CN103249414A - 作为生长激素促泌素受体的生长素释放肽拮抗剂的具有改善受体活性和生物利用度性质的新三唑衍生物 - Google Patents
作为生长激素促泌素受体的生长素释放肽拮抗剂的具有改善受体活性和生物利用度性质的新三唑衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了作为生长激素促分泌素受体的生长素释放肽类似物配体、具有改善的受体活性和生物利用度性质、式(I)的新三唑衍生物,其用于治疗或预防哺乳动物(优选的是人类)中的由GHS受体介导的生理和/或病理生理病况。本发明还提供了GHS受体拮抗剂和激动剂,可将其用于调节这些受体并用于治疗上述病况,具体的是酒精障碍;药物滥用;生长迟缓、恶病质;能量平衡的短期、中期和/或长期调节;食物摄取的短期、中期和/或长期调节(刺激和/或抑制);奖赏食物的摄取;脂肪生成;脂肪过多和/或肥胖症;体重增加和/或减少;糖尿病、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、肿瘤细胞增殖;炎症;炎性效应;胃术后肠梗阻;术后肠梗阻和/或胃切除术(生长素释放肽替代治疗)”。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及充当生长激素促泌素受体的生长素释放肽类似物配体的具有改善受体活性和生物利用度性质的新三唑衍生物。这些化合物适用于调整哺乳动物中的生长激素血浆水平以及治疗和/或调节多种生理和病理生理病况,例如生长迟缓、肥胖症、食物摄取、能量平衡和其它代谢障碍、肿瘤细胞增殖、创伤/烧伤/骨愈合、炎症,以及成瘾过程如食物奖赏、酒精相关的障碍和药物滥用。
现有技术:
生长素释放肽,一种28个氨基酸肽,其在Ser-3具有独特的辛酰修饰(Kojima M等人,Nature1999,402:656-660),经鉴定为生长激素促泌素受体1a型(GHS-R1a)、G-蛋白偶联的受体的内源性配体(HowardAD等人,Science1996,273:974-977)。生长素释放肽基本上在上肠道/胃产生,但少量也在肠、胰腺、肾、免疫系统、胎盘、睾丸、垂体、肺中以及在下丘脑中检测到(van der Lely AJ等人,Endocrine Rev.2004,25:426-457;Cowley M等人,Neuron2003,37:649-661)。
在人类中,生长素释放肽通过与GHRH受体无关和在GH分泌上与GHRH协同的途径来刺激生长激素(GH)(Arvat E等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2001,86:1169-1174)。此外,其也刺激ACTH、催乳素、皮质醇、醛固酮和肾上腺素分泌(Arvat E等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2001,86:1169-1174;Nagaya N等人,Am.J.Physiol.Regul.ntegr.Comp.Physiol.2001,280:R1483-1487;Takaya K等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2000,85:4908-4911)。
生长素释放肽被认为参与代谢调节和能量消耗,因此生长素释放肽的表达和从胃向全身循环的分泌期望受到代谢激素的影响。在肥胖的人中,血浆生长素释放肽水平减少,表明肥胖受试者升高的胰岛素或瘦素水平降低了生长素释放肽分泌(Tschop M等人,Diabetes2001,50:707-709)。
据信,在人类和动物中生长激素的释放治疗了由缺乏生长激素分泌表征的生理或病理生理病况,并治疗了通过生长激素的合成作用改善的那些病况。
最初,GH的临床应用仅限于治疗GH缺乏的儿童,但是重组人生长激素(rhGH)的商品化却使得显示GH其它潜在临床用途的很多研究得以进行(Strobl JS等人,Pharmacol.Rev.1994,46:1-34;Torosian MH,J.Pediatr.Endocrinol.1993,6:93-97)。rhGH已显示治疗烧伤、创伤、骨折患者的前景,且最近显示逆转糖皮质激素的分解代谢作用、化学治疗和AIDS以及改善身体组成的前景(Rudman D等人,N.Engl.J.Med.1990,323:1-6;Papadakis MA等人,Ann.Intern.Med.1996,124:708-716;Welle S等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1996,81:3239-3243)。
合成和储存在垂体中的GH在以下两种已知的下丘脑激素的控制下被释放:生长激素释放激素(GHRH)和抑制激素生长抑素(SRIF)。在大多数情况下,GH缺乏与下丘脑缺陷相关而不是与垂体缺乏GH相关。因此,作为rhGH的替代治疗,GH缺乏的患者也可以用从垂体释放内源性GH的任何化合物来治疗。这不仅可以用刺激GH释放的GHRH来实施,而且也可以用合成的生长激素促泌素(GHS)来实施。
很多合成的肽基和非肽基GHS,例如GHRPs1、2和6、海沙瑞林(Hexarelin)、MK-0677、EP-01572,都显示出特异性结合孤儿受体“GHS受体”–其中若干在生长素释放肽和生长素释放肽/GHS受体之前被发现了很久(参见“Camanni F等人,Front Neuroendocrinol.1998,19:47-72”;“Casanueva FF等人,Trends Endocrinol.Metab.1999,10:30-38”;“van der Lely AJ等人,Endocrine Rev.2004,25:426-457”的其它文献)。GHS也显示潜在的GH释放作用,并具有与上述对于生长素释放肽提及的相同的生物学活性。
也将GHS公开于下列专利或专利申请(非详尽的列表)中:US6,071,926、US6,329,342、US6,194,578、US2001/0041673、US6,251,902、US2001/0020012、US2002/0013320、US2002/0002137、WO95/14666、WO96/15148、WO01/96300。
尽管生长素释放肽/GHS导致GH分泌由生长素释放肽/GHS受体1a型(GHS-R1a)的活化介导,但至今仍有证据证明生长素释放肽和GHS的至少某些其它作用也由GHS受体家族的不同受体或甚至在给定GHS受体上的不同结合部位介导。
GHS受体集中于下丘脑-垂体区域,但是也显示分布于其它中枢和外周组织中(Hattori N等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2001,86:4284-4291;Gnanapavan S等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2002,87:2988-2991;Muccioli G等人,J.Endocrinol.2000,157:99-106;MuccioliG等人,Ann.Endocrinol.2000,61:27-31;Muccioli G等人,Eur.J.Pharmacol.2002,440:235-254;Papotti M等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2000,85:3803-3807;Cassoni P等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2001,86:1738-1745;Guan XM等人,Brain Res.Mol.Brain Res.1997,48:23-29;Bluet-Pajot MT等人,Endocrine2001,14:1-8;Korbonits M等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.1998,83:3624-3630)。
两种GHS1型受体已被鉴定,GHS-R1a和GHS-R1b,其在人类中大概由单基因表达和可变剪接(van der Lely AJ等人,Endocrine Rev.2004,25:426-457;Howard AD等人,Science1996,273:974-977;SmithRG等人,Endocr.Rev.1997,18:621-645;Smith RG等人,Endocrine2001,14:9-14;McKee KK等人,Mol.Endocrinol.1997,11:415-423;Petersenn S,Minerva Endocrinol.2002;27:243-256)。在哺乳动物种类中,已经报道GHS-R1a的高度序列一致性(Petersenn S,MinervaEndocrinol.2002;27:243-256:在91.8%和95.6%之间)。
促胃动素受体被发现为GHS受体家族的成员,具有52%一致性(Smith RG等人,Endocrine2001,14:9-14;McKee KK等人,Genomics1997,46:426-434)。胃肠道促胃动素受体1a和GHS-R1a显示高的相似度(Smith RG等人,Endocrine2001,14:9-14;Feighner SD等人,Science1999,284:2184-2188)。
其它GHS受体家族成员显示是神经降压素受体、TRH受体、GPR38(FM1)、GPR39(FM2)和FM3(Smith RG等人,Endocr.Rev.1997,18:621-645;Smith RG等人,Horm.Res.1999,51(Suppl.3):1-8;TanCP等人,Genomics1998,52:223-229;Howard AD等人,Science1996,273:974-977)。其它GHS受体亚型显示存在于广泛的中枢和外周组织中(van der Lely AJ等人,Endocrine Rev.2004,25:426-457)。例如,已经报道心脏GHS-R(Bodart V等人,Circ.Res.1999,85:796-802)具有类似于CD36(一种称为糖蛋白IV的多功能性受体)的预测序列(BodartV等人,Circ.Res.2002,90:844-849)。Cassoni等人(J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2001,86:1738-1745)报道GHS-R亚型存在于肿瘤乳腺细胞中,其由结合不同于经典的GHS-R1型的特异性结合部位的配体活化。此外,由这些作者收集的数据支持以下假设:GHS-R在外周组织中甚至存在不同结合部位亚型,这可能归因于其内分泌或非内分泌,而且也可能是其正常或肿瘤性质。
GHS结合部位的普遍性说明与其强生长激素促泌素性质无关,生长素释放肽以及合成的GHS涉及若干重要的生理和病理生理病况。
因此,潜在的临床应用包括如下应用
a)能量平衡和/或食物摄取的短期、中期和长期调节(Tschoep M等人,Nature2000,407:908-913;Asakawa A等人,Gut2003,52:947-952;US2001/0020012;Kojima M等人,Curr.Opin.Pharmacol.2002,2:665-668;Horvath TL等人,Curr.Pharm.Des.2003,9:1383-1395;Wren AM等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2001,86:5992-5995)。
已显示GHS-R1a在下丘脑室旁核神经元上表达。这些神经元发送传出神经到关键的下丘脑回路上用于控制食物摄取,如产生递质NPY的弓状核。由生长素释放肽和/或GHS刺激的食物摄取被认为由弓状核中NPY的增加介导(Willesen MG等人,Neuroendocrin.1999,70:306-316)。在瘦大鼠中单一施用(侧脑室注射或腹腔注射)抗生长素释放肽IgG抑制急性进食(Bagnasco M等人,Regul.Pept.2003,111:161-167)。长期每日两次侧脑室注射施用抗生长素释放肽IgG在5天期间内降低体重(Murakami N等人,J.Endocrinol.2002,174:283-288)。
最近的研究使用肽GHS-R1a拮抗剂、[D-Lys-3]-GHRP-6,显示在饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠中降低食物摄取和体重增加(Asakawa A等人,Gut,2003,52:947-952)。事实上,最初表征为生长激素促泌素的肽基化合物,能够在大鼠中选择性刺激食物摄取而不会引起生长激素分泌,表明在下丘脑中存在不同于GHS-R1a的GHS-R亚型(Torsello A等人,Neuroendocrin.2000,72:327-332;Torsello A等人,Eur.J.Pharmacol.1998,360:123-129)。
b)治疗脂肪生成、脂肪过多和/或肥胖症和降低体重(Tschop M等人,Nature2000,407:908-913;Asakawa A等人,Gut2003,52:947-952)。
在自由进食的小鼠和大鼠中长期施用生长素释放肽和/或GHS导致增加体重并降低脂肪利用(Tschop M等人,Nature2000,407:908-913)。此外,已有报道生长素释放肽和去辛酰生长素释放肽促进体内脂肪生成(Thompson NM等人,Endocrinol.2004,145:234-242)并通过非GHS-R1a型在大鼠脂肪细胞中抑制异丙肾上腺素诱导的脂肪分解(Muccioli G等人,Eur.J.Pharmacol.2004,498:27-35)。另一方面,也有一篇报道描述GHS-R1a在大鼠脂肪细胞中的表达随年龄增加和在脂肪生成期间增加(Choi K等人,Endocrinol.2003,144,754-759)。
c)治疗肿瘤细胞增殖
如同调节生长激素分泌的下丘脑-垂体轴的其它成员的情况,证据表明生长素释放肽和GHS受体在某些癌症中可以发挥重要的自分泌/旁分泌作用(Jeffery PL等人,Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.2003,14:113-122)。生长素释放肽、肽基-和非肽基GHS的特异性结合部位存在于肿瘤组织中,如前列腺癌细胞系PC3(Jeffery PL等人,J.Endocrinology2002,172:R7-R11)、甲状腺组织(Cassoni P等人,J.Endocrinol.2000,165:139-146)、肺癌细胞CALU-1(Ghè C等人,Endocrinol.2002,143:484-491)和乳腺癌(Cassoni P等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2001,86:1738-1745)。
就乳而言,在肿瘤组织中发现了GHS的特异性结合部位,而正常的乳房实质组织并未显露这类受体。已报道合成的GHS抑制肺癌细胞CALU-1(Ghè C等人,Endocrinol.2002,143:484-491)和乳腺癌细胞系(Cassoni P等人,J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.2001,86:1738-1745)的增殖。
生长素释放肽和非乙酰化生长素释放肽都与肿瘤组织结合。因为非乙酰化生长素释放肽无法结合GHS-R1a,所以GHS与肿瘤组织的结合部位很可能不同于GHS-R1a。从这些数据,任何人可以预料在肿瘤组织中的结合部位可识别GHS-R1a的配体和另外其它尚未表征的化学结构。GHS-R1a的合成配体可能因此有可能抑制表达GHS受体亚型的肿瘤细胞的增殖。
d)治疗炎症/抗炎作用
在具有代谢亢进和恶病质的临床表现的慢性关节炎中,证实生长素释放肽激动剂生长激素释放肽-2(GHRP-2)有抗炎作用(Granado M等人,Am.J.Physiol.Endocrinol.Metab.2005,288:E486-492)。这些数据表明:GHRP-2的抗炎作用由免疫能力细胞表达的生长素释放肽受体的活化介导。
e)治疗恶病质
在恶病质的动物模型(Roubenoff R等人,Arthritis Rheum.1997,40(3):534-539)中,可证实施用重组生长激素的抗恶病质作用(Ibanez deCaceres I等人,J.Endocrin.2000,165(3):537-544)。该发现也符合患风湿性关节炎的患者的数据(Roubenoff R等人,J Clin Invest.1994,93(6):2379-2386)。
f)治疗胃切除术(生长素释放肽替代治疗)
将胃激素生长素释放肽给予接受胃切除术或假手术的小鼠(Dornonville de la Cour C等人,Gut2005,54(7):907-913)。所示的结果显示生长素释放肽替代治疗至少部分逆转胃切除术导致的体重和体脂肪中的降低。
g)治疗(胃)术后肠梗阻
