CN103260918B - 车辆用发光信号窗玻璃 - Google Patents
车辆用发光信号窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/08—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
- B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/08—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides
- B60J1/10—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides fixedly mounted
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
- B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
- B60Q1/2661—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions
- B60Q1/268—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions on windscreens or windows
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
- B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
- B60Q1/32—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating vehicle sides, e.g. clearance lights
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
- B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
- B60Q1/34—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating change of drive direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
- B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
- B60Q1/34—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating change of drive direction
- B60Q1/38—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating change of drive direction using immovably-mounted light sources, e.g. fixed flashing lamps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/10—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source
- F21S43/13—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S43/14—Light emitting diodes [LED]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/50—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by aesthetic components not otherwise provided for, e.g. decorative trim, partition walls or covers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0073—Light emitting diode [LED]
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于车辆的发光信号窗玻璃,包含- 由无机玻璃制成的第一透明片材(1),具有意在朝向车辆外部的第一主面(11)、意在朝向车辆内部的第二主面(12)和侧面(13),- 一个或多个光源(4),优选电致发光二极管,其每个具有与侧面(13)相面对的发光面(41),由此将由该光源发出的光导入在第一片材的第一与第二主面之间的该第一片材(1)中,- 在第一片材的第一主面(11)或第二主面(12)的至少一个区域中或在第一片材(1)的厚度中的光提取装置(5),其特征在于其进一步包含由墨水或由瓷漆形成的不透明层(6),所述不透明层与该窗玻璃的片材或片材之一的至少一个主面接触,所述不透明层相对于该提取装置(5)位于接近车辆内部并完全遮蔽该光提取装置(5)以使得该光提取装置从车辆内部不可见。
Description
本发明涉及用于车辆,优选用于汽车车辆的发光信号窗玻璃(vitrage designalization lumineuse),包括经窗玻璃侧面照射的系统,和阻止光向车辆内部发射的不透明化装置。
在汽车领域,采用与信号灯同步的并与其颜色相同的光源使某些信号灯,如尾灯、转向灯、刹车灯或倒车灯加强是已知的。如例如申请EP 1 234 752中所述那样,这些光源可以放置在车身上、在后视镜上(闪光指示重复器(répétieur de clignotant))或在座舱内部,通常在后窗附近。在该文献中描述的窗玻璃中,电致发光二极管(LED)放置在位于窗玻璃边缘的盒子中并在其内表面上。这些LED因此面向该窗玻璃的主面,并穿过留在框架的瓷漆中的窗口是可见的。
信号灯一部分的此类加强(doublement)涉及一个或多个要在生产线中管理的附加部件,因而增加了生产成本。此外,这些“添加的”附加信号灯从审美的角度来看并不总是完全令人满意。本发明基于这样的想法:将附加的信号功能直接集成到车辆的一个或多个窗玻璃中,例如集成到车辆的后窗或前或后固定侧窗中。
但是,这样将附加光源(任选地闪烁的)集成到汽车的窗户中存在严重的道路安全问题。这是因为绝不能向车辆前方发射红光,也不能发射任何白光,除了朝车辆后方的倒车灯。
此外,由转向灯(闪光指示器和闪光指示重复器)发出的光必须仅仅在所述转向灯所在位置的一侧可见。如果由所述玻璃朝向车辆内部发光,它存在因透明度而在汽车外部是可见的风险。例如,左闪光指示重复器的闪烁这时在某些情况下可以被另一车辆上的司机认为来自右侧,反之亦然。
还要理解的是,对司机来说自己车辆的转向灯的可见性在某些情况下可能非常令人分心,尤其是当夜间驾驶时或当这种光在窗玻璃或车辆内部的其它反射表面上被反射时。
为了被批准,此类发光的信号窗玻璃因此必须包含阻止光穿透到座舱内部的遮蔽元件,然而不过度或不合意地降低玻璃的明亮度。
本申请提供一种发光信号窗玻璃,其中通过相对简单和低成本的技术手段实现这些技术和安全目标,所述技术手段从审美的角度来看非常令人满意。
本申请的一个主题因此是一种用于车辆的发光信号窗玻璃,包含:
- 由无机玻璃制成的第一透明片材,具有意在朝向车辆外部的第一主面、意在朝向车辆内部的第二主面和侧面,
- 一个或多个光源,优选电致发光二极管(LED),每个具有与侧面相面对的发光面,由此将由该光源发出的光引导入在第一片材的第一与第二主面之间的该第一片材中,
- 在第一片材的第一主面或第二主面的至少一个区域中的或在第一片材的厚度中的光提取装置,和
- 由墨水或由瓷漆形成的不透明层,其与提取光的装置和/或与该窗玻璃的片材或片材之一的至少一个主面接触,所述不透明层相对于该提取装置位于接近车辆内部并完全遮蔽该光提取装置以使得光提取装置从车辆内部不可见。
本发明的窗玻璃可以是单片窗玻璃,优选由淬火玻璃制成,或包含至少两个以已知方式通过层压中间层彼此粘接在一起的单一片材的层压窗玻璃。重要的是要注意,在下文中描述本发明的窗玻璃时,术语“第一片材”始终表示这样的玻璃片材:其在它侧面位置被一个或多个光源照射,其位置相对于第二片材独立。换言之,第一片材(“被照射片材”)可以与车辆的外部或内部接触,并可以在其分别朝向车辆内部或外部进行取向的面上通过第二片材加衬(doublée)。
当然,当该窗玻璃是单片窗玻璃时,该“第一片材”是窗玻璃唯一的玻璃片材。
当本发明的发光信号窗玻璃是层压窗玻璃时,其除第一片材外还包含同样由无机玻璃制成的第二透明片材,其具有意在朝向车辆外部的第一主面和意在朝向车辆内部的第二主面,所述第二片材通过透明的层压中间层固定到第一片材上。这种层压中间层-与第一片材的第二主面和第二片材的第一主面或,-与第一片材的第一主面和第二片材的第二主面粘合接触。
