CN106691394B - High-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system and method based on optical path coding - Google Patents
High-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system and method based on optical path coding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system and method based on optical path coding. The method comprises the steps that firstly, an optical path encoder is utilized to encode light beams output by a light source into a plurality of light beams with different optical paths, and the light beams are focused at different depths of a sample by an optical system and are used for OCT imaging; and then extracting and splicing sample images obtained by irradiation of light within the focal depth range of each light beam in the OCT image, so as to obtain a sample image with high resolution within a large depth range. Because optical path coding can lose part of imaging range, an orthogonal dispersion spectrometer with ultrahigh spectral resolution is used for detecting on a detection arm, interference spectral signals obtained by the spectrometer are finally transmitted into a computer, and the fast reconstruction of a sample high-resolution long-focal-depth image is realized on the computer. The invention uses the super-long measuring range of the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer to distinguish the sample information obtained by focusing the light beams at different depths under different coding optical paths, and can greatly improve the focal depth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical coherence tomography and optical microscopy imaging, and particularly relates to a high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system and method based on optical path coding.
Background
Depth of focus (DOF) is an important parameter affecting the imaging quality of an optical system, and extending the depth of focus is one of important techniques for ensuring good imaging quality of an imaging optical system over a wide range. The relationship of depth of focus DOF to lateral resolution Δ x can be expressed as: DOF = π Δ x 2 /2λ 0 Wherein λ is 0 Is the center wavelength of the light source. The visible focal depth is reduced along with the improvement of the transverse resolution, and a focusing object with larger numerical aperture is adoptedMirrors, which can increase the lateral resolution of the system, but at the same time also reduce the depth of focus, resulting in a rapid decrease in lateral resolution in regions outside the depth of focus.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT for short) can realize non-contact, non-invasive, high-resolution imaging of tissue structure and physiological function inside a non-transparent high-scattering medium. The OCT image obtained under the beam-off-focus condition has a large attenuation in resolution and contrast compared to the OCT image obtained in the beam-depth range, and therefore, in order to obtain a good-quality OCT image, the light spot needs to be kept constant in a long range, but a long depth of focus also means that the resolution of the imaging is limited. In order to expand the focal depth of the OCT system, schmitt et al propose a method of fixing a reference mirror to a displacement stage of a sample arm imaging objective to achieve dynamic focusing, or a method of changing the shape of an MEMS deformable mirror to control the focus position in real time to achieve dynamic focusing, but the method has a complicated structure and limits the scanning speed. Ding proposes an axicon-based OCT system to realize large-depth-of-field high-lateral-resolution imaging, and the lateral resolution is maintained at about 10 mu m within a focal depth range of 6 mm. However, the axicon is low in energy utilization efficiency, the higher the focal depth expansion factor is, the lower the energy utilization efficiency is, and the axicon is not suitable for a biological sample sensitive to power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system and method based on optical path coding. The invention can realize high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging of the sample by parallel focusing illumination of different depth positions of the sample and using the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer with an ultra-long detection range on the detection arm to perform spectrum detection so as to distinguish images obtained by a plurality of light beams coded by an optical path.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system based on optical path coding comprises a broadband light source, a band-pass filter, a first reflector, a first broadband light beam splitter, a second broadband light beam splitter, a first focusing lens, an optical path coder, a third broadband light beam splitter, a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer, a second focusing lens, a second reflector, a third reflector, a fourth reflector, a one-dimensional precise translation stage, an orthogonal dispersion spectrometer and a computer;
the spatial light emitted by the broadband light source is reflected to the first broadband light beam splitter by the first reflector after passing through the band pass filter, the light reflected by the first broadband light beam splitter forms a sample light path, and the light transmitted by the first broadband light beam splitter forms a reference light path.