评价生长素释放肽在大鼠中对胃肠道运动功能的作用。显示生长素释放肽逆转延迟的胃排空,且是一种强的促运动剂,其适用于治疗/逆转胃术后肠梗阻(Trudel L等人,Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2002,282(6):G948-G952)。
h)治疗糖尿病(I型和II型糖尿病)
对在瘦素缺乏的小鼠中除去生长素释放肽的效果进行研究(Sun等人,Cell Metabolism2006,3:379-386)。结果显示:除去生长素释放肽增加了响应葡萄糖激发的胰岛素分泌,表明抑制生长素释放肽或抵抗其活性可能是用于治疗糖尿病(包括其I和II亚型)的可能方法(也参见WO03/051389)。
i)治疗成瘾过程如食物奖赏、酒精障碍和药物滥用
中脑边缘的多巴胺投射,源自腹侧被盖区(VTA)中的神经元细胞群体并终止于腹侧纹状体和前额皮质中,与动机行为的预想、欲望或接近阶段(approach phases)有关,且对预想食物奖赏和食物寻求行为是重要的(Bassareo和Chiara1999,Neuroscience89,637-641;Richardson和Gratton1998,J Neurosci18,9130-9138)。这些多巴胺投射的活化也由摄取奖赏的食物以及由包括天然的(例如性别)和人造的(如酒精和药物滥用)其它奖赏引起(Berridge和Robinson1998,Brain Res Brain ResRev28,637-641)。累积证据证明中脑边缘系统是生长素释放肽的靶标。除了下丘脑之外,生长素释放肽受体也已鉴定在腹侧被盖区(VTA)中和背外侧被盖区(LDTg)。最近的发现表明生长素释放肽对食物摄取的作用部分由涉及奖赏寻求行为的中脑边缘多巴胺系统介导(Jerlhag E.等人2006Addiction Biology11:45-54;Jerlhag E等人,Addict Biol.200712:6-16;Egecioglu E.等人2010,Addiction Biology15,304-311)。此外,大部分最近的数据证实了生长素释放肽拮抗剂用于治疗酒精障碍(WO2009/020419和Jerlhag等人2009.PNAS106,11318-11323)和药物滥用(Jerlhag E.等人2010,Psychopharmacology211,415-422)的适合性。
其它应用领域包括加速进行重大手术患者的恢复(例如US6,194,578);加速烧伤患者的恢复(例如US6,194,578);减少在重大手术之后的蛋白质分解代谢反应(例如US6,194,578);减少由于急性或慢性疾病造成的恶病质和蛋白质丧失(例如US6,194,578);治疗处于与抗抑郁药组合的医疗程序的患者的中枢神经系统障碍(例如US2002/0002137A1);加速骨折修复和软骨生长(例如US6,194,578);治疗或预防骨质疏松症;刺激免疫系统;加速创伤愈合(例如US6,194,578);治疗与Prader-Willi综合征、Turner综合征和肥胖症相关的生长迟缓;治疗子宫内生长迟缓、骨骼发育不良、皮质醇增多症和Cushing综合征;治疗骨软骨发育不良、Noonan综合征、精神分裂症、抑郁和阿尔茨海默氏病;治疗肺功能障碍和呼吸机依赖;治疗包括胰岛细胞增生症的高胰岛素血症;辅助治疗排卵诱导;预防年龄相关的胸腺功能减退;改善肌肉强度和运动性(例如US6,194,578);保持皮肤厚度(例如US6,194,578);改善睡眠质量(例如US6,071,926);单独(例如US6,329,342;US6,194,578)和与促皮质激素释放因子拮抗剂组合(例如US2001/0041673)预防充血性心力衰竭;代谢动态平衡或肾动态平衡(例如在虚弱的老人中)(例如US6,194,578);改善血糖控制(例如US6,251,902);治疗系统性红斑狼疮和炎性肠病(例如US2002/0013320);治疗或预防与衰老或肥胖症相关的虚弱(例如US6,194,578);以及刺激成骨细胞。
在潜在应用中没有忘记动物,例如在伴侣动物中刺激食物摄取(Wren AM等人,Diabetes2001,50:2540-2547)、刺激免疫系统和治疗衰老障碍、在家畜中促进生长和在绵羊中刺激羊毛生长。
含有三唑部分的化合物由于其多种生物活性而在药物化学中被普遍认识。下列专利家族全部涉及杂环化合物,其被叙述为显示某些生物作用而用于不同药物适应症。隐蔽或明确地包含三唑部分。
将作为具有良好受体亲和性的生长激素促泌素受体的生长素释放肽类似物配体的三唑衍生物公开在WO07/020013中。
WO2004/111015公开了糖皮质激素受体的调节剂。WO2004/052280描述作为VEGF受体的酪氨酸激酶活性抑制剂的抗血管生成的化合物及其在癌症中的用途。WO2004/096795也公开了酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,优选的是C-FMS抑制剂。WO03/011831和WO03/011210都描述作为氧化氮合酶抑制剂的杂芳基杂烷基胺衍生物。WO02/00651涉及因子XA抑制剂用于血栓栓塞障碍。WO01/94318和WO01/94317都描述了经取代的唑衍生物的化学库及其合成方法用于药物发现高通量筛选。但是,其未能提供任何生物活性或任何药物用途,也未命名特定的化合物。WO00/76971和WO00/76970都要求保护用作抗血栓剂的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂。WO01/36395公开了作为法尼基转移酶抑制剂的三唑衍生物。WO96/33176和US5,703,092涉及作为金属蛋白酶和TNF抑制剂的异羟肟酸化合物。WO93/09095描述2-杂环乙基胺衍生物及其在神经的和神经变性障碍中的用途。WO2004/103270要求保护用于治疗血栓形成的化合物,具体的是因子XIa抑制剂。WO98/38177、US6,506,782、US6,849,650和US2003/0130188全部描述了作为β-淀粉样肽释放抑制剂的杂环化合物或其合成用于阿尔茨海默氏病。
也已将可用作GHS的杂环化合物描述于文献中。
例如WO00/54729公开了作为GH促泌素的杂环芳族化合物,其被叙述为刺激GH内源性产生和/或释放并且也可含有三唑部分。此外,描述了施用这类GHS用于增加内源性GH的水平或增加GH内源性产生或释放的方法。此外,提供了用于在施用这类GHS的老年人中预防或治疗骨质疏松症(改善骨密度和/或强度)、或治疗肥胖症、或增加肌肉质量和/或肌肉强度和功能,或在施用这类GHS的老年人中逆转或预防虚弱的方法。
但是,尽管要求保护体内GH释放,但WO00/54729未能实际证明这类作用。体外和体内数据都不包含证实对GH内源性产生和/或释放的任何刺激或其中的增加的数据。
此外,WO00/54729未能描述和显示那些要求保护的化合物对任何生物靶标的作用,即没有将要求保护的化合物显示/描述为一个或多个特异性受体(例如受体家族)的、与其结合和调节其活性的配体。
此外,WO00/54729未能描述和证实要求保护的化合物的抑制和/或拮抗活性。实际上,未显示这类化合物减少内源性GH的水平和/或抑制或减少GH内源性产生和/或释放。既不显示对提及的任何受体的抑制作用也不使其明显。
US6,525,203、US6,518,292、US6,660,760是与WO00/54729相同专利家族的成员,但是,不再包含作为要求保护的主题的三唑部分。就生物活性而言,适用关于WO00/54729的上述事实。
WO2004/021984描述GH促泌素杂环芳族化合物,其被叙述为适用于刺激GH内源性产生或释放。但是,要求保护的化合物由二-至四环的芳族环组成且不含三唑。
类似于WO00/54729,要求保护体内GH释放,但是体外和体内数据都不含证实对GH内源性产生和/或释放的任何刺激或其中的增加的数据。就生物活性而言,适用关于WO00/54729相同陈述的事实。
WO97/23508要求保护作为GHS的肽拟似性质的化合物,且被叙述为直接作用于体外垂体细胞以从其释放GH并显示改善的性质,例如改善对蛋白水解降解的耐性和改善生物利用度。此外,也可将要求保护的化合物体内施用以增加GH释放。化合物是肽衍生物且没有明确地含有三唑部分。
但是,再次且类似于上述WO00/54729和WO2004/021984,WO97/23508未能显示出证实要求保护作用的任何体外或体内数据,例如直接作用于垂体细胞、从其释放GH和改善的性质。此外,就生物靶标和抑制/拮抗活性而言,适用关于WO00/54729的上述事实。
US6,127,391、US5,977,178和US6,555,570是与WO97/23508相同的专利家族的成员。适用对于WO97/23508的上述事实。
设计本发明中描述的化合物旨在显示与代表性的化合物(即在WO07/020013中公开的化合物50)相比对至少因子3的生长素释放肽受体具有改善的活性。
此外,预计本发明中描述的化合物具有改善的口服生物利用度。化学合成涉及修饰残基R2、R5和R7以便提供具有改善的ADME性质的化合物。
与在WO07/020013中公开的化合物相比,本文描述的化合物在至少下列参数之一中显示改善的性质,所述参数普遍被认为是合理的口服生物利用度所必需的(Caldwell GW.2000,Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel.3(1),30-41;Thomas VH.等人2006,Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol2(4),591-608):
CaCo-2通透性:PAPP(a→b)>1x106cm/s
当指明b→a/a→b比例<2时,没有流出的证据
代谢稳定性:在微粒体体外稳定性研究中,大鼠CL<50ml/分钟/kg(或者,在60分钟时残留>30%)。
因此,本发明的目的是提供具有改善的受体拮抗活性和ADME性质的新的化合物,其可以用于在哺乳动物,具体的是人类中治疗由GHS受体介导的生理和/或病理生理病况。本发明的另一个目的是提供GHS受体激动剂用于那些治疗。本发明的另一个目的是提供反向激动剂用于上述治疗,其中所述治疗通过调节GHS受体实现。本发明的另一个目的是提供GHS受体的部分激动剂/拮抗剂用于那些治疗。
发明内容
已将本发明的目的在一方面通过提供式(I)化合物令人意想不到地实现。
其中:
(A)
R1和R2彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、-NR11R12、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–C(O)NR9R10、-C(S)NR9R10;”;
残基R3和R4之一为氢原子,然而另一个残基选自“氢原子、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–烷基–O–芳基、–烷基–O–芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂芳基、–烷基–O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂环基、烷基–O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–芳基、–烷基–CO–芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂环基、–烷基–CO–杂环基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–NH2、–烷基–CO–OH、–烷基–NH2、–烷基–NH–C(NH)–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基、烷基–S–烷基、烷基–S–H”,其任选地在芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、-O-CF3、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R5选自“–C(S)烷基、–C(S)–环烷基、–C(S)–环烷基烷基、–C(S)–芳基、–C(S)–芳基烷基、–C(S)–杂芳基、–C(S)–杂芳基烷基、–C(S)–杂环基、–C(S)–杂环基烷基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–C(O)NR9R10、-C(S)NR9R10”;其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、-CF3、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、-NH2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、-OH、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R6选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基和环烷基烷基”;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基和杂芳基烷基”;
R11为“氢原子”,
R12彼此独立地选自“-C(O)H、-C(O)-烷基;–C(O)–环烷基、–C(O)–环烷基烷基、–C(O)–芳基、–C(O)–芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂芳基、–C(O)–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂环基、–C(O)–杂环基烷基”,
或
(B)
R1彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R2为“烷基”,其经至多2个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“芳基、杂芳基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、-C(O)NR9R10、-NR11R12“,且就芳基、杂芳基而言,烷基必须另外经–NR11R12取代;
残基R3和R4之一为氢原子,然而另一个残基选自“氢原子、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–烷基–O–芳基、–烷基–O–芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂芳基、–烷基–O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂环基、烷基–O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–芳基、–烷基–CO–芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂环基、–烷基–CO–杂环基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–NH2、–烷基–CO–OH、–烷基–NH2、–烷基–NH–C(NH)–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基、烷基–S–烷基、烷基–S–H”,其任选地在芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R5选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–CO–烷基、–CO–环烷基、–CO–环烷基烷基、–CO–芳基、–CO–芳基烷基、–CO–杂芳基、–CO–杂芳基烷基、–CO–杂环基、–CO–杂环基烷基、–CO–C*(R9R10)–NH2、–CO–CH2–C*(R9R10)–NH2、–CO–C*(R9R10)–CH2–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R6选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、天然氨基酸侧链、非天然氨基酸侧链”;
R11为“氢原子”;
R12彼此独立地选自“-C(O)H、-C(O)-烷基;–C(O)–环烷基、–C(O)–环烷基烷基、–C(O)–芳基、–C(O)–芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂芳基、–C(O)–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂环基、–C(O)–杂环基烷基”;
在(A)和(B)中
m为0、1或2;且
*意指当为手性时的R或S构型碳原子;
所述化合物可用于制备用于治疗或预防哺乳动物中由GHS受体介导的生理和/或病理生理病况的药物。