在变型(a)中,通过其侧面被照射的片材(第一片材)是与外部大气接触的片材。这种变型具有对窗玻璃良好的发光效率的优点,因为朝向外部发射的光完全不会被中间层或第二片材吸收。但是其缺点在于,可能存在于第一片材的第一主面(窗玻璃外表面)上的划痕或污渍当它们被位于第一片材的侧面上的LED照射时将高度可见。
这是为什么对应于其中被照射的片材是与车辆座舱的大气接触的片材的实施方案的变型(b)通常相对于变型(a)是优选的原因,尽管发光效率方面具有潜在的降低。
对于第一片材而言,优选使用无色的钠钙无机玻璃,如申请人销售的Planilux®玻璃制成。第一片材当用作单片窗玻璃时通常具有2.5至6毫米的厚度,并且当用于层压窗玻璃时通常具有1.4至3.2毫米、优选1.4至2.1毫米的厚度。
当第二片材粘接到第一片材的外表面上时,其优选和第一片材一样是透明和无色的。在一种优选实施方案中,本发明的层压窗玻璃将由两个通过有色层压中间层连接在一起的无色Planilux®片材组成。
当其粘接到第一片材的内表面上时,相反,该第二片材可以由有色玻璃,例如同样由申请人销售的Venus®、TSA3+或TSA4+玻璃制成。尽管目前具有不同色调的两个片材的层压具有与玻璃制造工艺相关的各种缺陷,但当克服了这些问题时,这种实施方案将可变得特别有利。
该第二片材通常具有1.4至2.1毫米的厚度。
该中间层可以由通常用于此功能的任何聚合物材料组成。作为此类材料的实例可以提及下列材料:聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、塑化聚氨酯和任选地部分水解的乙烯与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(EVA)。它通常具有0.2至1.1毫米的厚度并可以是无色或有色的。
由光源发出的光经充当波导的第一片材的侧面进入。
为了从该波导“提取”光,已存在许多本领域技术人员公知且广泛用在玻璃领域中的提取装置。光提取装置可以例如是第一片材的粗糙化区域或施加到第一片材的主面之一上或施加到与第一片材接触的层压中间层的面上的散射涂层。该装置还可以是在第一片材厚度中蚀刻的区域或是并入到中间层中的散射元件,如粒子或玻璃纤维。
作为散射涂层,可以使用通常用于玻璃领域中的任何散射涂层。此类涂层通常包含尺寸为微米级的粒子和允许将这些粒子粘接到玻璃表面上的有机或无机粘合剂。该粒子可以由金属或金属氧化物制成。它们的平均尺寸通常为50纳米至1微米。合适的散射涂层例如描述在国际申请WO 01/90787中。
在本发明的实施方案中,不透明遮蔽层由瓷漆制成。本领域技术人员熟知不透明瓷漆(通常具有黑色)在汽车窗玻璃边缘位置的施用。
为了制造两个全等的层,一个具有明亮颜色(光提取装置),另一个具有较深的颜色,可能为黑色(不透明层),可以参考申请US2006/0150680。申请EP0636588描述了制造金属化瓷漆的方法,该金属化瓷漆因其反射性质可对本发明特别有利。
在本发明的窗玻璃的另一实施方案中,该不透明遮蔽层由墨水组成。由于这种墨水通常无需经受与瓷漆同样高的温度,使用墨水允许进行附加施用的可能性。实际上,该墨水可以通过印刷,例如通过丝网印刷、苯胺橡皮版印刷或喷墨施加在第一或第二片材的主面之一上,但是其也可施加在层压中间层的一个面上,该面在组装后与该玻璃片材的主面之一直接接触。
用于玻璃的印刷的黑色墨水是本领域技术人员熟知的。
可以设想用于光提取装置和不透明层的各种构造。对本发明至关重要的这两个元件可以彼此接触,或它们可以例如通过玻璃片材之一和/或通过层压中间层分离。在任何情况下,该不透明遮蔽层当然位于比提取装置更接近车辆内部,否则其将不能实现光的阻挡层或阻挡屏的作用。
在图2中显示的本发明的窗玻璃的实施方案中,光提取装置在第一片材的第二主面上,不透明层直接与光提取装置接触,并完全覆盖光提取装置。该不透明层可以具有与提取装置相同的尺寸和形状并完美地叠加在后者上,或者其可以大于后者并超过后者的边界。在一种优选的实施方案中,所述两个层(提取装置和不透明层)彼此重叠地沉积在第一片材的第二主面上。但是,也可设想将光提取装置沉积到第一片材的第二表面上,和将不透明墨水沉积到任选的层压中间层的至少一个面上,其随后与第一片材接触以使得这两种沉积物重叠。
在图1中显示的本发明的窗玻璃的第二实施方案中,光提取装置在第一片材的第一主面上,和不透明层在第一片材的第二主面上。在这种实施方案中,不透明层不直接与光提取装置接触,在这两层(第一片材厚度)之间的偏移导致由该不透明层遮蔽光的效率降低的风险。在这种实施方案中,因此特别有利的是,不透明层的大小大于提取装置并在后者所有周边超过后者。