The sample light path: the transmitted light passing through the second broadband beam splitter is focused on the optical path encoder by the first focusing lens. The optical path encoder is a glass plate with two coated surfaces, the light beam incidence surface is a high reflection film, and the other surface is a total reflection film. And the returned optical path coded light is reflected by the second broadband light beam splitter, then is transmitted through the third broadband light beam splitter, passes through the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and the second focusing lens and then is irradiated on a sample to be measured. And the returned sample signal light is transmitted to the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer after being reflected by the second broadband light beam splitter.
The reference light path: the transmitted light passing through the first broadband light beam splitter is reflected by the second reflecting mirror, then is reflected by the third reflecting mirror and the fourth reflecting mirror in sequence, and then is transmitted to the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer after being transmitted by the third broadband light beam splitter. The third reflector and the fourth reflector are placed on a one-dimensional precision translation stage, and the optical path difference between the sample optical path and the reference optical path can be adjusted by moving the translation stage.
The sample light and the reference light enter the detection arm after interference, are converted into electric signals by the orthogonal dispersive spectrometer and are transmitted to a computer for processing.
The high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging method based on optical path coding comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in a sample light path of a high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system, an optical path encoder is used for modulating illumination light of a sample to be detected, and incident light forms a plurality of virtual image light sources with different optical paths after being reflected for multiple times on two sides of the optical path encoder. The virtual image light sources are focused on different depth positions of the sample after being imaged by the optical system.
Step two: in a detection arm of a high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system, an orthogonal dispersion spectrometer with ultrahigh spectral resolution is used for detection, the spectrometer has an ultralong measuring range and is used for distinguishing sample information under different coding optical paths so as to realize longitudinal parallel detection of interference spectral signals.
Step three: and carrying out Fourier transform on the detected interference spectrum of the sample to be detected, so as to obtain a sample image under the multi-beam illumination condition. And sample images obtained by different light beams are distributed at different depth positions, and the sample images obtained by light in the focal depth range of each light beam are selected and spliced to obtain the sample image under the illumination of the high-resolution long-focal-depth light beam.
Compared with the background art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention uses the super-long measuring range of the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer to distinguish the sample information obtained by focusing the light beams at different depths under different coding optical paths, and can greatly improve the focal depth.
2. When the method is used for imaging, a sample or a focusing lens does not need to be moved, the high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging of the sample can be realized only by single measurement, and the imaging speed is high.
3. Compared with methods such as axicon illumination and phase modulation, the method has the advantages that the beam quality is higher, and therefore the detection efficiency is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of optical path encoding according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sample multi-focal illumination of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of multi-beam sample images in the encoding space in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of sample image reconstruction in the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a broadband light source, 2 a band-pass filter, 3 a first reflector, 4 a first broadband light beam splitter, 5 a second broadband light beam splitter, 6 a first focusing lens, 7 an optical path encoder, 8 a second reflector, 9 a third reflector, 10 a fourth reflector, 11 a one-dimensional precise translation table, 12 a third broadband light beam splitter, 13 a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer, 14 a second focusing lens, 15 a sample to be detected, 16 a quadrature dispersion spectrometer, 17 and a computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the optical path coding-based high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system includes 1, a broadband light source, 2, a bandpass filter, 3, a first mirror, 4, a first broadband beam splitter, 5, a second broadband beam splitter, 6, a first focusing lens, 7, an optical path encoder, 8, a second mirror, 9, a third mirror, 10, a fourth mirror, 11, a one-dimensional precision translation stage, 12, a third broadband beam splitter, 13, a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer, 14, a second focusing lens, 15, a sample to be measured, 16, an orthogonal dispersion spectrometer, 17, and a computer.
After passing through the band-pass filter 2, the spatial light emitted by the broadband light source 1 is reflected to the broadband light beam splitter 4 by the reflector 3, the light reflected by the broadband light beam splitter 4 forms a sample light path, and the light transmitted by the broadband light beam splitter 4 forms a reference light path.
