CN103271721A - Method and system for detecting parallel OCT based on spectrum coding and orthogonal light splitting - Google Patents
Method and system for detecting parallel OCT based on spectrum coding and orthogonal light splitting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and system for detecting parallel OCT based on spectrum coding and orthogonal light splitting. A series of optical frequency combs with frequencies which are not overlapped are formed in different horizontal detecting positions of a sample, and spectrum coding and horizontal lighting of the sample in the horizontal position are achieved. A detecting arm of a parallel OCT detecting system is formed by two levels of space orthogonal light splitting spectrographs, and the detecting arm is composed of a virtual image phase controlling array and a raster. A high-speed area array CCD is used as a detector to interfere with parallel detecting of spectral signals. Spectral information is finally transmitted to a computer, and fast reconstruction of horizontal position information and axial depth information of the sample is achieved in the computer. According to the method and system for detecting the parallel OCT based on the spectrum coding and the orthogonal light splitting, under the premise that the requirement for a high spectral resolution can be met, an all-fiber system replaces a space optical system, in addition, the problem of mutual crosstalk existing in previous parallel detecting can be avoided, and therefore parallel spectral domain OCT imaging with a high signal-to-noise ratio, a high horizontal resolution and a high axial resolution can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical field, relate to a kind of based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method and system the quadrature light splitting.
Background technology
(Optical Coherence Tomography OCT) can implement noncontact, not damaged, the high-resolution imaging in vivo of live body internal organizational structure and physiological function to optical coherent chromatographic imaging, has a wide range of applications in the biomedical imaging field.
The spectral components of interference signal is gathered by present spectral coverage OCT system by high speed linear array CCD (or linear array CMOS), need not the depth information that axial scan just can obtain sample, have quick and highly sensitive characteristics, but owing to need transversal scanning, thereby image taking speed still is restricted, and is not suitable for measuring the motion sample that need extremely lack imaging time.Therefore, spectral coverage OCT is necessary to adopt the method for parallel detecting, carries out the two dimensional image imaging under the situation that need not axial scan and transversal scanning.
External a lot of scientific research institution has all carried out the research of this respect, S. Witte group as Amsterdam, the Netherlands Free University has made up the centre wavelength based on 808nm, the parallel spectral coverage OCT system of the femto-second laser of bandwidth 60nm, the two dimensional image imaging time of 1392 * 1040 pixels is 0.2ms, and axial resolution is 5um; The Yoshiaki Yasuno group of Japan University of tsukuba has made up the centre wavelength based on 840nm, and the parallel spectral coverage OCT system of the femto-second laser of bandwidth 50nm simultaneously in conjunction with transversal scanning, has realized amphiblestroid three-dimensional imaging, and axial resolution is 7.4um.Above-described parallel spectral coverage OCT system is to use cylindrical lens to obtain the line illumination in sample arm to survey light.Owing to use coherent source, have higher coherence in the line illumination light between the luminous point of diverse location, thereby scattered light will be introduced coherent crosstalk, cause surveying signal to noise ratio and descend, system's lateral resolution descends then, has finally reduced image quality.In addition, traditional parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the detection light of diverse location only obtains separating at direction in space on the sample, therefore can't use fibre system, and can only use the free space system, and this has increased volume and the complexity of system greatly.
For eliminating the coherent crosstalk that coherent source brings, the Branislav Grajciar group of Austria Vienna medical college uses thermal light source to test, the result shows that the luminous power of light source is not enough to carry out the imaging of biological tissue, and the imaging depth of wide spectrum light source is very limited.
The Tatsutoshi Shioda group of Japan Changgong university has used the light splitting of virtual image phased array in reference arm, avoided coherent crosstalk, but does not carry out light splitting owing to survey light, has caused relevant decrease of contrast, and can't use fibre system equally.
The D.Yelin group of Harvard Medical School proposes optical spectrum encoded endoscope, realizes the parallel imaging technique of simple optical fiber, but because detection light spectral bandwidth behind grating beam splitting narrows down, has caused the decline of axial resolution.