在另一方面,已将本发明的目的通过提供选自下列的新三唑化合物及其生理学上可耐受的盐令人意想不到地实现:
化合物1 [5-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[(吡啶-3-羰基)-氨基]-乙基}-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙酸乙酯;
化合物2 N-[(R)-1-[5-氨基甲酰基甲基-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-b3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-烟酰胺;
化合物3 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物4 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物5 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物6 N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-羟基-乙酰胺;
化合物7 (S)-吗啉-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物8 N-[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-氨基-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物9 2-氨基-N-[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物10 N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-氨基-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物11 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物12 2-氨基-N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物13 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((S)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物14 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[1-甲酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物15 {(R)-1-[5-[2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-萘-2-基-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物16 1-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-3-异丙基-脲;
化合物17 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸异丁酯;
化合物18 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物19 1-苄基-3-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-脲;
化合物20 1-苄基-3-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-硫脲;
化合物21 [(R)-1-[4-(4-氟-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物22 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-异丙氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物23 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-甲基-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物24 [(R)-1-[4-(2,4-二甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物25 哌啶-4-硫代甲酸{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-酰胺;
化合物26 2-氨基-N-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-硫代乙酰胺;
化合物27 吡啶-2-硫代甲酸{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-酰胺;
所述物质的化学名称使用AutoNom2000for ISIS/Draw Add-In产生。
为了避免疑义,如果上述显示的化合物的化学名称和化学结构由于错误而无法对应时,可将该化学结构视为明确地定义该化合物。
在优选的实施方案中,可将这些化合物用于制备用于治疗或预防哺乳动物中由GHS受体介导的生理和/或病理生理病况的药物。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,如本文所示的,即一般地(通过上述式(I)和不同R残基)和明确地在下列称为(本)发明化合物的所有三唑化合物可用于制备治疗或预防哺乳动物中由GHS受体介导的生理和/或病理生理病况的药物,且其中该治疗可通过调节GHS受体实现。
除非在说明书或在权利要求中另外地指明,否则为了解释上述式(I)化合物指明的术语总是具有下列含义:
术语“经取代”意指对应的残基或基团含有一个或多个取代基。其中残基具有多个取代基,且多种取代基的选择是特定的,该取代基彼此独立选择且不需要相同。术语“未经取代”意指对应的基团不含取代基。术语“任选地经取代”意指对应的基团未经取代或经一个或多个取代基取代。术语“经至多3个取代基取代”意指对应的残基或基团经1个或2个或3个取代基取代。
为了本发明的目的,术语“烷基”包括具有C1-C12碳原子可为直链或支链的非环状饱和烃。术语“烷基”优选代表1至8个,具体优选的是1至6个碳原子的烷基链。适宜的烷基残基的实例为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、叔戊基、2-或3-甲基-戊基、正己基、异己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一基、正十二烷基。
术语“环烷基”代表饱和的或部分不饱和的非芳族环状烃基团/残基,其含有1至3个环,包括单环烷基、双环烷基和三环烷基,且含有形成该环的总共3至20个(优选的是3至10个)碳原子,最优选的是(C3-C8)-环烷基。适宜的环烷基残基的实例为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环癸基、环己烯基、环戊烯基、环辛二烯基。
术语“环烷基烷基”意指其中通过烷基连接环烷基的残基,其中烷基和环烷基具有本文定义的含义,优选的是(C3-C8)-环烷基-(C1-C4)-烷基残基。其实例为环丙基甲基、环己基甲基、环戊基乙基、环己烯基乙基。
为了本发明的目的,术语“烯基”包括具有C2-C12碳原子的非环状不饱和或部分不饱和的烃,其可为直链或支链且含有一个或多个双键。术语“烯基”优选地代表2至8个,具体优选的是2至6个碳原子的烯基链。实例为乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基和辛二烯基等。
术语“炔基”意指具有C2-C12碳原子的非环状不饱和或部分不饱和的烃,其可为直链或支链且含有一个或多个三键。术语“炔基”优选地代表2至8个,具体优选的是2至6个碳原子的炔基链。实例为丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基。
术语“芳基”意指具有3至14个,优选的是5至14个碳原子的芳族烃系统,其也可稠合其它饱和的、(部分)不饱和的或芳族的环系统。“芳基”的实例尤其为苯基、联苯基、萘基和蒽基,以及茚满基、茚基或1,2,3,4-四氢萘基.
术语“杂芳基”意指5-、6-或7-元环的芳族残基,其包含至少1个,适当情况下也为2、3、4或5个杂原子,优选的是氮、氧和/或硫,其中杂原子是相同或不同的。氮原子的数量优选在0和3之间,且氧和硫原子的数量在0和1之间。术语“杂芳基”也包括其中芳族环为二-或多环系统的一部分的系统,例如其中该芳族环是通过杂芳基残基的任何所需且可能的环成员稠合如本文所定义的芳基、环烷基、杂芳基或杂环基。“杂芳基”的实例包括吡咯基、噻吩基、呋喃基、咪唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吲哚基、喹啉基和异喹啉基。
术语“芳基烷基”和“杂芳基烷基“意指其中芳基或杂芳基残基通过烷基连接的残基,其中烷基、芳基和杂芳基具有本文定义的含义。优选的“芳基烷基”是苯基-(C1-C4)-烷基残基,优选的是苄基或苯基乙基残基。优选的“杂芳基烷基”是吲哚基-(C1-C4)-烷基残基,优选的是1H-吲哚-3-基-甲基或2(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基。
术语“杂环基”意指3至14个,优选的是5或6至14个环原子(可能只是碳原子)的单-或多环系统。但是,该环系统也可以含有1、2、3、4或5个杂原子,具体的是氮、氧和/或硫。该环系统可以是饱和的,单-或多不饱和的但不可以是芳族的。就由至少两个环组成的环系统而言,可将这些环稠合或螺-或通过另外方式连接。“杂环基”残基可以在任何碳或杂原子处连接以致产生稳定的结构。实例包括吡咯烷基、硫代吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、氧杂哌嗪基、氧杂哌啶基和噁二唑基。
术语“杂环基烷基”意指其中通过烷基连接杂环基的残基,其中烷基和杂环基具有上文定义的含义。
术语“烷基磺酰基”、“芳基磺酰基”和“芳基烷基磺酰基”意指其中通过–SO2–基团连接烷基、芳基或芳基烷基的残基,其中烷基、芳基和芳基烷基具有本文定义的含义。实例为甲磺酰基和苯基磺酰基。
术语“卤素”、“卤素原子”或“卤素取代基”(Hal-)意指一个,适当情况下,多个氟(F,氟代)、溴(Br,溴代)、氯(Cl,氯代)或碘(I,碘代)原子。表达“二卤素”、“三卤素”和“全卤素”分别意指2、3和4个取代基,其中各取代基可独立选自氟、氯、溴和碘。“卤素”优选地意指氟、氯或溴原子。
为了本发明的目的,术语“天然α-氨基酸侧链”意指已知的20种蛋白源(proteinogenic)α-氨基酸的所有侧链以及下列天然存在的(即在任何生物系统中)α-氨基酸的侧链:例如硒半膀胱酸、吡咯赖氨酸、瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、高半胱氨酸、N-甲基精氨酸、N-乙酰基赖氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸(盐或酯)、5-羟基赖氨酸、3-甲基组氨酸和/或N,N,N,-三甲基赖氨酸。在这一点上“侧链”意指连接至α-碳原子的残基,例如Ala侧链的甲基或Phe侧链的苄基。
为了本发明的目的,术语“非天然α氨基酸侧链”意指不是蛋白质源也不是已知天然存在(即在任何生物系统中)的已知α-氨基酸的所有侧链。实例为正亮氨酸、环己基甘氨酸、2-萘基丙氨酸、经取代的α-氨基酸(例如经卤素取代的Tyr或Phe)以及经保护的α-氨基酸侧链,其中可使例如Fmoc、Boc、Z、CBZ、Aloc、三苯甲基、乙酰基和/或苄基的保护基团直接与官能团(例如氨基、羟基和/或羧基残基)连接/反应。在这一点上“侧链”指的是“天然α氨基酸侧链”。
具有官能团(例如氨基、羟基和/或羧基残基)的残基R1至R12的上述实施方案,例如烷基–CO–NH2、–烷基–CO–OH、–烷基–NH2、–烷基–NH–C(NH)–NH2、–CO–C*(R9R10)–NH2、–CO–CH2–C*(R9R10)–NH2、–CO–C*(R9R10)–CH2–NH2和/或2-氨基-2-羰基-丙烷(2-氨基-异丁酸/Aib残基),可以用如上述提及的保护基团保护。实施实施方案的这类保护基团被视为属于/在本发明的范围和精神之内。
本发明化合物的所有立体异构体预计为混合物或为纯的或基本上纯的形式。本发明的化合物在任何碳原子、包括R残基的任何一个碳原子处可具有不对称中心。因此,本发明的化合物可以以它们的外消旋形式、以纯的对映异构体和/或非对映异构体的形式或以这些对映异构体和/或非对映异构体混合物的形式存在。该混合物可具有任何所需混合比率的立体异构体。所有这些不同的立体化学形式和混合物都在本发明的范围内。
因此,例如,具有一个或多个手性中心且以外消旋物或以非对映异构体混合物的形式存在的本发明化合物,可以通过本身已知的方法拆分成其光学纯的异构体,即对映异构体或非对映异构体。可将发明化合物的分离通过在手性或非手性相进行柱分离、或通过从任选地光学活性溶剂中重结晶、或使用光学活性酸或碱、或通过用光学活性试剂例如光学活性醇衍生,并随后除去残基来进行。
如有可能,本发明的化合物可为互变异构体的形式。
本发明的化合物同样可能为任何所需的前药的形式,例如酯类、碳酸酯或磷酸酯,在此情况中,仅仅通过代谢释放实际的生物活性形式。可在体内转化以提供生物活性剂(即本发明的化合物)的任何化合物都是在本发明范围和精神之内的前药。
前药的多种形式为本领域所熟知且例如在下列文献中所描述:
(i)The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry(Wermuth CG等人,第31章,Academic Press1996);
(ii)Design of Prodrugs(编辑者:Bundgaard H,Elsevier1985);和
(iii)A Textbook of Drug Design and Development(Krogsgaard-Larson P和Bundgaard H,编辑,第5章:113–191,Harwood Academic Publishers1991)。
将所述文献通过引用并入本文。
还已知该化学物质在身体内被转化成代谢物,适当的情况下该代谢物同样引起所需的生物效应-在某些情况下甚至是更显著的形式。
在体内通过代谢由本发明的任何化合物转化的任何生物活性化合物都是在本发明的范围和精神之内的代谢物。
本发明的化合物,如果它们具有的足够碱性的基团例如,伯、仲或叔胺时,都可用无机和有机酸转化成盐。本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐优选与盐酸、氢溴酸、碘酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、碳酸、甲酸、乙酸、磺基乙酸、三氟乙酸、草酸、丙二酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、外消旋酸、苹果酸、扑酸、扁桃酸、富马酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、牛磺胆酸、戊二酸、硬脂酸、谷氨酸或天冬氨酸形成。形成的盐尤其是盐酸盐、氯化物、氢溴酸盐、溴化物、碘化物、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、磺基乙酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、草酸盐、丙二酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、扁桃酸盐、富马酸盐、乳酸盐、柠檬酸盐、戊二酸盐、硬脂酸盐、天冬氨酸盐和谷氨酸盐。从本发明化合物形成的盐的化学计量还可以是1的整数或非整数倍数。
本发明的化合物,如果它们含有足够酸性的基团例如,羧基、磺酸、磷酸或酚基团时,都可用无机和有机碱转化成它们的生理上可耐受的盐。适宜的无机碱的实例为铵、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙,且有机碱的实例为乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、乙二胺、叔丁胺、叔辛胺、脱氢松香胺、环己胺、二苄乙烯-二胺和赖氨酸。从本发明化合物形成的盐的化学计量还可以是1的整数或非整数倍数。