The sample light path: the transmitted light passing through the broadband beam splitter 5 is focused on an optical path encoder 7 by a focusing lens 6. As shown in fig. 2, the optical path encoder 7 is a glass plate with a double-sided coating, and the light beam incident surface is a highly reflective coating and the other surface is a fully reflective coating. The incident light is reflected by two sides of the optical path encoder 7 for multiple times to form a plurality of virtual image light sources with different optical paths and different positions, as shown in fig. 2, taking four virtual image light sources as an example: virtual image light source 1, virtual image light source 2, virtual image light source 3, virtual image light source 4 correspond four coding light beams that return respectively: the light beam 1, the light beam 2, the light beam 3, the light beam 4 and the coded light are reflected by the broadband light beam splitter 5, then transmitted through the broadband light beam splitter 12, and then irradiated onto a sample to be measured 15 after passing through a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 13 and a focusing lens 14. The virtual image light source 1, the virtual image light source 2, the virtual image light source 3, and the virtual image light source 4 are respectively imaged at different depth positions of the sample, and as shown in fig. 3, a focal point 1, a focal point 2, a focal point 3, and a focal point 4 are formed in the sample space. The returned sample signal light is reflected by the broadband beam splitter 12 and transmitted to the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer 16.
The reference light path: the transmission light passing through the broadband light beam splitter 4 is reflected by a reflecting mirror 8, then is reflected by a reflecting mirror 9 and a reflecting mirror 10 in sequence, is transmitted by a broadband light beam splitter 12 and then is transmitted to an orthogonal dispersion spectrometer 16. The reflector 9 and the reflector 10 are arranged on a one-dimensional precision translation stage 11, and the optical path difference between the sample optical path and the reference optical path can be adjusted by moving the translation stage.
The sample light and the reference light enter the detection arm after interfering, are converted into electric signals by the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer 16 and are transmitted to the computer 17 for processing.
The high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging method based on optical path coding comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in a sample light path of a high-resolution long-focus deep OCT imaging system, an optical path encoder is used for modulating illumination light of a sample to be detected, and incident light forms a plurality of virtual image light sources with different optical paths and different positions after being reflected for multiple times on two sides of the optical path encoder. After the virtual image light sources are imaged by the optical system, the virtual image light sources are focused at different depth positions in the sample space, as shown in fig. 3, the distance between the focal points is determined by the distance between the virtual image light sources and the optical system formed by the focusing lens 6 and the focusing lens 14, assuming that the thickness of the encoder is t, the refractive index is n, and the focal length of the focusing lens 6 is f 1 Focal length f of the focusing lens 14 2 Then the spacing between adjacent focal points can be expressed as:
Δz f ＝2tf 2 2 /nf 1 2 (1)
step two: in a detection arm of a high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system, an orthogonal dispersion spectrometer with ultrahigh spectral resolution is used for detection, the spectrometer has an ultralong measuring range and is used for distinguishing sample information under different coding optical paths so as to realize longitudinal parallel detection of interference spectral signals.
Step three: fourier transform is carried out on the detected interference spectrum of the sample to be detected, and a sample image under the multi-beam illumination condition can be obtained. As shown in fig. 4, in the coding space, four subgraphs obtained by four beams: sub-diagram 1, sub-diagram 2, sub-diagram 3 and sub-diagram 4 are encoded at different optical path positions. The spacing between adjacent subgraphs can be expressed as:
Δz s ＝nt (2)，
in the sample space, only the sample located in a certain beam depth of focus can be illuminated by the high-quality beam, and the imaging result is high-resolution. That is, each sub-image has a high-resolution imaging region, the sample in the region is irradiated by the light in the focal depth range of the corresponding light beam, as shown in fig. 4, four light beams have four regions in the focal depth, and the distance between the center positions of the high-resolution imaging regions of adjacent sub-images can be expressed as:
Δd＝Δz s -Δz f (3)，
the imaging results of the regions in the focal depth of the four sub-images are spliced together, as shown in fig. 5, so that the imaging result with a long depth range and high resolution can be reconstructed.