Therefore, how under the situation that guarantees imaging resolution, to finish the big technological difficulties that axial and horizontal complete parallel measurement is parallel spectral coverage OCT system development.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of based on optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method and system the quadrature light splitting, sample arm part in the parallel spectral coverage OCT system of high-resolution, adopt virtual image phased array (Virtual Imaged Phased Array, VIPA) light splitting, feeler arm part in the parallel spectral coverage OCT system of high-resolution adopts the parallel spectrographic detection of realizing high spectral resolution based on the quadrature sub-ray spectrometer of virtual image phased array and grating.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of based on the optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method quadrature light splitting, in sample arm, detecting light beam is adopted the optical spectrum encoded method of spatial domain; In feeler arm, interfering beam is adopted spectrum decoding and the optical spectrum detecting method of spatial domain two-stage quadrature light splitting.Can realize the parallel high-resolution detection of spectral coverage OCT in conjunction with two kinds of methods.Its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: in the sample arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the employing Free Spectral Range is little, the spatial domain light-splitting device virtual image phased array that spectral resolution is high carries out the chromatic dispersion light splitting to detecting light beam, export a series of frequencies not overlapping uniformly-spaced optical frequency com mutually, the overall bandwidth of each optical frequency com is close to the bandwidth of light source, detecting light beam after the light splitting forms the line illumination at sample surfaces, the different lateral attitudes of the optical frequency com irradiation sample surfaces of different frequency, thereby in the optical signal that reflects, the optical frequency com of different frequency will carry the sample interior structural information of different lateral attitudes, thereby realize optical spectrum encoded to the horizontal information of sample;
Step 2: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, select for use with sample arm in consistent virtual image phased array as the spectrum decoding unit, the broadband interference light that this unit reflects sample spatially is divided into a series of optical frequency com outputs corresponding with surveying light, by the lateral attitude information that raw sample is gone back in the spectrum decoding of interference light;
Step 3: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, by a series of optical frequency coms that obtain after the decoding of spectrum decoding unit enforcement spectrum, spatial domain light-splitting device grating lower by spectral resolution, that Free Spectral Range is wideer is implemented the secondary light splitting at orthogonal direction again, the broadband optical frequency com that will have interference information is decomposed into interference spectrum, and the spectral resolution of grating is less than the Free Spectral Range of virtual image phased array;
Step 4: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the interference spectrum after the quadrature light splitting is by the parallel detecting of the spectrum imaging system enforcement interference spectrum signal is made up of condenser lens and high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS.
A kind of based on the optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection system quadrature light splitting, comprise wideband light source, optical circulator, broadband optical fiber coupler, first fiber collimating lenses, second fiber collimating lenses, the 3rd fiber collimating lenses, the first cylindrical focusing lens, the second cylindrical focusing lens, first condenser lens, second condenser lens, first virtual image phased array, second virtual image phased array, grating, sample, plane mirror, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS.
Low-coherent light from wideband light source comes out incides broadband optical fiber coupler through optical circulator, and one road light enters sample arm after light splitting; Described sample arm: the light after the broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting incides the cylinder of the first cylindrical focusing lens through first fiber collimating lenses, plane outgoing from the first cylindrical focusing lens, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of first virtual image phased array front surface, rear surface outgoing from first virtual image phased array, shine sample behind first condenser lens, the light that reflects from sample is back to broadband optical fiber coupler via former road.
Another road light after the broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting enters reference arm.Described reference arm: the light after the broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting shines plane mirror through second fiber collimating lenses, and the light that reflects from plane mirror is back to broadband optical fiber coupler via former road.
Broadband optical fiber coupler, interfere the back to form interference light from the two-way light that sample arm and reference arm return, enter feeler arm through optical circulator, by feeler arm interference light is decomposed into the interference spectrum signal.Described feeler arm: interference light is through the 3rd fiber collimating lenses, incide the cylinder of the second cylindrical focusing lens, plane outgoing from the second cylindrical focusing lens, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of second virtual image phased array front surface, rear surface outgoing from second virtual image phased array, carry out the first order light splitting on the spatial domain, reenter and be mapped to grating, carry out second level light splitting in the orthogonal intersection space direction, through the second condenser lens imaging, adopt high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS to carry out parallel detecting.Last these spectral signals change the signal of telecommunication into and import computer into, and implement Fourier transform scheduling algorithm processing reconstructed sample image in computer.