本发明的化合物同样可能为它们的溶剂化物的形式,且具体的是水合物,其可以例如通过从溶剂或从水溶液中结晶得到。还可能是1、2或3个或任何数量的溶剂或水分子与本发明的化合物结合以得到溶剂化物和水合物。
已知化学物质形成以不同有序状态存在的固体,称其为多晶型或变型物(modification)。多晶型物的不同变型物可在它们的物理性质方面有很大的不同。本发明的化合物可以以多种多晶型存在,且某些变型物还可以是亚稳定的。本发明化合物的所有这些多晶型都被视为属于本发明。
如本文显示的三唑衍生物(本发明的化合物)是GHS受体的生长素释放肽类似物配体。因此,上述提及的本发明的化合物适用于治疗或预防由GHS受体介导的生理和/或病理生理病况,和/或可以通过调节这些受体影响的且因此得以预防,治疗和/或减轻的生理和/或病理生理病况。
为了本发明的目的,术语“治疗”也意欲包括预防性治疗或减轻。
为了本发明的目的,术语“生长素释放肽类似物配体”或“配体”意欲指以任何方式结合受体(该受体在本发明中是GHS或生长素释放肽受体)并在此受体处引发活化、抑制和/或另一种可能效应的每种化合物。术语“生长素释放肽类似物配体”或“配体”因此包括激动剂、拮抗剂、部分激动剂/拮抗剂、反向激动剂和在受体处引起的效应与激动剂、拮抗剂、部分激动剂/拮抗剂或反向激动剂类似的其它配体。
为了本发明的目的,术语“GHS或生长素释放肽受体拮抗剂”或“GHS或生长素释放肽受体的拮抗剂”意指本发明的化合物,其结合GHS或生长素释放肽受体但不引起该受体适当活化,如通过记录细胞内钙的增加和cAMP反应元件驱动的报道基因表达的增加所评价的,这是活化这些G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)的特征。
对于本发明的任何化合物使GHS-R1A受体适当失活的能力通过在与基础水平(100%)相比的饱和浓度(0%)生长素释放肽存在下,比较测试化合物(在10-10M至10-4M范围中的不同浓度下)抑制GHS-R1a的程度(减少细胞内钙和减少cAMP反应元件驱动的报道基因表达)来进行评价。技术人员由于其专业知识可以容易地实施这类评价。结果为各测试化合物的百分比值。
将未显示GHS-R1a的活化程度为至少20%(根据上面的说明评价的)(细胞内钙的增加和cAMP反应元件驱动报道基因表达的增加)的本发明的任何化合物视为不引起适当活化,并因此不视为GHS或生长素释放肽受体的激动剂。优选的是,这类化合物显示对生长素释放肽和/或其它GHS刺激的细胞内钙增加的拮抗作用(抵抗/减少),预防这类刺激或甚至充当反向激动剂。反向激动剂是与激动剂或拮抗剂结合相同的受体结合部位但是却引起该受体的基础/固有活性受抑制的配体。此外,这类化合物可以另外显示对GH分泌和/或对其它生理或病理生理病况的抑制活性或作用,例如食物摄取或脂肪生成。它们的作用可以不相关。因此,尽管抑制了其它的生理作用,但其可能对GH分泌完全没有影响。它们甚至可以刺激其它的生理作用。
为了本发明的目的,术语“GHS受体激动剂”或“GHS受体的激动剂”意指本发明的化合物,其结合GHS受体并引起该受体的适当活化,如通过记录细胞内钙的增加或cAMP反应元件驱动的报道基因表达的增加所评价的,这是活化G蛋白偶联受体的特征。
将显示GHS-R1a的活化程度为至少20%(根据上面的说明评价的)(细胞内钙的增加和cAMP反应元件驱动报道基因表达的增加)的本发明的任何化合物视为引起适当的活化,并因此视为GHS受体激动剂。这类化合物可以拟似生长素释放肽和/或GHS对GH分泌的作用,例如食物摄取或脂肪生成。类似于拮抗剂,激动剂化合物的作用可以与GH分泌作用不相关。这类化合物甚至可以拮抗(抵抗/减少)生长素释放肽和/或其它GHS刺激的细胞内钙增加。
为了本发明的目的,术语“GHS受体”或“GHS-R”或“生长素释放肽受体”意欲包括结合至少一个已知肽基和/或非肽基GHS和/或生长素释放肽的受体。术语“GHS受体”或“GHS-R”或“生长素释放肽受体”也意欲包括如本文所示的在多种组织和/或器官中的不同GHS结合部位,其结合至少一个已知的肽基和/或非肽基GHS和/或生长素释放肽且其可能尚未表征GHS-R亚型。
以其专业知识为基础的技术人员通过例如仅仅表示例行试验的适当的结合测试易于证实结合给定的已知肽基和/或非肽基GHS和/或生长素释放肽。
这类GHS受体可被生长素释放肽(生长素释放肽反应性)刺激/活化或不可被生长素释放肽(生长素释放肽不反应性)刺激/活化–分别就酰化的和非酰化的生长素释放肽而言。刺激/活化这类受体可以引起但不是必定会引起GH产生和/或GH分泌和/或增加GH血浆水平。
优选的是,这类GHS受体选自“GHS1型受体、GHS-R1a、GHS-R1b、促胃动素受体、促胃动素受体1a、神经降压素受体、TRH受体、GPR38(FM1)、GPR39(FM2)、FM3、GHS结合部位、GHS-R亚型、心脏GHS-R、乳房GHS-R”。
更优选的是,这类GHS受体选自“GHS1型受体、GHS-R1a、GHS-R1b”,并且最优选的是GHS-R1a。
如本文讨论的,已知GHS受体(包括GHS结合部位和GHS-R亚型)集中在下丘脑-垂体区域中,而且也显示分布于其它中枢和外周组织中。此外,在生理条件下它们也在多种肿瘤组织中、甚至在没有表达这些受体的器官的肿瘤组织中表达。
为了本发明的目的,意欲将表达器官和/或组织的所有这些GHS受体(包括GHS结合部位和GHS-R亚型)包含在本发明的范围内。以其专业知识为基础的技术人员,通过例如仅仅表示例行试验的适当的分子生物测试,例如免疫荧光或免疫沉淀测试,易于证实在给定的器官和/或组织中GHS受体(包括GHS结合部位和GHS-R亚型)的表达。
优选的是,这类GHS受体位于选自下列的组织和/或器官中:“内分泌组织、外分泌组织、外周组织、脂肪(adipose)/脂肪(fat)组织、脑、下丘脑、丘脑、海马、纹状体、皮质、垂体、中枢神经系统、脊髓、腺、肾上腺、甲状腺、唾液腺、乳腺、神经元、肠、小肠、胃、心、肝、胰腺、肾、胆汁(bile)、胆(gall)、膀胱、前列腺、脾、肌肉、骨骼肌、大动脉、动脉、静脉、免疫细胞、白细胞、淋巴细胞、T细胞、B细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、肥大细胞、NK细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、淋巴结、骨、骨髓、扁桃体、胸腺、胎盘、睾丸、卵巢、子宫、肺、脂肪细胞、肿瘤/癌细胞、癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、甲状腺癌细胞、肺癌细胞、乳癌细胞”。
如上文显示的,本发明的化合物为GHS受体的生长素释放肽类似物配体。可以将其施用于多种哺乳动物种类,包括人类,用于治疗或预防在这类哺乳动物中的生理和/或病理生理病况。
为了本发明的目的,将所有的哺乳动物种类都包括。优选的是,这类哺乳动物选自“人类、家养动物、牛、家畜、宠物、奶牛、绵羊、猪、山羊、马、矮马、驴子、驴骡(hinny)、骡(mule)、野兔、家兔、猫、狗、豚鼠、仓鼠、大鼠、小鼠”。更优选的是,这类哺乳动物是人类。
GHS受体的非肽生长素释放肽类似物配体的本发明化合物其大部分令人意想不到地表征为比代表性的实例(即在WO07/020013中公开的化合物50)在与这类受体结合的亲和力方面改善超过3倍。对于结合人GHS-R1a,本发明的化合物例如可以优选地显示小于100nM的IC50值。最优选的是,对于结合至人GHS-R1a,这类化合物可以显示小于10nM的IC50值。
由于其令人意想不到强的受体结合,本发明的化合物可在比其它较低效的结合剂(如WO07/020013中所公开的)更低的剂量下有利地施用,却依然会实现与所需的生物作用相等或甚至优于所述的作用。此外,这种剂量减少有利地导致较少或甚至不引起药物副作用。而且,本发明化合物的高结合特异性可以转化成减少其自身不期望的副作用,而无论施用的剂量如何。
此外,非肽性质的本发明的化合物耐胃肠道酶的降解。因此,所述化合物提供了通过口服途径给药的优势。所述化合物令人意想不到地显示了改善的代谢稳定性和/或改善的生物利用度。因此,再次可实现较少或甚至不引起副作用的有益的剂量减少。
如本文显示和定义的,本发明的化合物可以是GHS或生长素释放肽受体的激动剂、拮抗剂或部分激动剂/拮抗剂或反向激动剂。
如本文显示和定义的,本发明的化合物可以是GHS受体的拮抗剂或激动剂。
可将本发明的GHS受体拮抗剂用于例如抑制生长素释放肽和/或其它GHS刺激的GHS受体,因此降低和/或阻断了GH产生和/或分泌和/或GH血浆水平。此外,也可将这类GHS受体拮抗剂用于抑制或预防不涉及GH产生和/或GH分泌的生长素释放肽的生理或病理生理作用。
因此,本发明的GHS受体拮抗剂适用于治疗和/或预防如本文公开的多种生理和病理生理病况,具体的是用于能量平衡的短期、中期和/或长期调节、食物摄取的短期、中期和/或长期调节(刺激和/或抑制)、治疗脂肪生成、脂肪过多和/或肥胖症、体重增加和/或减少和治疗肿瘤细胞增殖。
相反,可将本发明的GHS受体激动剂用于例如活化GHS受体和刺激/增加GH产生和/或GH分泌,并因此具有生长激素自身、生长素释放肽和/或已知的GHS的类似作用或用途。
因此,本发明的GHS受体激动剂适用于治疗和/或预防如本文公开的多种生理和病理生理病况,具体的是生长迟缓、恶病质、炎症、炎性效应、胃术后肠梗阻、术后肠梗阻和/或胃切除术(生长素释放肽(ghrelin)替代治疗)。
为了本发明的目的,意欲包含已知由GHS受体介导的所有生理学和/或病理生理病况。
优选的是,这些生理和/或病理生理病况选自“选择手术(electionsurgery)后的急性疲劳综合征和肌肉丧失、脂肪生成、脂肪过多、年龄相关的胸腺功能下降、在老人中与年龄相关的功能下降(“ARFD”)、在伴侣动物中的衰老障碍、酒精相关障碍、阿尔茨海默病、厌食症(例如与恶病质或衰老相关的);焦虑、血压(降低)、体重增加/减少、骨折修复(加速)、骨重塑刺激、由于例如癌或AIDS的慢性疾病引起的恶病质和蛋白质丧失减少、心脏功能障碍(例如与心瓣膜病、心肌梗死、心脏肥大或充血性心力衰竭相关的)、心肌病、软骨生长刺激、与肺功能障碍和呼吸机依赖相关的分解代谢障碍、糖皮质激素的分解代谢副作用、衰老的分解代谢状态、中枢神经系统障碍(与抗抑郁药组合)、慢性透析、慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)、认知功能改善(例如在痴呆、阿尔茨海默病中)、复杂骨折(例如牵张成骨术(disctraction osteogenesis))、与移植相关的并发症、充血性心力衰竭(单独/与促皮质激素释放因子拮抗剂组合)、Crohn病和溃疡性结肠炎(colits)、Cushing综合征、痴呆、抑郁、药物滥用、能量平衡的短期、中期和/或长期调节、食物摄取的短期、中期和/或长期调节(刺激和/或抑制)、奖赏食物的摄取、虚弱(fraility)(例如在老年人中)、胃切除术(生长素释放肽替代治疗)、胃术后肠梗阻、血糖控制改善、在老年人中的生长激素释放刺激、在应激患者中的生长激素替代、在家畜中的生长促进、与Prader-Willi综合征和Turner综合征相关的生长迟缓、与Crohn病相关的生长迟缓、生长迟缓、毛发/指(趾)甲生长维持、髋骨折、饥饿、皮质醇增多症、包括胰岛细胞增生症的高胰岛素血症、低温症、在具有降低的T4/T8细胞比率的个体中的免疫缺陷、对疫苗接种的免疫反应改善、在伴侣动物中的免疫系统刺激、免疫系统刺激、在免疫抑制患者中的免疫抑制、炎症或炎性效应、炎性肠病、在心脏中的胰岛素抵抗、在2型糖尿病患者中的胰岛素抵抗、包括NIDDM的胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、子宫内生长迟缓、肠易激综合征、脂肪代谢障碍(例如HIV-诱导的)、代谢体内平衡维持、在家畜中奶产生增加、肌肉质量/强度增加、肌肉运动性改善、肌肉强度改善、在老年人中的肌肉强度/功能维持、肌肉萎缩、肌肉骨骼损伤(例如在老年人中)、Noonan综合征、与肥胖症相关的肥胖症和生长迟缓、成骨细胞刺激、骨软骨发育不良、骨质疏松症、排卵诱导(辅助治疗)、包括生长激素缺乏儿童的生理身材矮小症、术后肠梗阻、大手术/创伤后的蛋白质分解代谢反应衰减、蛋白激酶B活性增强、心理社会剥夺、肺功能障碍和呼吸机依赖、肺功能改善、脉动性生长激素释放诱导、烧伤患者恢复和减少烧伤患者的住院(促进)、源自生长迟缓的肾衰竭或功能不全、在虚弱老人中的肾动态平衡维持、少肌症、精神分裂症、感觉功能维持(例如听觉、视觉、嗅觉(olefaction)和味觉)、短肠综合征、与慢性病相关的身材矮小症、骨骼发育不良、皮肤厚度维持、睡眠障碍、睡眠质量改善、血小板减少症、胸腺发育刺激、牙齿修复或生长、肿瘤细胞增殖、心室功能障碍或再灌注事件、与AIDS相关的消瘦、与慢性肝病相关的消瘦、与慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)相关的消瘦、与多发性硬化或其它神经变性障碍相关的消瘦、骨折后的消瘦、在绵羊中的羊毛生长刺激、创伤愈合(加速)、创伤愈合延迟”。
更优选地,这些生理和/或病理生理病况选自“酒精相关障碍;药物滥用;生长迟缓、恶病质、能量平衡的短期、中期和/或长期调节;食物摄取的短期、中期和/或长期调节(刺激和/或抑制);奖赏食物的摄取;脂肪生成、脂肪过多和/或肥胖症;体重增加和/或减少;糖尿病、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、肿瘤细胞增殖;炎症、炎性效应、胃术后肠梗阻、术后肠梗阻和/或胃切除术(生长素释放肽替代治疗)”。
最近的发现表明生长素释放肽对食物摄取的作用部分地由涉及寻求奖赏行为的中脑边缘多巴胺系统介导(Jerlhag E.等人.2006Addiction Biology11:45-54;Jerlhag E,等人.Addict Biol.200712:6-16;Egecioglu E.等人.2010,Addiction Biology15,304-311)。此外,大部分最近的数据证实了生长素释放肽拮抗剂对于治疗酒精相关障碍(WO2009/020419和Jerlhag等人.2009.PNAS106,11318-11323)和药物滥用(Jerlhag E.等人.2010,Psychopharmacology211,415-422)的适用性。
在本发明的另一方面,可将本发明的化合物与至少一种另外的药理学活性物质组合使用。
这类另外的药理学活性物质可以是用于治疗和/或预防上述提及的生理和/或病理生理病况的本发明的其它化合物和/或其它“适宜的治疗剂”。取决于组合使用的目的,另外的药理学活性物质可以是GHS受体的拮抗剂和/或GHS受体的激动剂。技术人员以其专业知识为基础并根据组合使用的目的以及目标生理和/或病理生理病况易于实施另外的药理学活性物质的选择和组合。
在优选的实施方案中,将本发明的化合物以药物的形式用于治疗和/或预防上述提及的生理和/或病理生理病况,其中这类药物包含至少一种另外的药理活性物质。
在另一优选的实施方案中,将本发明的化合物以药物的形式用于治疗和/或预防上述提及的生理和/或病理生理病况,其中该药物在治疗之前和/或期间和/之后与至少一种另外的药理学活性物质一起应用。
