CN104619491A - 具有印刷层压插入物的光照窗玻璃 - Google Patents

具有印刷层压插入物的光照窗玻璃 Download PDF

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CN104619491A
CN104619491A CN201380045888.4A CN201380045888A CN104619491A CN 104619491 A CN104619491 A CN 104619491A CN 201380045888 A CN201380045888 A CN 201380045888A CN 104619491 A CN104619491 A CN 104619491A
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sheet material
interarea
edge
sheet
laminated
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CN104619491B (zh
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A.韦拉-德巴耶尔
M.贝拉尔
J-P.米莱
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
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    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
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    • B32B17/10256—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons created by printing techniques
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2661—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions
    • B60Q1/268—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions on windscreens or windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
    • B60Q3/208—Sun roofs; Windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/60—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects
    • B60Q3/62—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using light guides
    • B60Q3/64—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using light guides for a single lighting device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21V19/001—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders the light sources being semiconductors devices, e.g. LEDs
    • F21V19/003—Fastening of light source holders, e.g. of circuit boards or substrates holding light sources
    • F21V19/0045—Fastening of light source holders, e.g. of circuit boards or substrates holding light sources by tongue and groove connections, e.g. dovetail interlocking means fixed by sliding
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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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  • Arrangements Of Lighting Devices For Vehicle Interiors, Mounting And Supporting Thereof, Circuits Therefore (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种层压照明窗玻璃单元，优选照明汽车窗玻璃单元，包含：（a）第一片材（1），由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面（11）、第二主面（12）和边缘面（13）；（b）第二片材（2），由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面（21）、第二主面（22）和边缘面（23）；（c）与第一片材（1）的第二主面（12）和第二片材（2）的第一主面（21）粘合性接触的透明层压夹层（3）；（d）至少一个发光二极管（LED）的条带，包含印刷电路板（PCB）（41）和多个LED（42），定位以使得该LED的发光面（43）正对第一片材（1）的边缘面（13）；和（e）一个或多个散射元件，优选位于第一片材的主面之一上或位于第一片材的厚度中；其特征在于该层压夹层（3）在其至少一个主面上包含从该夹层边缘向窗玻璃单元中心延伸的不透明掩蔽层（6），以便覆盖其中来自LED的光在不存在所述不透明掩蔽层的情况下可以透过该第二片材（2）以明亮光环形式可见的区域。

Description

具有印刷层压插入物的光照窗玻璃
本发明涉及一种层压的窗玻璃单元，优选涉及一种汽车窗玻璃单元，所述窗玻璃单元经由其边缘面借助发光二极管照亮并包含相当简单的系统以便有效地掩蔽这些二极管产生的杂散（parasite）光。
经由其边缘面借助发光二极管（LED）照明的窗玻璃单元——特别是汽车窗玻璃单元——是已知的。在层压窗玻璃单元的情况下，这些LED将光注入两个玻璃板的至少一个中，其随后充当波导，引导光如同位于距离该窗玻璃单元边缘一定距离处的用于提取光的装置（散射元件）。
由LED的朗伯发射面发射的光强度通常非常高，并且光由此超过大约180°发射。出于美学原因，通常需要掩蔽该LED以便将其隐藏不被附近人看到。存在各种遮挡来自该ELD的直接光（下文中称为杂散光）的多种装置：
- 封装装置，其通常由不透明聚合物（填充炭黑的聚氨酯）形成，可以覆盖该窗玻璃单元的边缘，并且只要其足够厚，可以有效地遮挡杂散光；但是，这种装置无法用于所谓“嵌入式安装”的窗玻璃单元，这里该封装覆盖玻璃板的边缘面，但是不能延伸超过该边缘面；
- 可以将掩蔽釉料施加到光照玻璃板的边缘上，或施加到经由透明层压夹层粘接接合到光照玻璃板上的未光照玻璃板的边缘上（参见例如本申请人名下的WO 2011/092419）；但是，此类釉料的厚度限于几微米，这常常不足以有效地进行掩蔽；
- 最后，在其上安装LED的印刷电路板可以屏蔽光，但是其遮挡能力和/或其程度通常不足以充分掩蔽杂散光。
下文中更详细描述的图1显示了现有技术的层压嵌入式安装的窗玻璃单元，其中在内侧上通过封装元件遮挡杂散光，向外部通过非充分不透明的掩蔽釉料遮挡。结果，如图2中所示，从外部可以看到残留的光点。
本发明基于这样的理念：用位于层压夹层边缘上和层压后在紧邻该ELD条带的地方具有其中在不存在该层的情况下出现杂散光的明亮光环的区域的水平面上的薄的不透明印刷层掩蔽该杂散光。
更确切地说，本发明的主题是一种层压照明窗玻璃单元，包含：
（a）第一片材，由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面、第二主面和边缘面；
（b）第二片材，由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面、第二主面和边缘面；
（c）与第一片材的第二主面和第二片材的第一主面粘合性接触的透明层压夹层；
（d）至少一个发光二极管（LED）的条带，包含印刷电路板（PCB）和多个LED，定位以使得该LED的发光面正对第一片材的边缘面；和
（e）一个或多个散射元件，优选位于第一片材的主面之一上或位于第一片材的厚度中；
该层压夹层（c）在其至少一个主面上包含从该夹层边缘向窗玻璃单元中心延伸的不透明掩蔽层，以便覆盖其中来自LED的光在不存在所述不透明掩蔽层的情况下可以透过该第二片材以明亮光环形式可见的区域。
本发明的窗玻璃单元是一种层压窗玻璃单元，包含至少两个以已知方式通过层压夹层彼此粘接接合的单个片材。主要的是要注意到，在下文对窗玻璃单元的说明中，术语“第一片材”常常指的是经由其边缘面被一个或多个光源照亮的玻璃片材。该第一片材或光照片材优选与车辆或建筑的内部接触。第二玻璃片材因此优选与车辆或建筑的外部接触。
本发明的窗玻璃单元的两个片材各自具有边缘面和两个主面。意在朝向乘客舱或建筑物的内部取向的面将被称第一主面，朝向建筑物或车辆乘客舱的外部的面将被称为第二主面。
在本发明中，术语“不透明层”理解为是指具有至少等于2的光密度的层。
该不透明掩蔽层是使用任何合适的技术，优选丝网印刷法印刷的层。其优选是黑色或灰色的，但是也可以是彩色的；但是，令该层具有特定色彩并无益处，因为在该夹层并入该窗玻璃单元后原则上是不可能看到它的。