Compare with background technology, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1. by using virtual image phased array that detecting light beam is implemented the chromatic dispersion light splitting in sample arm, realization is optical spectrum encoded to the sample lateral attitude, again by use identical virtual image phased array to carry out corresponding spectrum decoding, the horizontal information of going back raw sample at feeler arm.Compare traditional parallel OCT system, the reflected light of different lateral attitudes is not overlapping mutually on spectrum on the sample, thereby the coherence is poor between the reflected light of diverse location, can eliminate the phenomenon of coherent crosstalk comparatively up hill and dale, thereby significantly improves the lateral resolution that parallel OCT surveys.On sample arm, traditional optical spectrum encoded spectral resolution that generally adopts is low, and the wide grating of Free Spectral Range carries out light splitting, and the spectral bandwidth that causes the line illumination to survey each luminous point of light narrows down, thereby causes the decline of axial resolution.The virtual image phased array that the present invention uses in sample arm, has the spectral resolution height, the characteristics that Free Spectral Range is narrow, thereby the spectrum of each luminous point of line illumination detection light is optical frequency com, and the overall bandwidth of these optical frequency coms is all close to the bandwidth of light source, thereby can avoid the decline of axially differentiating.2. owing to the lateral attitude information to sample in sample arm has been carried out optical spectrum encoded, the different lateral attitudes of the optical frequency com irradiation sample surfaces of different frequency, in the optical signal that reflects, the optical frequency com of different frequency carries the sample interior structural information of different lateral attitudes, thereby can replace the free space system with fibre system, the easier realization miniaturization of whole spectrum investigating system and integrated.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is system structure principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is 3-D view and the optical spectrum encoded principle schematic thereof of sample arm of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the 3-D view of feeler arm of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the virtual image phased array light splitting sketch map of feeler arm of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the grating beam splitting sketch map of feeler arm of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the principle schematic of spectrum decoding of the present invention and parallel detecting.
Among the figure: 1, wideband light source, 2, optical circulator, 3, broadband optical fiber coupler, 4, collimating lens, 5, cylindrical lens, 6, virtual image phased array, 7, condenser lens, 8, sample, 9, collimating lens, 10, plane mirror, 11, collimating lens, 12, cylindrical lens, 13, virtual image phased array, 14, grating, 15, condenser lens, 16, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS, 17, sample arm, 18, reference arm, 19, feeler arm.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and exemplifying embodiment:
A kind of based on the optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method quadrature light splitting, in sample arm, detecting light beam is adopted the optical spectrum encoded method of spatial domain; In feeler arm, interfering beam is adopted spectrum decoding and the optical spectrum detecting method of spatial domain two-stage quadrature light splitting.Can realize the parallel high-resolution detection of spectral coverage OCT in conjunction with two kinds of methods.Its concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: in the sample arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the employing Free Spectral Range is little, the spatial domain light-splitting device virtual image phased array that spectral resolution is high carries out the chromatic dispersion light splitting to detecting light beam, export a series of frequencies not overlapping uniformly-spaced optical frequency com mutually, the overall bandwidth of each optical frequency com is close to the bandwidth of light source, detecting light beam after the light splitting forms the line illumination at sample surfaces, the different lateral attitudes of the optical frequency com irradiation sample surfaces of different frequency, thereby in the optical signal that reflects, the optical frequency com of different frequency will carry the sample interior structural information of different lateral attitudes, thereby realize optical spectrum encoded to the horizontal information of sample;
Step 2: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, select for use with sample arm in consistent virtual image phased array as the spectrum decoding unit, the broadband interference light that this unit reflects sample spatially is divided into a series of optical frequency com outputs corresponding with surveying light, by the lateral attitude information that raw sample is gone back in the spectrum decoding of interference light;
Step 3: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, by a series of optical frequency coms that obtain after the decoding of spectrum decoding unit enforcement spectrum, spatial domain light-splitting device grating lower by spectral resolution, that Free Spectral Range is wideer is implemented the secondary light splitting at orthogonal direction again, the broadband optical frequency com that will have interference information is decomposed into interference spectrum, and the spectral resolution of grating is less than the Free Spectral Range of virtual image phased array;
Step 4: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the interference spectrum after the quadrature light splitting is implemented the parallel detecting of interference spectrum signal by the spectrum imaging system of being made up of condenser lens and high speed face array CCD.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of based on the optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection system quadrature light splitting, comprise wideband light source 1, optical circulator 2, broadband optical fiber coupler 3, first fiber collimating lenses 4, second fiber collimating lenses 9, the 3rd fiber collimating lenses 11, the first cylindrical focusing lens 5, the second cylindrical focusing lens 12, first condenser lens 7, second condenser lens 15, first virtual image phased array 6, second virtual image phased array 13, grating 14, sample 8, plane mirror 10, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16.