上述提及的“适宜的治疗剂”包括:“GHS,抗糖尿病剂;抗骨质疏松剂;抗肥胖剂;抗炎剂;抗焦虑剂;抗抑郁剂;抗高血压剂;抗血小板剂;抗血栓剂和溶栓剂;强心苷;胆固醇/降脂剂;盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂;磷酸二酯酶抑制剂;蛋白质酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;甲状腺模似物(包括甲状腺受体拮抗剂);同化剂;HIV或AIDS治疗剂;用于治疗阿尔茨海默病和其它认知障碍的治疗剂;用于治疗睡眠障碍的治疗剂;抗增殖剂;抗肿瘤剂;抗溃疡和胃食管逆流症剂;黄体酮受体激动剂("PRA");雌激素;睾酮;选择性雌激素受体调节剂;选择性雄激素受体调节剂;甲状旁腺激素;和/或双膦酸盐”,且优选的是,“适宜的治疗剂”选自这些试剂。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的GHS的实例包括如在美国专利第4,411,890号;和公开文本WO89/07110和WO89/07111中描述的GHRP-6、GHRP-1和B-HT920或生长激素释放因子及其类似物或生长激素及其类似物或包括IGF-1和IGF-2的生长调节素以及在WO01/96300中描述的GHS。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗糖尿病剂的实例包括双胍(例如二甲双胍)、葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂(例如阿卡波糖)、胰岛素(包括胰岛素促泌素或胰岛素敏化剂)、氯茴苯酸(例如瑞格列奈)、磺酰基脲(例如,格列美脲、格列本脲和格列吡嗪)、双胍/格列本脲组合(例如,库鲁泛斯(glucovance))、噻唑烷二酮(例如曲格列酮、罗格列酮和吡格列酮)、PPAR-α激动剂、PPAR-γ激动剂、PPAR-α/γ双重激动剂、SGLT2抑制剂、例如在美国专利6,548,529中公开的那些脂肪酸结合蛋白(aP2)抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)和二肽基肽酶IV(DP4)抑制剂。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗骨质疏松剂的实例包括阿屈磷酸盐、利塞膦酸盐、雷洛昔芬、降钙素、非甾体黄体酮受体激动剂、RANK配体激动剂、钙敏感受体拮抗剂、TRAP抑制剂、选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM)、雌激素和AP-1抑制剂。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗肥胖剂的实例包括内源性大麻素受体拮抗剂,例如利莫那班(5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-N-1-哌啶基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺单盐酸盐;CAS登记号:158681-13-1;SR-141716A;美国专利5,624,941)的CB1受体拮抗剂、例如在美国专利6,548,529中公开的aP2抑制剂、PPARγ拮抗剂、PPARδ激动剂和奥利司他。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗炎剂的实例包括泼尼松、地塞米松、恩利(Enbrel)、环氧酶抑制剂(即,例如NSAID的COX-1和/或COX-2抑制剂、阿司匹林、吲哚美辛、布洛芬、吡罗昔康、萘普生、西乐葆、万络)、CTLA4-Ig激动剂/拮抗剂、CD40配体拮抗剂、整联蛋白拮抗剂、α4β7整联蛋白拮抗剂、细胞粘附抑制剂、干扰素γ拮抗剂、ICAM-1、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)拮抗剂(例如,英利昔单抗,OR1384)、前列腺素合成抑制剂、布地奈德、氯法齐明、CNI-1493、CD4拮抗剂(例如,普立昔单抗)、p38促分裂原活化蛋白质激酶抑制剂、蛋白质酪氨酸激酶(PTK)抑制剂、IKK抑制剂和用于治疗肠易激综合征的治疗剂(例如,例如在美国专利第6,184,231号中公开的泽马可(zelmac)和Maxi-K开启剂)。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗焦虑剂的实例包括地西泮、劳拉西泮、丁螺环酮、奥沙西泮和双羟萘酸羟嗪。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗抑郁剂的实例包括西酞普兰、氟西汀、奈法唑酮、舍曲林和帕罗西汀。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗高血压剂的实例包括β肾上腺素能阻断剂、钙通道阻断剂(L-型和T-型;例如地尔硫卓、维拉帕米、硝苯地平、氨氯地平和米贝拉地尔(mybefradii))、利尿剂(例如,氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氟甲噻嗪、氢氟噻嗪、苄氟噻嗪、甲基氯噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、苄噻嗪、依他尼酸帖克纳芬(tricrynafen)、氯噻酮、呋塞米、莫唑胺(musolimine)、布美他尼、三氨蝶呤(triamtrenene)、阿米洛利、螺内酯)、肾素抑制剂、ACE抑制剂(例如,卡托普利、佐芬普利、福辛普利、依那普利、赛瑞普利(ceranopril)、西拉普利(cilazopril)、地拉普利、喷托普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、赖诺普利)、AT-1受体拮抗剂(例如,氯沙坦、厄贝沙坦、缬沙坦)、ET受体拮抗剂(例如,司他生坦(sitaxsentan)、阿曲生坦(atrsentan)和在美国专利第5,612,359和6,043,265中公开的化合物、Dual ET/AII拮抗剂(例如,在WO00/01389中公开的化合物)、中性内肽酶(NEP)抑制剂、血管肽酶抑制剂(双重NEP-ACE抑制剂)(例如,奥马曲拉和吉莫曲拉)和硝酸酯。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗血小板剂的实例包括GPIIb/lIIa阻断剂(例如,阿昔单抗、依替巴肽、替罗非班)、P2Y12拮抗剂(例如,氯吡格雷、噻氯匹定、CS-747)、血栓素受体拮抗剂(例如,伊非曲班)、阿司匹林和含或不含阿司匹林的PDE-III抑制剂(例如,双嘧达莫)。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的强心苷的实例包括洋地黄和哇巴因。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的胆固醇/降脂剂的实例包括HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂[例如,普伐他汀、洛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀、NK-104(又名依伐他汀、或尼伐他汀、或尼伐他汀]和ZD-4522(又名罗苏伐他汀、或阿他伐他汀、或维沙他汀))、角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、氯贝特、胆汁酸螯合剂、ACAT抑制剂、MTP抑制剂、脂肪氧化酶抑制剂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂和胆固醇酯转移蛋白抑制剂(例如,CP-529414)。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂的实例包括螺内酯和普利酮(eplerinone)。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的实例包括例如西洛他唑的PDE III抑制剂和例如西地那非的PDE V抑制剂。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的甲状腺模似物的实例包括促甲状腺素、多甲状腺素(polythyroid)、KB-130015和决奈达隆。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的同化剂的实例包括睾酮和SARMs。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的HIV或AIDS治疗剂的实例包括硫酸茚地那韦、沙奎那韦、甲磺酸沙奎那韦、氨普那韦、利托那韦、洛匹那韦、利托那韦/洛匹那韦组合、拉米夫定、齐多夫定、拉米夫定/齐多夫定组合、扎西他滨、去羟肌苷、司他夫定和醋酸甲地孕酮。
用于与本发明化合物组合的用于治疗阿尔茨海默病和认知障碍的适宜的治疗剂的实例包括多奈哌齐、他克林、利斯的明、5HT6、γ分泌酶抑制剂、β分泌酶抑制剂、SK通道阻断剂、Maxi-K阻断剂和KCNQs阻断剂。
用于与本发明化合物组合的用于治疗睡眠障碍的适宜的治疗剂的实例包括褪黑素类似物、褪黑素受体拮抗剂、ML1B激动剂和GABA/NMDA受体拮抗剂。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗增殖剂的实例包括环孢素A、泰素、FK506和多柔比星。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的抗肿瘤剂的实例包括泰素、多柔比星、埃博霉素、顺铂和卡铂。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的选择性雌激素受体调节剂的实例包括他莫昔芬和雷洛昔芬。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的选择性雄激素受体调节剂的实例包括在Edwards,J.P.等人,Bio.Med.Chem.Let.,9,1003-1008(1999)和Hamann,L.G.等人,J.Med.Chem.,12,210-212(1999)中公开的选择性雄激素受体调节剂。
用于与本发明化合物组合的适宜的双膦酸盐(酯)的实例包括MK-217(阿屈膦酸盐(酯))。
当与本发明化合物组合使用时,可将上述其它治疗剂以例如,在Physicians'Desk Reference(PDR)中指明的或如通过本领域普通技术人员以其他方式测定的那些量使用。
在优选的实施方案中,将本发明的化合物以药物的形式用于治疗和/或预防上述提及的生理和/或病理生理病况,其中这类药物包含作为另外的药理活性物质的内源性大麻素受体拮抗剂,优选的是CB1受体拮抗剂,最优选的是利莫那班(5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-N-1-哌啶基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺单盐酸盐;CAS登记号:158681-13-1;SR-141716A;美国专利5,624,941),以及作为本发明的化合物的GHS-R拮抗剂。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,将本发明的化合物以药物的形式用于治疗和/或预防上述提及的生理和/或病理生理病况,其中该药物在治疗之前和/或期间和/或之后与至少一种另外的药理学活性物质一起应用,其中这类另外的药理活性物质为内源性大麻素受体拮抗剂,优选的是CB1受体拮抗剂,最优选的是利莫那班(5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-N-1-哌啶基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺单盐酸盐;CAS登记号:158681-13-1;SR-141716A;美国专利5,624,941),且本发明的化合物为GHS-R拮抗剂。
可将本发明的化合物以已知的方式施用。施用途径可由此为有效转运活性化合物至适当的或所需的作用部位的任何途径,例如口服或非口服,具体的是局部、透皮、肺、直肠、阴道内、鼻或胃肠外或通过植入。优选口服施用。
将本发明的化合物转化为可施用的形式且适当的情况下与药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂混合。适当的赋形剂和载体例如在Ullman’sEncyclopedia of Technical Chemistry,Vol.4,(1953),1-39;Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.52(1963),918et seq.;H.v.Czetsch-Lindenwald,“Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie and angrenzendeGebiete”;Pharm.Ind.2,1961,72et seq.;Dr.H.P.Fiedler,,,Lexikon derHilfsstoffe für Pharmazie,Kosmetik and angrenzende Gebiete“,CantorKG,Aulendorf in Württemberg,1971中描述。
口服施用可以以例如片剂、胶囊、凝胶胶囊剂、包衣片剂、颗粒剂或粉剂的固体形式,而且也以可饮用的溶液的形式进行。可将本发明的化合物与已知的和通常使用的下列生理学可耐受的赋形剂和载体组合用于口服施用:例如,阿拉伯胶、滑石粉、淀粉、糖类、例如甘露醇、甲基纤维素、乳糖、明胶、表面活性剂、硬脂酸镁、环糊精、水性或非水性载体、稀释剂、分散剂、乳化剂、润滑剂、防腐剂和矫味剂(例如香精油)。也可本发明的化合物分散在例如纳米颗粒组合物的微粒中。
非口服施用可通过例如静脉内、皮下、肌内注射无菌水性或油性溶液、混悬剂或乳剂,通过植入剂或通过软膏、乳膏或栓剂进行。适当情况下也可能以持续释放的的形式施用。植入剂可含有惰性材料,例如生物可降解的聚合物或合成硅酮,例如硅酮橡胶。阴道内施用可能通过例如阴道环。子宫内施用可能通过例如隔膜或其它适宜的子宫内装置。此外提供了透皮施用,具体的是通过适合于此目的和适合方法的制剂,例如贴片。
取决于生理和/或病理生理病况的类型和/或严重性、施用方式、被治疗受试者的年龄、性别、体重和敏感性,剂量可在大范围内变化。在技术人员的能力范围之内可以决定本发明化合物和/或另外的药理活性物质的“药理学有效量”。施用可以以单次剂量或多次的单独剂量进行。
适宜的单位剂量为,例如,每千克患者体重0.001mg至100mg的活性成分,即本发明的至少一种化合物,适当情况下,至少一种另外的药理活性物质。
在另一方面,本发明涉及包含药理活性量的至少一种选自下列的三唑化合物的药物组合物:化合物1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26和/或27,
在另一方面,这种药物组合物可以另外包含至少一种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂,和/或可以包含至少一种其它药理活性物质。
在优选的实施方案中,这类其它药理活性物质是内源性大麻素受体拮抗剂,优选的是CB1受体拮抗剂,最优选的是利莫那班[5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-N-1-哌啶基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺单盐酸盐]。
就本发明的药物组合物而言,如上文所列的至少一个三唑化合物以药理有效量,优选的是以单位剂量,例如上述提及的单位剂量,具体且优选的是以使口服施用成为可能的施用形式存在。此外,关于本发明化合物的可能的使用和施用,可参考已叙述的文献。
GHS-R1a受体测试
将小鼠LTK-细胞(ATCC CCL-1.3)先后用含有连接至3个cAMP反应元件(CRE)的CMV最小启动子(CMVmin)的质粒和荧光素酶报道基因进行稳定转染。基于该母细胞系,已建立稳定过表达的人类、大鼠或小鼠GHS-R1A的单细胞克隆,并就不同的测试形式的适合性进行表征。
对于受体竞争性结合研究,将碘化生长素释放肽在约80%饱和结合的条件下用作示踪物。分析不同浓度测定化合物的示踪物移位(displacement)。为此目的,将完整细胞加示踪物的混合物和不同浓充测定化合物的悬浮液放于硅/液状石蜡的顶部,在37℃温育60分钟并进行离心。在液氮中冷冻后,将细胞沉淀通过将管切入中间的硅/液状石蜡部分中而从上清液分离,并通过γ-辐射分析进行分析。将非特异性结合的量通过包含1μM终浓度的未标记的生长素释放肽来测定。
对于CRE/Luc报道基因测试,在控制CRE元件下将稳定表达人类GHS-1RA的小鼠LTK-细胞和荧光素酶报道基因和CMV最小启动子与1μM咯利普兰在不同浓度的AEZS-130存在下温育6小时。随后,将细胞溶解并在FlexStation3(Molecular Devices)上以发光模式测量ATP生物发光。
为测定钙释放,在37℃下经80分钟将各细胞系填装到Fluo-4NW钙测试试剂盒(Moleculare Probes/Invitrogen#F10741)。在与不同浓度的测定化合物预温育15分钟之后,加入生长素释放肽并通过FlexStation3酶标仪(Molecular Devices)监测信号60秒。
根据用饱和浓度的生长素释放肽(NeoMPS#sc1357)处理的细胞作为阴性对照(0%抑制),和未处理的细胞作为阳性对照(100%),将所有数据以%抑制来计算。将IC50值通过使用GraphPad Prism分析程序(GraphPad Software)来测定。
在下列表1中,将本发明选择的化合物得到的结果与在WO07/020013中公开的化合物50的相比显示。给定的值是单次测量或在重复2次(结合)或重复4次(功能测试)测量中实施的至多9个独立试验的平均值。
表1:在下两页所示的表1A和1B是抗人、大鼠和小鼠的生长素释放肽受体的选择化合物的生长素释放肽拮抗活性的平均IC50值。
以粗体字显示的生长素释放肽受体的IC50值比在WO07/020013中公开的化合物50得到的各IC50值改善至少3倍。
表1A
表1B
体外安全性评价
为测定MDR-1(P-糖蛋白,Pgp)ATP酶活性,使用过表达SF9昆虫细胞(SB-MDR1-Sf9-ATP酶膜;2,5mg/500μL;Solvo/tebu-bio#168SB-MDR1-Sf9-ATP酶)的MDR-1市售膜制剂。因为由MDR-1的转运是ATP依赖的,所以ATP消耗表明MDR-1的转运活性。通过使用Pgp-GloTM测试试剂盒(Promega#V3591),检测ATP消耗为与重组萤火虫荧光素酶的二次反应的发光下降。