图3中显示的本发明的窗玻璃的另一种实施方案仅涉及层压窗玻璃。在这种实施方案中,被照射的片材(等于第一片材)是与外部大气接触的片材,换言之,通过层压中间层将第二片材固定到第一片材上,所述层压中间层与第一片材的第二主面和第二片材的第一主面粘合接触,并且光提取装置在第一片材的至少一个主面上,并且不透明层在第二片材的至少一个主面上。如对于在图1中显示的实施方案,特别有利的是不透明层的面积大于提取装置的面积并在提取装置的整个外周超过后者。
最后,最终的有利的实施方案的特征在于:通过层压中间层将第二片材固定到第一片材上,所述层压中间层与第一片材的第一主面和第二片材的第二主面粘合接触,并且光提取装置在第一片材的第一主面上,不透明层在第一片材的第二主面上。
光提取装置可以取任意形状的单一连续区域的形式,或者它可以由几个分离的区域组成。对于不透明层当然也同样如此。当提取装置以几个分离区域形式存在时,不透明层可以是如图1所示的包括所有这些区域的单一区域。
如上文解释的那样,当不透明层不与提取装置直接接触时,其优选具有比后者更大的面积。一般来说,被不透明层覆盖的一个或多个区域的总面积比被光提取装置覆盖的一个或多个区域的总面积大至少5%、优选至少10%和特别是至少20%。
另一方面,当这两个层彼此接触时,它们可以是全等的(换言之具有相同的形状与尺寸)并一个叠加在另一个上面。
尽管原则上可以设想,在某些情况下,例如对于车门角窗或车身后侧板(分别在车辆前方和后方固定到车身上的侧窗玻璃),窗玻璃的整个表面被不透明层覆盖的,尤其对于后窗和某些侧窗,通常不可缺少的是,窗玻璃包含至少一个不被不透明层覆盖的透明区域,称为“窗清晰视界”。
该窗清晰视界通常占窗玻璃总表面积的至少20%、优选至少50%和特别是至少70%,包括被封装件或连接件覆盖的区域。换句话说,不透明层覆盖的区域通常占窗玻璃总表面积的最多80%、优选最多50%和特别是最多30%。
如前文所述,形成不透明层的瓷漆和墨水可以既是反射性又是不透明的。当它们不是反射性的并吸收大部分光时,出于发光效率的显而易见的原因,可以有利的是,在光提取装置与不透明层之间插入反射层,优选薄金属层。
在本申请中“不透明层”理解为是指其光密度等于至少2的层。不透明层的光密度优选为2.5至5,更优选2.8至4.5,特别是3至4。
当不透明层在其转向光提取装置的面上用反射层,例如用薄金属层加强时,对于这双层整体而言具有上述光学密度是足够的。
本发明的另一主题是车辆,优选汽车车辆,包含至少一个如上所述的发光信号窗玻璃。
信号窗玻璃将实现的功能这时取决于其在车辆中的位置以及取决于光提取装置发出的光的颜色。
当它被设计为用作为转向灯时,本发明的窗玻璃发出自体黄色光(lumière decouleur jaune auto)(参见1976年6月27日的Directive du Council n° 76/759/CEE,Appendix V)。当其为后指示灯时,其这时位于后窗位置(类别2),当其为闪光指示重复器时位于侧窗位置(类别5),或当其为前指示灯时位于挡风玻璃位置(类别1)。
类似地,当该窗玻璃用作为后刹车灯时其将发出红光,当其例如充当倒车灯时发出白光。在这两种情况下,该窗玻璃当然对应于后窗。
由该窗玻璃,更准确地说通过光提取装置发出的光的颜色尤其可以由以下因素决定:
- 光源的发射光谱,
- 第一片材(从光源处接收的光的波导)的吸收光谱,
- 与第一片材的第一表面粘合接触的有色层压中间层,或
- 形成光提取装置的材料的吸收/发射光谱。
作为优选实施方案的实例,可以提及以下:
与第一无色片材和白色提取材料结合的自体黄色的LED;
与第一无色片材和橙色或黄色提取材料结合的自体黄色的LED;
与第一无色片材和橙色或黄色提取材料结合的白色的LED。
也可以设想使用与荧光发光体类型的提取材料结合的发射UV辐射的LED。
当然,不论由本发明的发光信号窗玻璃实现的功能为怎样,该光源必须具有独立的或连接到车辆电气系统上的电能供给系统。该光源进一步应该进行构造以使得能够接收将它们打开/关闭的控制信号。
在本发明的车辆的一种优选实施方案中,该发光信号窗玻璃是转向灯,能够发出闪烁的自体黄光。其优选是位于车门角窗或前固定侧窗上的闪光指示重复器(类别5的转向灯;1976年6月27日的Directive du Council n° 76/759/CEE)。
为了确保令人满意的发光功率,包括在从相对于车辆基准轴5至55°范围内的角度的0.3至200 cd视野之间(参见Directive n° 76/759/CEE),光源的发光面优选与朝向车辆前方定位的第一片材的侧面相面对。
现在将参照附图描述本发明,其中:
图1是本发明的窗玻璃的第一实施方案的示意性横截面图,