Low-coherent light from wideband light source 1 comes out incides broadband optical fiber coupler 3 through optical circulator 2, and one the tunnel enters sample arm 17 after light splitting; Described sample arm 17: the light after the broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting incides the cylinder of the first cylindrical focusing lens 5 through first fiber collimating lenses 4, plane outgoing from the first cylindrical focusing lens 5, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of first virtual image phased array, 6 front surfaces, rear surface outgoing from first virtual image phased array 6, shine sample 8 behind first condenser lens 7, the light that reflects from sample 8 is back to broadband optical fiber coupler 3 via former road.
Another road after broadband optical fiber coupler 3 light splitting enters reference arm 18.Described reference arm 18: the light after the broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting shines plane mirror 10 through second fiber collimating lenses 9, and the light that reflects from plane mirror 10 is back to broadband optical fiber coupler 3 via former road.
Broadband optical fiber coupler 3, interfere the back to form interference light from the two-way light that sample arm 17 and reference arm 18 return, enter feeler arm 19, by feeler arm 19 interference light is decomposed into the interference spectrum signal.Described feeler arm 19: interference light is through the 3rd fiber collimating lenses 11, incide the cylinder of the second cylindrical focusing lens 12, plane outgoing from the second cylindrical focusing lens 12, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of second virtual image phased array, 13 front surfaces, rear surface outgoing from second virtual image phased array 13, carry out the first order light splitting on the spatial domain, reenter and be mapped to grating 14, carry out second level light splitting in the orthogonal intersection space direction, through 15 imagings of second condenser lens, adopt high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16 to carry out parallel detecting.Last these spectral signals change the signal of telecommunication into and import computer into, and implement the image of Fourier transform scheduling algorithm processing reconstructed sample 8 in computer.
As shown in Figure 2, the detection light that enters sample arm 17 via first collimating lens 4 and the first cylindrical focusing lens 5 after, converge on the rear surface of first virtual image phased array 6 and form straight line.Except incidence window, it is 100% total reflection film that the front surface of first virtual image phased array 6 is coated with reflectance, thereby the light beam that reflects via the rear surface is with whole reflected backs rear surface, the rear surface then is coated with highly reflecting films, front and rear surfaces repeatedly reflected to form the virtual image that a series of directional lights that focused on by first cylindrical lens 5 converge the straight line that forms, i.e. virtual image array.Interfere with each other the effect that has produced the space light splitting between these virtual images, the light splitting light beam shines sample 8 after first condenser lens 7 focuses on, and forms the line illumination at sample 8 and surveys light.The spectrum of each exploring spot on the sample 8 is an optical frequency com, and these optical frequency coms are not overlapping mutually, thereby in the optical signal that reflects, the information of different probe units is recorded in the optical frequency com of different frequency, thereby the horizontal space information of sample 8 has realized optical spectrum encoded with form record and the transmission of spectrum.For example, the corresponding spectrum of the exploring spot A on the sample 8 be A1, A2, A3, A4 ..., the corresponding spectrum of exploring spot B be B1, B2, B3, B4 ...The spectrum of each exploring spot keeps the original bandwidth of wideband light source, so system can realize high axial resolution; Reflected light from different lateral attitudes on the sample 8 is not overlapping mutually on spectrum, and the coherence is poor, can eliminate the phenomenon of coherent crosstalk comparatively up hill and dale, thereby significantly improves the lateral resolution that parallel OCT surveys.
As shown in Figure 3, in feeler arm 19, interference light is through the 3rd collimating lens 11 and the second cylindrical focusing lens 12, incide second virtual image phased array 13, carry out first order light splitting in the y direction, reenter and be mapped to grating 14, carry out second level light splitting in the x direction, x direction and y direction are the orthogonal direction on the space.Spectrum after the light splitting of front and back stages light-splitting device through 15 imagings of second condenser lens, adopts high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16 to carry out parallel detecting.
Shown in Fig. 4,5, the spectrum after 13 light splitting of second virtual image phased array distributes at high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16 upper edge y direction, realizes the spectrum decoding; Spectrum after grating 14 light splitting distributes at high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16 upper edge x direction, has recorded the interference spectrum information of sample 8.Principle below in conjunction with the spectrum decoding of Fig. 6 and parallel detecting is described further.