该不透明层采用一个或多个通常为矩形的形式，伸长的带沿着层压夹层的边缘延伸。对所述掩蔽带而言至关重要的是延伸直至夹层边缘并紧密遵循该边缘的形状。换言之，该夹层的边缘必须严格叠加在该掩蔽带的边缘之一上（参见图4），至少在其中要掩蔽该杂散光的区域中。
该掩蔽带的长度可以短于该夹层的边缘的长度。其尤其可以类似于放置在最终窗玻璃单元中的在其附近的LED条带的长度，并例如包括5至80厘米，优选10至50厘米，特别是15至40厘米。但是，该掩蔽带可能具有与该窗玻璃单元的边缘相同的长度。
该夹层可以包括一个或多个不透明的带，并且最终，该掩蔽带可以采用占据该夹层整个外周的连续框架的形式（参见图5）。
该带必须足够宽以阻挡所有杂散光，但是必须足够窄以便一旦安装该窗玻璃单元能够保持从车辆的内部或外部不可见。各掩蔽带的宽度通常为0.5至5厘米，优选0.8至4厘米，特别是1至3厘米。
该不透明掩蔽层可以是吸收光的层、反射光的层或吸收一部分光并反射一部分光的层。
反射光的层优选是金属层，例如银层。
丝网印刷组合物与印刷黑色、彩色或反射性不透明层的方法描述在例如本申请人名下的专利申请FR 2 928 929和FR 2 974 103中。
该层压夹层可以由广泛用于此目的的任何透明聚合物制成，例如其可以由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）制成。PVB是特别优选的。
该不透明掩蔽层可以施加到该夹层的两个面之一上，或甚至施加到两个面上。在一个优选实施方案中，将其施加到层压夹层与第二片材的第一主面粘接接触的主面上。在这种实施方案中，该夹层可以有利地在另一主面上（即在与第一片材的第二面接触的主面上）包含薄反射层，该反射层无需不透明，其范围与该不透明层的范围几无差别。由LED发射的杂散光的大部分由此被该反射层反射并由此“再注入”到该第一片材中。穿过该层的光被印刷在该夹层的另一面上的不透明掩蔽层吸收或反射。
第二玻璃片材优选大于第一玻璃片材，并至少在一个或多个LED条带所处的该窗玻璃单元的边缘上延伸超过后者。该一个或多个LED条带随后在第二片材延伸超过第一片材的区域中通过PCB固定到该第二片材的第一主面上，该PCB的一个边缘与该层压夹层的边缘面接触。
具体而言，该PCB由相对不透明的材料制成，并如同印刷在夹层边缘上的不透明层那样起到屏蔽杂散光的作用。PCB边缘与层压夹层边缘之间的接触由此确保了该不透明的连续性。如果该PCB未与该夹层接触，留在二者之间的缝隙将不合意地令来自LED的光穿过。
带有不透明层的层压夹层优选具有小于各玻璃片材的面积。由此在第一片材的第二主面的边缘与第二片材的第一主面的边缘之间产生槽形空间。出于上面段落中给出的原因，PCB随后插入到该空间中，承靠在第二玻璃片材的第一主面上，并经由其边缘之一接触该层压夹层的边缘面。
该散射元件例如由平均粒度为大约50纳米至1微米的粒子的薄层构成，这些粒子借助无机或有机粘合剂固定到该第一片材上。
该粒子可以是矿物粒子，例如基于金属氧化物、碳化物或氮化物。作为优选粒子的实例可以提及二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化钛和氧化铈的粒子。
此类散射层例如描述在国际专利申请WO 01/90787中。
在本发明的窗玻璃单元的一个优选实施方案中，该第二片材在其第一主面上，即在接触层压夹层的面上，包含从第二片材边缘向窗玻璃单元中心延伸的不透明釉料层，优选至少达到接触第二片材的第一主面的在层压夹层上的不透明掩蔽层的边界。由此，该釉料层“加倍”了印刷在夹层上的掩蔽层。
封装元件通常包覆成型到本发明的层压窗玻璃单元周边的至少一部分、优选全部上。该元件以已知方式优选通过单体的反应注塑成型（RIM）来成型，所述单体连接形成网状的热固性聚合物。最常用的聚合物类型是聚氨酯。
该封装元件至少与第二片材的边缘面和与第一片材的第一主面接触。延伸超过第一片材的第一主面的这部分封装元件具有抗杂散光的功能。其必须足够宽以防止从车辆内部直接看到该LED。
使用在其边缘上印刷有采取一个或多个带形式的不透明层的层压夹层由此能够解决杂散光问题，而不提高层压工艺的复杂性。就本申请人所知，在其边缘上印刷有一个或多个不透明带的此类层压夹层迄今为止尚无描述。本发明的另一主题因此是用于制造如上所述的层压窗玻璃单元的层压夹层，该夹层由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材组成，在该片材的至少一个主面上包含采取一个或多个带形式的不透明掩蔽层，所述带由该夹层的边缘向中心延伸，所述带的宽度为0.5至5厘米，覆盖该层压夹层的面的总计2至25%、优选4至15%且特别为5至10%。
在一个特定实施方案中，该不透明掩蔽层是单一连续框架型带，覆盖该夹层的至少一个主面的整个周边。
现在采用下图中显示的几个实施方案来阐述本发明，其中：
图1显示了现有技术的LED照明的层压窗玻璃单元的边缘的横截面；
图2是显示对图1中的窗玻璃单元观察到的残余光点（杂散光）的用视频光度计拍摄的照片的底片；
图3显示了本发明的窗玻璃单元的第一实施方案的边缘的横截面；