图2是是本发明的窗玻璃的第二实施方案的示意性横截面图,
图3是第三实施方案的示意性横截面图,
图4a和4b是起闪光指示重复器作用的前固定侧窗玻璃的图解。
更具体地,图1以横截面视图形式展示了层压窗玻璃的边缘。经其第一主表面21与外部大气接触的第二片材2通过层压中间层3粘接到第一片材1,该第一片材1通过其侧面13被照射。该层压中间层与第二片材的第二主面22和与第一片材的第一主面11粘合接触。第一片材1的第二主面12与车辆的内部大气接触。电致发光二极管(LED)4位于第一片材1的侧面13附近,其发光面41与该侧面相面对。光提取装置5在这里由两个在第一片材1的第一主面11的表面中被蚀刻的区域5a、5b构成。不透明层6(施加到第一片材的第二主面12上的瓷漆)具有比两个蚀刻区域5a和5b更大得多的面积并覆盖了包括这两个单独区域的区域。
图2以横截面视图展示了本发明的单片窗玻璃的边缘。该窗玻璃包含唯一片材1,称为第一片材,具有与外部大气接触的第一主面11,与车辆内部接触的第二主面12,和侧面13。LED4的发光面41与侧面13相面对。光提取装置5与片材1的第二主面12直接接触。该提取装置5在其整个表面上被不透明层6覆盖。后者具有与光提取装置5完全相同的形状与尺寸,并叠加到后者上然而不超过它。
图3显示了其中光提取装置5和不透明层6在层压窗玻璃的两个不同片材上的实施方案。该提取装置5位于第一片材1的第二主面12上,其由LED 4照射。不透明层6与第二片材2的第一主面21接触并还与该层压中间层3接触。不透明层6可以由沉积在表面21上的瓷漆或不透明墨水形成,或者可以是印刷到层压中间层3上的墨水层。如对图1那样,光提取装置5与不透明层6在空间上分离证明了不透明层6的面积相对于提取装置5尺寸更大是正确的。
图4a和4b分别描述了在关闭和打开状态下的特定发光信号窗玻璃。这是汽车车辆的前固定侧窗形式的闪光指示重复器。该光源(未显示)与该窗的侧面相面对放置,并朝向车辆前方设置。光提取装置5是具有接近光源的细长形状的单个区域。面积比提取装置更大的不透明层6有效地阻止了由提取装置散射的光渗透进入车辆内部。
Claims (15)
1.车辆用发光信号窗玻璃,其包含:
- 由无机玻璃制成的第一透明片材(1),具有意在朝向车辆外部的第一主面(11)、意在朝向车辆内部的第二主面(12)和侧面(13),
- 一个或多个光源(4),其每个具有与侧面(13)相面对的发光面(41),由此将由该光源发出的光导入到在第一透明片材的第一与第二主面之间的第一透明片材(1)中,
- 在第一透明片材的第一主面(11)或第二主面(12)的至少一个区域中或在第一透明片材(1)的厚度中的光提取装置(5),
特征在于其进一步包含由墨水或由瓷漆形成的不透明层(6),所述不透明层相对于该提取装置(5)位于接近车辆内部并完全遮蔽该光提取装置(5)以使得该光提取装置从车辆内部不可见。
2.如权利要求1所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于其进一步包含由无机玻璃制成的第二透明片材(2),其具有意在朝向车辆外部的第一主面(21)和意在朝向车辆内部的第二主面(22),所述第二透明片材(2)通过透明的层压中间层(3)固定到第一透明片材(1)上,所述层压中间层(3):
-与第一透明片材的第二主面(12)和第二透明片材的第一主面(21),或
-与第一透明片材的第一主面(11)和第二透明片材的第二主面(22)粘合接触。
3.如权利要求1和2任一项所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于光提取装置(5)在第一透明片材(1)的第二主面(12)上,不透明层(6)与光提取装置(5)直接接触并完全覆盖光提取装置(5)。
4.如权利要求1和2任一项所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于光提取装置(5)在第一透明片材的第一主面(11)上,和不透明层(6)在第一透明片材的第二主面(12)上。
5.如权利要求2所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于该第二透明片材(2)通过层压中间层(3)固定到第一透明片材(1)上,所述层压中间层(3)与第一透明片材的第二主面(12)和第二透明片材的第一主面(21)粘合接触,并且光提取装置(5)在第一透明片材(1)的主面(11,12)中至少一个上,和不透明层(6)在第二透明片材(2)的主面(21,22)中至少一个上。