Claims (2)
1. A high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system based on optical path coding comprises a broadband light source, a band-pass filter, a first reflector, a first broadband light beam splitter, a second broadband light beam splitter, a first focusing lens, an optical path coder, a third broadband light beam splitter, a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer, a second focusing lens, a second reflector, a third reflector, a fourth reflector, a one-dimensional precise translation stage, an orthogonal dispersion spectrometer and a computer;
after passing through the band pass filter, spatial light emitted by the broadband light source is reflected to the first broadband light beam splitter by the first reflector, light reflected by the first broadband light beam splitter forms a sample light path, and light transmitted by the first broadband light beam splitter forms a reference light path;
the sample light path: the transmitted light passing through the second broadband beam splitter is focused on the optical path encoder by the first focusing lens; the optical path encoder is a glass plate with two coated surfaces, the light beam incidence surface is a high reflection film, and the other surface is a total reflection film; the returned optical path coded light is reflected by the second broadband light beam splitter, then is transmitted through the third broadband light beam splitter, passes through the two-dimensional scanning galvanometer and the second focusing lens and then is irradiated on a sample to be measured; the returned sample signal light is transmitted to the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer after being reflected by the second broadband light beam splitter;
the reference light path: the transmitted light passing through the first broadband light beam splitter is reflected by the second reflecting mirror, then is reflected by the third reflecting mirror and the fourth reflecting mirror in sequence, and then is transmitted to the orthogonal dispersion spectrometer after being transmitted by the third broadband light beam splitter; the third reflector and the fourth reflector are placed on a one-dimensional precision translation stage, and the optical path difference between the sample optical path and the reference optical path can be adjusted by moving the translation stage;
the sample light and the reference light are interfered and then enter the detection arm, and the sample light and the reference light are converted into electric signals by the orthogonal dispersive spectrometer and are transmitted to a computer for processing.
2. The optical path coding-based high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging method according to claim 1, specifically comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: in a sample light path of a high-resolution long-focus-depth OCT imaging system, an optical path encoder is used for modulating illumination light of a sample to be detected, and incident light is reflected for multiple times by two surfaces of the optical path encoder to form a plurality of virtual image light sources with different optical paths; the virtual image light sources are focused at different depth positions of the sample after being imaged by the optical system;
step two: in a detection arm of a high-resolution long-focal-depth OCT imaging system, an orthogonal dispersion spectrometer with ultrahigh spectral resolution is used for detection, the spectrometer has an ultralong measurement range and is used for distinguishing sample information under different coding optical paths so as to realize longitudinal parallel detection of interference spectral signals;
step three: fourier transform is carried out on the detected interference spectrum of the sample to be detected, and a sample image under the multi-beam illumination condition can be obtained; and sample images obtained by different light beams are distributed at different depth positions, and the sample images obtained by light in the focal depth range of each light beam are selected and spliced to obtain the sample image under the illumination of the high-resolution long-focal-depth light beam.
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| CN109341518B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-10-30 | 深圳市斯尔顿科技有限公司 | OCT detection device and micro-carving equipment |
| CN111122568B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2022-04-22 | 华中科技大学苏州脑空间信息研究院 | High-flux optical tomography method and imaging system |
| CN109297599B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2023-08-18 | 福州大学 | Phased-difference linear array spectral domain OCT device and method capable of eliminating OCT conjugate mirror image |
| CN113767274A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-12-07 | 西门子股份公司 | Gas analyzer |
| CN113317784A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-31 | 南京师范大学 | Micron-scale linear focusing scanning microspectrum optical coherence tomography system |
| CN114081444A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-25 | 北京理工大学 | OCT imaging system and method based on integral transformation principle |
| CN117297555B (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-02-09 | 北京理工大学 | Spectrum processing system based on parallel light calculation and application of spectrum processing system in OCT |
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