图4显示了本发明的层压夹层的第一实施方案的透视图；和
图5显示了本发明的层压夹层的第二实施方案的透视图。
图1中的层压窗玻璃单元包含具有第一主面11、第二主面12和边缘面13的第一玻璃片材1，由PCB 41承载的LED 42经由该边缘面将光注入该第一片材中。与第二片材的第一主面21和第一片材的第二主面12粘接接触的层压夹层3具有小于两个玻璃片材1和2的面积，由此限定了在这两个片材之间的槽形空间。LED42的发光表面31任选通过透明粘合剂15接合到第一片材的边缘面13上。该PCB 41直接粘接接合到第二片材的第一主表面上。封装元件4与第二片材的边缘面23、该PCB、该LED 42、该粘合剂15和第一片材的第一主表面11接触。
与第一片材的第一主面11接触的封装元件4阻挡易于向内部发射的任何杂散光。
施加到第二片材的第一主面21上的不透明釉料18相对于外部掩蔽PCB与片材2之间的接触区域。釉料18和PCB 41结合的阻挡能力足以阻挡由LED向外部发射直接光。但是，超出PCB 41，该釉料单独的阻挡能力不足以屏蔽该杂散光。
图2显示了从外部看到的图1中的窗玻璃单元的照片（用视频光度计拍摄）的底片。该图中的各暗点对应于穿过该釉料18的来自LED的杂散光的光点。
图3显示了本发明的窗玻璃单元的第一实施方案。与图1的比较表明，该窗玻璃单元不同于图1中窗玻璃单元的方式之一在于存在不透明层6。该不透明层6印刷到与第二片材2的第一主面21粘接接触的层压3的该面上。该层由该夹层3的边缘，或由其边缘面33延伸直至釉料层18的边缘，由此防止LED 42发射的光穿过该釉料层18并从外部被看到。此外，图3中的窗玻璃单元不同于图1中显示的现有技术之处在于该PCB 41接触夹层3和层6，由此确保了屏蔽杂散光的遮挡屏的连续性。
图4显示了本发明的层压夹层的一个实例。该夹层3在两个相对边缘上包含两个不透明的印刷带6，其长度为L，宽度为l。
在图5中，该不透明层6采取具有均匀宽度l的单个周边带形式，如框架那样为夹层6镶边。

Claims (8)

1.一种层压照明窗玻璃单元，包含：
- 第一片材（1），由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面（11）、第二主面（12）和边缘面（13）；
- 第二片材（2），由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面（21）、第二主面（22）和边缘面（23）；
- 与第一片材（1）的第二主面（12）和第二片材（2）的第一主面（21）粘合性接触的透明层压夹层（3）；
- 至少一个发光二极管（LED）的条带，包含印刷电路板（PCB）（41）和多个LED（42），定位以使得该LED的发光面（43）面对第一片材（1）的边缘面（13）；和
- 一个或多个散射元件，优选位于第一片材的主面之一上或位于第一片材的厚度中；
其特征在于该层压夹层（3）在其至少一个主面上包含从该夹层边缘向窗玻璃单元中心延伸的印刷的不透明掩蔽层（6），以便覆盖其中来自LED的光在不存在所述不透明掩蔽层的情况下可以透过该第二片材（2）以明亮光环形式可见的区域。
2.如权利要求1中所要求保护的层压窗玻璃单元，其特征在于该不透明掩蔽层（6）是吸收光的层、反射光的层或吸收和反射光的层。
3.如权利要求1或2中所要求保护的层压窗玻璃单元，其特征在于该不透明掩蔽层（6）是金属层，优选银层。
4.如前述权利要求任一项中所要求保护的层压窗玻璃单元，其特征在于第二片材（2）大于第一片材（2），并且其特征在于该LED条带在第二片材延伸超过第一片材（2）的区域中通过PCB（41）固定到该第二片材的第一主面（21）上，该PCB（41）的边缘优选与该层压夹层（3）的边缘面（33）接触。
5.如前述权利要求任一项中所要求保护的层压窗玻璃单元，其特征在于该第二片材（2）在其第一主面（21）上包含从第二片材边缘向窗玻璃单元中心延伸的不透明釉料层（7），优选至少达到接触第二片材的第一主面（21）的在层压夹层（3）上的不透明掩蔽层（6）的边界。
6.如前述权利要求任一项中所要求保护的层压窗玻璃单元，其特征在于其进一步包含至少与该第二片材（2）的边缘面（23）和与该第一片材（1）的第一主面（11）接触的封装元件（4）。
7.如前述权利要求任一项中所要求保护的层压窗玻璃单元，其特征在于该不透明掩蔽层（6）施加到与第二片材（1）的第一主面（21）粘接接触的层压夹层的该主面上。
8.如前述权利要求任一项中所要求保护的层压窗玻璃单元，其特征在于该层压夹层（3）具有小于各玻璃片材的面积，由此在第一片材（1）的第二主面（12）的边缘与第二片材（2）的第一主面（21）的边缘之间限定槽形空间，PCB（41）插入到该空间中，承靠在第二玻璃片材（1）的第一主面（21）上，该PCB（41）的边缘与该层压夹层（3）的边缘面（33）接触。
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KR102040065B1 (ko) 2019-11-27
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