PredictorTM hERG荧光偏振测试(Invitrogen,Karlsruhe,GER)测定是否测定化合物阻断hERG通道[Piper,D.R.等人,Assay Drug DevTechnol.2008,6(2):213-23]。该测试使用含有hERG通道蛋白质(PredictorTM hERG膜)的膜部分和基于均匀荧光偏振(FP)形式的高亲和性红荧光hERG通道配体,或“示踪物”(PredictorTM hERG TracerRed)。与hERG通道蛋白质(竞争剂)结合的化合物由其移位示踪物导致较低荧光偏振的能力来鉴定。根据制造商的指导实施该测试。
在人肝微粒体中通过基于HPLC的UV测定方法,用特异性标示物底物评价CYP酶的直接和代谢依赖性抑制。在终浓度为0.01μM至200μM下温育2次(30分钟,37℃)。代谢依赖性抑制通过在加入标示物底物之前在NADPH存在下温育30分钟以使产生代谢物来评价。将百分比抑制对浓度绘图,以从S形曲线计算或推断IC50值。
表2:在下两页所示的表2A和2B是体外安全性参数的EC50结果,即人转运体MDR-1(Pgp)、hERG心脏通道和CYP3A4酶的抑制。
以粗体字描述的结果比在WO07/020013中公开的化合物50得到的各结果改善至少2倍。
表2A
表2B
体外微粒体稳定性和通透性(CaCo-2细胞)
在10μM测定浓度下重复3次评价在不同种类的肝微粒体中(在NADPH的存在下,1mg/ml微粒体蛋白质)在37℃下随时间的代谢稳定性。母体化合物的丧失通过基于HPLC UV测定方法来测量。对于大鼠肝清除率的预测,通过由时间对%残留的斜率得到的一级速率常数k(分钟-1)来拟合半衰期(t1/2)。通过使用下列大鼠的比例因子,使用半衰期计算体外CLint并预测大鼠肝清除率:44.8mg微粒体蛋白/g肝,每kg体重40g肝重,55.2ml/分钟/kg肝血流。
对于CaCo-2通透性测试,将80.000CaCo-2细胞(ATCC HTB-37)接种到每24孔transwell板(Corning3397)补充10%FCS、1%青霉素/链霉素和1%非必需氨基酸的DMEM中,并通过每2天更换培养基使其生长21天。在第21天,将培养基替换成补充0.25%和1%BSA的HBSS缓冲剂(Invitrogen#14065),分别用于供体和受体室。将该化合物以3μM或5μM的浓度加入各供体室,并在37℃下温育2小时。使用API2000通过LC-MS分析学测定各化合物浓度。根据Sun和Pang2008,Drug Metabolism and Disposition36,102-123所述进行数据分析。
表3:在下两页所示的表3A和3B是化合物与人肝微粒体温育1小时之后的残留%的体外稳定性评价结果,以及通过测量化合物通过CaCo-2细胞层的流量预测的肠的通透性。
以粗体字描述的结果比在WO07/020013中公开的化合物50得到的各结果改善至少2倍。
表3A
表3B
Claims (27)
1.式(I)化合物用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于治疗或预防哺乳动物中由GHS受体介导的生理和/或病理生理病况
其中:
(A)
R1和R2彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、-NR11R12、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–C(O)NR9R10、-C(S)NR9R10;”;
残基R3和R4之一为氢原子,然而另一个残基选自“氢原子、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–烷基–O–芳基、–烷基–O–芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂芳基、–烷基–O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂环基、烷基–O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–芳基、–烷基–CO–芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂环基、–烷基–CO–杂环基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–NH2、–烷基–CO–OH、–烷基–NH2、–烷基–NH–C(NH)–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基、烷基–S–烷基、烷基–S–H”,其任选地在芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、-O-CF3、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R5选自“–C(S)烷基、–C(S)–环烷基、–C(S)–环烷基烷基、–C(S)–芳基、–C(S)–芳基烷基、–C(S)–杂芳基、–C(S)–杂芳基烷基、–C(S)–杂环基、–C(S)–杂环基烷基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–C(O)NR9R10、-C(S)NR9R10”;其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、-CF3、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、-NH2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R6选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基和环烷基烷基”;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基和杂芳基烷基”;
R11为“氢原子”,
R12彼此独立地选自“-C(O)H、-C(O)-烷基;–C(O)–环烷基、–C(O)–环烷基烷基、–C(O)–芳基、–C(O)–芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂芳基、–C(O)–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂环基、–C(O)–杂环基烷基”,
或
(B)
R1彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R2为“烷基”,其经至多2个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“芳基、杂芳基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、-C(O)NR9R10、-NR11R12“,且就芳基、杂芳基而言,所述烷基必须另外经–NR11R12取代;
残基R3和R4之一为氢原子,然而另一个残基选自“氢原子、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–烷基–O–芳基、–烷基–O–芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂芳基、–烷基–O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂环基、烷基–O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–芳基、–烷基–CO–芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂环基、–烷基–CO–杂环基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–NH2、–烷基–CO–OH、–烷基–NH2、–烷基–NH–C(NH)–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基、烷基–S–烷基、烷基–S–H”,其任选地在芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R5选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–CO–烷基、–CO–环烷基、–CO–环烷基烷基、–CO–芳基、–CO–芳基烷基、–CO–杂芳基、–CO–杂芳基烷基、–CO–杂环基、–CO–杂环基烷基、–CO–C*(R9R10)–NH2、–CO–CH2–C*(R9R10)–NH2、–CO–C*(R9R10)–CH2–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R6选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、天然氨基酸侧链、非天然氨基酸侧链”;
R11为“氢原子”;
R12彼此独立地选自“-C(O)H、-C(O)-烷基;–C(O)–环烷基、–C(O)–环烷基烷基、–C(O)–芳基、–C(O)–芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂芳基、–C(O)–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂环基、–C(O)–杂环基烷基”;
在(A)和(B)中
m为0、1或2;且
*意指当为手性时的R或S构型碳原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物的用途,其中根据(A)
R1和R2彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、-NR11R12、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–C(O)NR9R10、-C(S)NR9R10”;
残基R3和R4之一为氢原子,然而另一个残基选自“氢原子、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–烷基–O–芳基、–烷基–O–芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂芳基、–烷基–O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂环基、烷基–O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–芳基、–烷基–CO–芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂环基、–烷基–CO–杂环基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–NH2、–烷基–CO–OH、–烷基–NH2、–烷基–NH–C(NH)–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基、烷基–S–烷基、烷基–S–H”,其任选地在芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、-O-CF3、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R5选自“–C(S)烷基、–C(S)–环烷基、–C(S)–环烷基烷基、–C(S)–芳基、–C(S)–芳基烷基、–C(S)–杂芳基、–C(S)–杂芳基烷基、–C(S)–杂环基、–C(S)–杂环基烷基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–C(O)NR9R10、-C(S)NR9R10”;其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、-CF3、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、-NH2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、-OH、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R6选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基和环烷基烷基”;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基和杂芳基烷基”;
R11为“氢原子”;
R12彼此独立地选自“-C(O)H、-C(O)-烷基;–C(O)–环烷基、–C(O)–环烷基烷基、–C(O)–芳基、–C(O)–芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂芳基、–C(O)–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂环基、–C(O)–杂环基烷基”;
m为0、1或2;且
*意指当为手性时的R或S构型碳原子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物的用途,其中
根据(B)
R1彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R2为“烷基”,其经至多2个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“芳基、杂芳基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、-C(O)NR9R10、-NR11R12“,且就芳基、杂芳基而言,所述烷基必须另外经–NR11R12取代;
残基R3和R4之一为氢原子,然而另一个残基选自“氢原子、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–烷基–O–芳基、–烷基–O–芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂芳基、–烷基–O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–O–杂环基、烷基–O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–芳基、–烷基–CO–芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基、–烷基–CO–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–CO–杂环基、–烷基–CO–杂环基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基、–烷基–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–烷基–CO–NH2、–烷基–CO–OH、–烷基–NH2、–烷基–NH–C(NH)–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基、烷基–S–烷基、烷基–S–H”,其任选地在芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基中经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R5选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基、杂环基烷基、–CO–烷基、–CO–环烷基、–CO–环烷基烷基、–CO–芳基、–CO–芳基烷基、–CO–杂芳基、–CO–杂芳基烷基、–CO–杂环基、–CO–杂环基烷基、–CO–C*(R9R10)–NH2、–CO–CH2–C*(R9R10)–NH2、–CO–C*(R9R10)–CH2–NH2、烷基磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基烷基磺酰基”,其任选地经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R6选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基”;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、天然氨基酸侧链、非天然氨基酸侧链”;
R11为“氢原子”;