6.如权利要求2所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于该第二透明片材(2)通过层压中间层(3)固定到第一透明片材(1)上,所述层压中间层(3)与第一透明片材的第一主面(11)和第二透明片材的第二主面(22)粘合接触,并且光提取装置(5)在第一透明片材(1)的第一主面(11)上,和不透明层(6)在第一透明片材(2)的第二主面(12)上。
7.如权利要求1-2任一项所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于被不透明层(6)覆盖的一个或多个区域的总面积比被光提取装置(5)覆盖的一个或多个区域的总面积大至少5%。
8.如权利要求1-2任一项所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于光提取装置(5)和不透明层(6)是全等的并一个叠加在另一个上面。
9.如权利要求1-2任一项所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于不透明层(6)覆盖的区域占窗玻璃总表面积的最多80%。
10.如权利要求1-2任一项所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于其进一步包含位于光提取装置(5)和不透明层(6)之间的反射层。
11.如权利要求1-2任一项所要求保护的窗玻璃,其特征在于不透明层(6)具有2.5至5的光密度。
12.包含至少一个如权利要求1-11任一项所要求保护的发光信号窗玻璃的车辆。
13.如权利要求12所要求保护的车辆,其特征在于该发光信号窗玻璃是转向灯。
14.如权利要求13所要求保护的车辆,其特征在于该发光信号窗玻璃是闪光指示重复器。
15.如权利要求14所要求保护的车辆,其特征在于光源(4)的发光面(41)与设置朝向车辆前方的第一透明片材的侧面(13)相面对。
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- 2012-10-31 MX MX2014005435A patent/MX336460B/es unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20140095478A (ko) | 2014-08-01 |
EA024975B1 (ru) | 2016-11-30 |
HUE056346T2 (hu) | 2022-02-28 |
BR112014009290A2 (pt) | 2020-06-23 |
US9109773B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
CN103260918A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
BR112014009290A8 (pt) | 2017-06-20 |
EP2776261A1 (fr) | 2014-09-17 |
IN2014CN03422A (zh) | 2015-07-03 |
EA201490939A1 (ru) | 2014-08-29 |
KR102003578B1 (ko) | 2019-07-24 |
AR088666A1 (es) | 2014-06-25 |
JP5993020B2 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
ES2886524T3 (es) | 2021-12-20 |
PL2776261T3 (pl) | 2021-12-06 |
FR2982196B1 (fr) | 2015-07-17 |
WO2013068678A1 (fr) | 2013-05-16 |
MX2014005435A (es) | 2014-08-22 |
JP2015502880A (ja) | 2015-01-29 |
US20140240997A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
BR112014009290B1 (pt) | 2020-12-08 |
FR2982196A1 (fr) | 2013-05-10 |
EP2776261B1 (fr) | 2021-08-25 |
CA2851501A1 (fr) | 2013-05-16 |
MX336460B (es) | 2016-01-20 |
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