As shown in Figure 6, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS16 detect the quadrature spectrophotometric spectra.Therefore spectral resolution height, the Free Spectral Range of second virtual image phased array 13 are narrow, and what distribute in high speed face array CCD 16 upper edge y directions is continuous spectrum; The spectral resolution of grating 14 is less than the Free Spectral Range of second virtual image phased array 13, and what therefore distribute along the x direction is pectination spectrum, and two adjacent row continuous spectrums are end to end.Because second virtual image phased array 13 has corresponding spectral resolution and Free Spectral Range with first virtual image phased array 6, therefore the spectrum after 6 light splitting of first virtual image phased array is corresponding in the spectrum after 13 light splitting of second virtual image phased array and the sample arm 17, thereby along row different on the y axle corresponding to probe units different on the sample 8, reduce the horizontal information of sample 8, realized the spectrum decoding; And the delegation's pectination spectrum that distributes at the x axle is corresponding to the interference spectrum of a probe unit on the sample 8, the axial information of having carried this probe unit.For example the spectrum that constitutes of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 is corresponding to probe unit A, and the spectrum that B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 constitute is corresponding to probe unit B.Imaging in the time of by high speed face array CCD or the multirow pectination of high-speed area array CMOS16 spectrum has realized parallel interference spectrum detection.
Claims (2)
1. based on the optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection method quadrature light splitting, it is characterized in that this method specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: in the sample arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the employing Free Spectral Range is little, the spatial domain light-splitting device virtual image phased array that spectral resolution is high carries out the chromatic dispersion light splitting to detecting light beam, export a series of frequencies not overlapping uniformly-spaced optical frequency com mutually, the overall bandwidth of each optical frequency com is close to the bandwidth of light source, detecting light beam after the light splitting forms the line illumination at sample surfaces, the different lateral attitudes of the optical frequency com irradiation sample surfaces of different frequency, thereby in the optical signal that reflects, the optical frequency com of different frequency will carry the sample interior structural information of different lateral attitudes, thereby realize optical spectrum encoded to the horizontal information of sample;
Step 2: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, select for use with sample arm in consistent virtual image phased array as the spectrum decoding unit, the broadband interference light that this unit reflects sample spatially is divided into a series of optical frequency com outputs corresponding with surveying light, by the lateral attitude information that raw sample is gone back in the spectrum decoding of interference light;
Step 3: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, by a series of optical frequency coms that obtain after the decoding of spectrum decoding unit enforcement spectrum, spatial domain light-splitting device grating lower by spectral resolution, that Free Spectral Range is wideer is implemented the secondary light splitting at orthogonal direction again, the broadband optical frequency com that will have interference information is decomposed into interference spectrum, and the spectral resolution of grating is less than the Free Spectral Range of virtual image phased array;
Step 4: in the feeler arm of parallel spectral coverage OCT system, the interference spectrum after the quadrature light splitting is by the parallel detecting of the spectrum imaging system enforcement interference spectrum signal is made up of condenser lens and high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS.
2. based on the optical spectrum encoded and parallel OCT detection system quadrature light splitting, comprise wideband light source, optical circulator, broadband optical fiber coupler, first fiber collimating lenses, second fiber collimating lenses, the 3rd fiber collimating lenses, the first cylindrical focusing lens, the second cylindrical focusing lens, first condenser lens, second condenser lens, first virtual image phased array, second virtual image phased array, grating, sample, plane mirror, high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS;
It is characterized in that: the low-coherent light that wideband light source comes out, incide broadband optical fiber coupler through optical circulator, one road light enters sample arm after light splitting; Described sample arm: the light after the broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting incides the cylinder of the first cylindrical focusing lens through first fiber collimating lenses, plane outgoing from the first cylindrical focusing lens, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of first virtual image phased array front surface, rear surface outgoing from first virtual image phased array, shine sample behind first condenser lens, the light that reflects from sample is back to broadband optical fiber coupler via former road;
Another road light after the broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting enters reference arm; Described reference arm: the light after the broadband optical fiber coupler light splitting shines plane mirror through second fiber collimating lenses, and the light that reflects from plane mirror is back to broadband optical fiber coupler via former road;
Broadband optical fiber coupler, interfere the back to form interference light from the two-way light that sample arm and reference arm return, enter feeler arm through optical circulator, by feeler arm interference light is decomposed into the interference spectrum signal; Described feeler arm: interference light is through the 3rd fiber collimating lenses, incide the cylinder of the second cylindrical focusing lens, plane outgoing from the second cylindrical focusing lens, the light of outgoing converges to the entrance window of second virtual image phased array front surface, rear surface outgoing from second virtual image phased array, carry out the first order light splitting on the spatial domain, reenter and be mapped to grating, carry out second level light splitting in the orthogonal intersection space direction, through the second condenser lens imaging, adopt high speed face array CCD or high-speed area array CMOS to carry out parallel detecting; Last these spectral signals change the signal of telecommunication into and import computer into, and implement Fourier transform scheduling algorithm processing reconstructed sample image in computer.
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