R12彼此独立地选自“-C(O)H、-C(O)-烷基;–C(O)–环烷基、–C(O)–环烷基烷基、–C(O)–芳基、–C(O)–芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂芳基、–C(O)–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂环基、–C(O)–杂环基烷基”;
m为0、1或2;且
*意指当为手性时的R或S构型碳原子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物的用途,其中R2为“烷基”,其经至多2个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“芳基、杂芳基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、-C(O)NR9R10、-NR11R12“,且就芳基、杂芳基而言,所述烷基必须另外经–NR11R12取代;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、天然氨基酸侧链、非天然氨基酸侧链”;
R11为“氢原子”,
R12彼此独立地选自“-C(O)H、-C(O)-烷基;–C(O)–环烷基、–C(O)–环烷基烷基、–C(O)–芳基、–C(O)–芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂芳基、–C(O)–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)–杂环基、–C(O)–杂环基烷基”。
5.根据权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物的用途,其中:
R5选自“–C(S)烷基、–C(S)–环烷基、–C(S)–环烷基烷基、–C(S)–芳基、–C(S)–芳基烷基、–C(S)–杂芳基、–C(S)–杂芳基烷基、–C(S)–杂环基、–C(S)–杂环基烷基、–C(O)O-烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基、–C(O)O–环烷基烷基、–C(O)O–芳基、–C(O)O–芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂芳基、–C(O)O–杂芳基烷基、–C(O)O–杂环基、–C(O)O–杂环基烷基、–C(O)NR9R10、-C(S)NR9R10”;其任选地在烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂环基和/或杂环基烷基经至多3个独立选自下列的取代基取代:“卤素、–F、–Cl、–Br、–I、–N3、–CN、-CF3、–NR7R8、–OH、–NO2、-NH2、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、-OH、–O–烷基、–O–芳基、–O–芳基烷基”;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基和环烷基烷基”;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自“氢原子、烷基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基和杂芳基烷基”。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述化合物选自:
化合物1 [5-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[(吡啶-3-羰基)-氨基]-乙基}-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙酸乙酯;
化合物2 N-[(R)-1-[5-氨基甲酰基甲基-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-烟酰胺;
化合物3 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物4 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物5 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物6 N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-羟基-乙酰胺;
化合物7 (S)-吗啉-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物8 N-[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-氨基-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物9 2-氨基-N-[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物10 N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-氨基-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物11 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物12 2-氨基-N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物13 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((S)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物14 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[1-甲酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物15 {(R)-1-[5-[2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-萘-2-基-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物16 1-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-3-异丙基-脲;
化合物17 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸异丁酯;
化合物18 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物19 1-苄基-3-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-脲;
化合物20 1-苄基-3-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-硫脲;
化合物21 [(R)-1-[4-(4-氟-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物22 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-异丙氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物23 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-甲基-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物24 [(R)-1-[4-(2,4-二甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物25 哌啶-4-硫代甲酸{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-酰胺;
化合物26 2-氨基-N-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-硫代乙酰胺;
化合物27 吡啶-2-硫代甲酸{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-酰胺;
及其生理学上可耐受的盐。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述治疗通过调节GHS受体实现。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述化合物为GHS受体拮抗剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其中所述GHS受体拮抗剂选自:化合物1-24、26和/或化合物27。
10.根据权利要求1至6中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述化合物为GHS受体激动剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用途,其中所述GHS受体激动剂选自:化合物25。
12.根据权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述化合物为GHS受体反向激动剂。
13.根据权利要求1至7中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述化合物为GHS受体部分激动剂/拮抗剂。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物选自“人类、家养动物、牛、家畜、宠物、奶牛、绵羊、猪、山羊、马、矮马、驴子、驴骡、骡、野兔、家兔、猫、狗、豚鼠、仓鼠、大鼠、小鼠”,并且优选的是人类。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述GHS受体选自“GHS1型受体、GHS-R1a、GHS-R1b、促胃动素受体、胃动素受体1a、神经降压素受体、TRH受体、GPR38(FM1)、GPR39(FM2)、FM3、GHS-R亚型、GHS结合部位、心脏GHS-R、乳房GHS-R”,优选选自“GHS1型受体、GHS-R1a、GHS-R1b”,并且最优选的是GHS-R1a。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述生理和/或病理生理病况选自“选择性手术后的急性疲劳综合征和肌肉丧失、脂肪生成、脂肪过多、年龄相关的胸腺功能下降、在老人中与年龄相关的功能下降("ARFD")、在伴侣动物中的衰老障碍、酒精相关障碍、阿尔茨海默病、厌食症(例如与恶病质或衰老相关的);焦虑、血压(降低)、体重增加/减少、骨折修复(加速)、骨重塑刺激、由于例如癌或AIDS的慢性疾病引起的恶病质和蛋白质丧失减少、心脏功能障碍(例如与心瓣膜病、心肌梗死、心脏肥大或充血性心力衰竭相关的)、心肌病、软骨生长刺激、与肺功能障碍和呼吸机依赖相关的分解代谢障碍、糖皮质激素的分解代谢副作用、衰老的分解代谢状态、中枢神经系统障碍(与抗抑郁药组合)、慢性透析、慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)、认知功能改善(例如在痴呆、阿尔茨海默病中)、复杂骨折(例如牵张成骨术)、与移植相关的并发症、充血性心力衰竭(单独/与促皮质激素释放因子拮抗剂组合)、Crohn病和溃疡性结肠炎、Cushing综合征、痴呆、抑郁、药物滥用、能量平衡的短期、中期和/或长期调节、食物摄取的短期、中期和/或长期调节(刺激和/或抑制)、奖赏食物的摄取、虚弱(例如在老年人中)、胃切除术(生长素释放肽替代治疗)、胃术后肠梗阻、血糖控制改善、在老年人中的生长激素释放刺激、在应激患者中的生长激素替代、在家畜中的生长促进、与Prader-Willi综合征和Turner综合征相关的生长迟缓、与Crohn病相关的生长迟缓、生长迟缓、毛发/指(趾)甲生长维持、髋骨折、饥饿、皮质醇增多症、包括胰岛细胞增生症的高胰岛素血症、低温症、在具有降低的T4/T8细胞比率的个体中的免疫缺陷、对疫苗接种的免疫反应改善、在伴侣动物中的免疫系统刺激、免疫系统刺激、在免疫抑制患者中的免疫抑制、炎症或炎性效应、炎性肠病、在心脏中的胰岛素抵抗、在2型糖尿病患者中的胰岛素抵抗、包括NIDDM的胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、子宫内生长迟缓、肠易激综合征、脂肪代谢障碍(例如HIV-诱导的)、代谢体内平衡维持、在家畜中奶产生增加、肌肉质量/强度增加、肌肉运动性改善、肌肉强度改善、在老年人中的肌肉强度/功能维持、肌肉萎缩、肌肉骨骼损伤(例如在老年人中)、Noonan综合征、与肥胖症相关的肥胖症和生长迟缓、成骨细胞刺激、骨软骨发育不良、骨质疏松症、排卵诱导(辅助治疗)、包括生长激素缺乏儿童的生理身材矮小症、术后肠梗阻、大手术/创伤后的蛋白质分解代谢反应衰减、蛋白质激酶B活性增强、心理社会剥夺、肺功能障碍和呼吸机依赖、肺功能改善、脉动性生长激素释放诱导、烧伤患者恢复和减少烧伤患者的住院(促进)、源自生长迟缓的肾衰竭或功能不全、在虚弱老人中的肾动态平衡维持、少肌症、精神分裂症、感觉功能维持(例如听觉、视觉、嗅觉和味觉)、短肠综合征、与慢性病相关的身材矮小症、骨骼发育不良、皮肤厚度维持、睡眠障碍、睡眠质量改善、血小板减少症、胸腺发育刺激、牙齿修复或生长、肿瘤细胞增殖、心室功能障碍或再灌注事件、与AIDS相关的消瘦、与慢性肝病相关的消瘦、与慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)相关的消瘦、与多发性硬化或其它神经变性障碍相关的消瘦、骨折后的消瘦、在绵羊中的羊毛生长刺激、创伤愈合(加速)和/或创伤愈合延迟”。
17.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中所述生理和/或病理生理病况选自“酒精相关障碍;药物滥用;生长迟缓、恶病质、能量平衡的短期、中期和/或长期调节;食物摄取的短期、中期和/或长期调节(刺激和/或抑制);奖赏食物的摄取;脂肪生成、脂肪过多和/或肥胖症;体重增加和/或减少;糖尿病、I型糖尿病、II型糖尿病、肿瘤细胞增殖;炎症、炎性效应、胃术后肠梗阻、术后肠梗阻和/或胃切除术(生长素释放肽替代治疗)”。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述这类药物包含至少一种另外的药理活性物质。
19.根据权利要求18所述的用途,其中所述这类药物包括GHS受体拮抗剂和作为另外的药理活性物质的内源性大麻素受体拮抗剂,优选的是CB1受体拮抗剂,最优选的是利莫那班[5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-N-1-哌啶基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺单盐酸盐]。
20.根据权利要求1至19中任何一项所述的用途,其中所述药物在治疗之前和/或期间和/或之后与至少一种另外的药理活性物质一起应用。
21.根据权利要求20所述的用途,其中所述药物包含GHS受体拮抗剂且所述另外的药理活性物质是内源性大麻素受体拮抗剂,优选的是CB1受体拮抗剂,最优选的是利莫那班[5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-N-1-哌啶基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺单盐酸盐]。
22.三唑化合物,其选自:
化合物1 [5-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[(吡啶-3-羰基)-氨基]-乙基}-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙酸乙酯;
化合物2 N-[(R)-1-[5-氨基甲酰基甲基-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-烟酰胺;
化合物3 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物4 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物5 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物6 N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-羟基-乙酰胺;
