、空气或者其它流体加热。

Claims (15)

1.一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，其中：
i）在热交换器（3）中冷却所有待分离的经压缩和净化的空气；
ii）将在所述热交换器中被冷却的空气输送至塔系统（13，15），
iii）从所述塔系统提取具有小于98mol%的氧的第一氧纯度的富氧流（19），并将该富氧流输送给消费者，可选地在使所述富氧流在辅助蒸发器（24）中而不是在所述热交换器中蒸发之后输送给消费者，
iv）将来自于外部源（61）和/或所述塔系统的具有可选地小于98mol%的氧的第二氧纯度的富氧液流（33）输送至存储机构（31），
v）在关闭所述塔系统和消费者对氧的需求增加所组成的组中的至少一者存在时，偶尔地从所述存储机构提取液体并将该液体输送至备用蒸发器（37），以生产备用产品，
vi）从所述塔系统的至少一个塔（13，15）的底部和/或如果存在辅助蒸发器从所述辅助蒸发器提取具有第三氧纯度的液流，并且将所述具有第三氧纯度的液流作为清洗流输送至所述存储机构，其特征在于，在关闭所述塔系统期间，以及可选地在重启所述塔期间，将所述液流输送至所述存储机构，所述第三氧纯度低于所述第一氧纯度。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，具有所述第一纯度的流以液态形式被提取，并在所述热交换器（3）中蒸发。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，只有在所述存储机构中的液位高于给定阈值时，才将具有所述第三纯度的液流输送至所述存储机构（31）。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述辅助蒸发器（24）提取所述液流。
5.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，只有在不向所述塔系统（13，15）输送空气流时，才将具有第三纯度的所述液流输送至所述存储机构（31）。
6.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述塔系统（13，15）包括由中压塔和低压塔组成的双塔，并且可选地包括氩塔或者由在所述中压和低压之间的中间压力下运行的中压塔供给的塔，具有所述第三纯度的液体至少来自于所述氩塔的底部和/或在所述中间压力下运行的塔的底部和/或所述低压塔的底部和/或所述中压塔的底部。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，具有所述第三纯度的液体仅来自于所述系统（13，15）的至少一个塔。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，具有所述第三纯度的液体至少来自于所述辅助蒸发器（24）。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，具有所述第三纯度的液体仅来自于所述辅助蒸发器（24）。
10.一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备，所述设备包括塔系统（13，15），所述塔系统包括中压塔（13）和低压塔（15）并可选地包括中间压力塔或氩塔；用于将经压缩、净化和冷却的空气输送至所述塔系统的供给管线；用于从所述低压塔提取富氧流（19）并将该富氧流输送给消费者的产品管线，可选地在使该富氧流在辅助蒸发器中蒸发之后输送给消费者；存储机构（31）；连接至所述存储机构的备用蒸发器（37）；用于向所述存储机构供给富氧液体的管线，其特征在于，所述设备包括填充管线（51），所述填充管线连接至所述存储机构和所述中压塔的底部和/或连接至所述中间压力塔的底部和/或连接至所述氩塔的底部。
11.如权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括用于调节来自于所述塔系统的塔底部的液体经由所述填充管线向所述存储机构的输送的装置，根据所述存储机构（31）中的液位来控制这些装置。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括用于调节来自于所述塔系统的塔底部的液体经由所述填充管线向所述存储机构的输送的装置，根据所述供给管线中的空气流来控制这些装置。
13.如权利要求10至12中的任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，在适当的情况下，所述设备不包括用于蒸发来自于所述中压塔（13）和/或来自于所述中间压力塔和/或来自于所述氩塔的清洗流的专用蒸发器。
14.如权利要求10至12中的任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括连接所述存储机构（31）与所述中压塔的底部的填充管线（51）。
15.如权利要求10至14中的任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括连接所述存储机构（31）与所述氩塔的底部的填充管线。
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