化合物7 (S)-吗啉-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物8 N-[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-氨基-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物9 2-氨基-N-[(R)-1-[5-[(R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物10 N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-氨基-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物11 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[1-乙酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物12 2-氨基-N-[(R)-1-[5-((R)-1-甲酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-2-甲基-丙酰胺;
化合物13 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-((S)-1-乙酰氨基-2-苯基-乙基)-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物14 吡啶-2-甲酸[(R)-1-[5-[1-甲酰氨基-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-酰胺;
化合物15 {(R)-1-[5-[2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-萘-2-基-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物16 1-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-3-异丙基-脲;
化合物17 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸异丁酯;
化合物18 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物19 1-苄基-3-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-脲;
化合物20 1-苄基-3-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-硫脲;
化合物21 [(R)-1-[4-(4-氟-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物22 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-异丙氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物23 {(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-甲基-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物24 [(R)-1-[4-(2,4-二甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯;
化合物25 哌啶-4-硫代甲酸{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-酰胺;
化合物26 2-氨基-N-{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-硫代乙酰胺;
化合物27 吡啶-2-硫代甲酸{(R)-2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-[4-(4-甲氧基-苄基)-5-苯乙基-4H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-基]-乙基}-酰胺;
及其生理学上可耐受的盐。
23.一种药物组合物,其包含药理活性量的如权利要求22所述的至少一种化合物。
24.根据权利要求23所述的药物组合物,其中所述活性成分以每千克患者体重0.001mg至100mg的单位剂量存在。
25.根据权利23至24中任何一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述组合物另外包含至少一种药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。
26.根据权利要求23至25中任何一项所述的药物组合物,其中所述组合物包含至少一种另外的药理活性物质。
27.根据权利要求26所述的药物组合物,其中所述另外的药理活性物质是内源性大麻素受体拮抗剂,优选的是CB1受体拮抗剂,最优选的是利莫那班[5-(4-氯苯基)-1-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-甲基-N-1-哌啶基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺单盐酸盐]。
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US38339210P | 2010-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | |
US61/383,392 | 2010-09-16 | ||
EP10177105.3 | 2010-09-16 | ||
EP10177105A EP2431035A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | Novel Triazole Derivatives with Improved Receptor Activity and Bioavailability Properties as Ghrelin Antagonists of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptors |
PCT/EP2011/066057 WO2012035124A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-16 | Novel triazole derivatives with improved receptor activity and bioavailability properties as ghrelin antagonists of growth hormone secretagogue receptors |
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US (1) | US8546435B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2431035A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103249414B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR083160A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2667063T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1185567A1 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO2616070T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2616070T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT2616070T (zh) |
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Cited By (2)
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CN104829547A (zh) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南华腾制药有限公司 | 一种取代三唑化合物的制备方法 |
CN108339156A (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-31 | 上海市第六人民医院 | 去细胞甲床的制备方法以及组织工程化甲床的构建方法 |
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AU2008232709C1 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2015-01-15 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Stitched polypeptides |
SI2603600T1 (sl) | 2010-08-13 | 2019-04-30 | Aileron Therapeutics, Inc. | Peptidomimetični makrocikli |
TWI643868B (zh) | 2011-10-18 | 2018-12-11 | 艾利倫治療公司 | 擬肽巨環化合物 |
KR102112373B1 (ko) | 2012-02-15 | 2020-05-18 | 에일러론 테라퓨틱스 인코포레이티드 | 펩티드모방체 마크로사이클 |
US8987414B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2015-03-24 | Aileron Therapeutics, Inc. | Triazole-crosslinked and thioether-crosslinked peptidomimetic macrocycles |
AU2013337388B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2018-08-02 | Aileron Therapeutics, Inc. | Disubstituted amino acids and methods of preparation and use thereof |
US9340578B2 (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2016-05-17 | Syracuse University | Inhibitors targeting human ghrelin O-acyltransferase |
WO2016049359A1 (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2016-03-31 | Aileron Therapeutics, Inc. | Peptidomimetic macrocycles and uses thereof |
MX2017011834A (es) | 2015-03-20 | 2018-04-11 | Aileron Therapeutics Inc | Macrociclos peptidomimeticos y usos de los mismos. |
EP4218757A1 (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2023-08-02 | Kyungpook National University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation | Use of triazole compound as ghrelin receptor agonist |
WO2022251219A1 (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-12-01 | The United States Government As Represented By The Department Of Veterans Affairs | Compositions and methods for treating muscle loss |
CN115109856A (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-27 | 兰州大学 | 与绵羊阶段体重相关的分子标记、其检测方法及应用 |
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- 2011-09-16 WO PCT/EP2011/066057 patent/WO2012035124A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-09-16 ES ES11757614.0T patent/ES2667063T3/es active Active
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- 2011-09-16 NO NO11757614A patent/NO2616070T3/no unknown
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Cited By (3)
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CN104829547A (zh) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-08-12 | 湖南华腾制药有限公司 | 一种取代三唑化合物的制备方法 |
CN108339156A (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-31 | 上海市第六人民医院 | 去细胞甲床的制备方法以及组织工程化甲床的构建方法 |
CN108339156B (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-10-30 | 上海市第六人民医院 | 去细胞甲床的制备方法以及组织工程化甲床的构建方法 |
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WO2012035124A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
CN103249414B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
ES2667063T3 (es) | 2018-05-09 |
EP2431035A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
NO2616070T3 (zh) | 2018-07-14 |
PT2616070T (pt) | 2018-05-14 |
US8546435B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
PL2616070T3 (pl) | 2018-09-28 |
US20120083494A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
AR083160A1 (es) | 2013-02-06 |
TWI603967B (zh) | 2017-11-01 |
EP2616070B1 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
TW201305133A (zh) | 2013-02-01 |
HK1185567A1 (zh) | 2014-02-21 |
EP2616070A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
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