CN103238491A

CN103238491A - Method for controlling orchard field weeds

Info

Publication number: CN103238491A
Application number: CN2013101876070A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韦军; 吴自然; 杨飞; 王璘
Original assignee: Yangzhou University
Current assignee: Yangzhou University
Priority date: 2013-05-20
Filing date: 2013-05-20
Publication date: 2013-08-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel low-cost, simple and practical method for safely and effectively controlling orchard field weeds of pollution-free or green fruit production bases. According to the method, the ground under fruit trees is covered by silver black functional mulching films at the proper time selected from the growth period according to differences of tree ages or fruiting conditions, so that ground weed growth can be effectively prevented, the orchard ground reflection light intensity can be greatly improved, the soil moisture evaporation is reduced, the soil temperature in summer is reduced, and damage of piercing-sucking mouthpart pests such as aphids and red spiders can be prevented.

Description

A kind of orchard weeds in field control method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the fruit tree tree new method of management down, relate in particular to method nuisanceless or safety and efficient control are carried out in the green fruit production base to the orchard weeds.Background technology

The orchard weeds not only fight for nutrient and moisture with fruit tree, it also is one of main vector of fruit tree diseases and pests, weeds control is the orchard management of area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, particularly one of the important process of orchard management childhood and main expenditure of cost, at present, two kinds of methods of the main employing of orchard weeds control in the production, the one, artificial weeding, the 2nd, spraying herbicide, annual every mu of 10～12 workers of labour's average out to that are used for artificial weeding in orchard, area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, amount to about 280～360 yuan of RMB, if employing chemical weed control, annual expenditure artificial and weed killer herbicide can be reduced to 120～160 yuan every mu, because restriction nuisanceless or that green fruit production is used weed killer herbicide, particularly weed killer herbicide is long-term, the a large amount of use very easily produces harmful effect to fruit tree growth and orchard environment.Therefore, lacking safe, practical, clean and efficient weeds control technology is to cause orchard, area, the present Yangtze river basin to be gone into operation late, one of key factor that fruit poor stability and quality descend had a strong impact on the raising of fruit growing benefit, dampened the enthusiasm that the peasant is developed production of fruit trees.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of with low cost, easy to operate, safe and practical orchard method of weed control.

Technical scheme of the present invention is in fruit tree growth season, and namely the main growth period of orchard weeds adopts the black function mulch film of silver that the tree dish is carried out ground and covers, and suppresses weed growth.Childhood, the coverage period in orchard was mid-April～early October, and the coverage period of bearing orchard generally finishes back mid-May to early October at flower and fruit thinning and fruit bagging, this ground film-strength height, and anti-trample does not influence the normal management operation in orchard after the covering.

Need before covering to carry out smooth to tree dish ground, fully pour water, remove hard objects such as soil surface stone, branch, prevent from when mulch film is walked about, damaging mulch film after the plastic mulching, having under the drip irrigation facility condition, the method that mulch film can adopt full garden to cover, the mulch film silver gray faces up, for preventing strong wind to the damage of mulch film, soil or fragment of brick capping need be used in the mulch film edge; Pack up mulch film after early October, keep in Dark Place, every mu of all standing mulch film consumption is 12.5 ㎏, 180 yuan of costs are because this mulch film can use 2 years continuously, so 90 yuan of annual every mu of mulch film purchase commoditys, add 60 yuan of recruitment costs laying and reclaim mulch film, the cost of this technology weeds control only is 150 yuan for annual every mu, and is basic identical with the chemical weed control cost, reduces expenditure more than 100 yuan than artificial weeding.

As to further announcement of the present invention because mulch film silver gray face has the effect of reflection ray, lay this mulch film after the comparable contrast of ground return light intensity daily increase more than 2 times, be conducive to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of tree crown lower blade; The temperature that high temperature season also can reduce the face of land and the following 20cm in the face of land reaches about 2 ℃, can effectively suppress the summer high temperature arid to the harmful effect of fruit tree root growth, reduces soil water evaporation; Simultaneously, the silver gray face has repellent action to the orchard sucking pest, after the plastic mulching, can reduce the harm of aphid and two spotted spider mite, can reduce by 1～2 insecticide the whole year and use.

The present invention solves is the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River from different places in the green or nuisanceless fruit production process of land occupation condition, the safety of orchard weeds and efficient control method.The characteristics that not only have simple and practical, easy popularization, cost are low and weeds control is reliable for effect, also helping increases orchard illumination, the harm of control sucking mouth parts insect, alleviation soil high temperature in summer improve the whole ecotope in orchard to the inhibition of fruit tree root growth.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that use in field, orchard of the present invention.

Embodiment

The invention will be further described below by embodiment.The black function mulch film of silver of the present invention can be bought in market, and is used from the production of Wuxi Mi Keduo company, thickness 0.03mm～0.05mm in the present embodiment.

Embodiment 1

Main breed is nectarine kind Kingsoft red and white phoenix of honey peach kind early, the stock wild peach, life in 1 year, seeding row spacing 3m * 5m, outdoor cropping, spindle shaped training, winter base manure cow dung 50 ㎏+colza cake 5 ㎏/strain.The peach budding period in 2011 (early March) is in conjunction with imposing rudiment fertilizer (urea 100g/ strain), intertillage is loosened the soil to tree dish soil, meticulous smooth, remove hard objects such as soil surface stone, branch, fully pour water, except drain ditch in the field, carry out full garden mould earth coverage effect contrast with the black function mulch film of silver (handling I, 50 mu) and common unregistered land film (handling II, 10 mu) respectively, the junction is tight with earth mulch between film periphery and film, and film is silver grey when laying the black function mulch film of silver face up (Fig. 1).The comparative trial effect is found: lay film processing field, common unregistered land piece rear film mid-May and begin crawling, the cracking place progressively enlarges and weeds occur, after late June, common unregistered land film is broken in a large number, control weeds function is total loss almost, peach in the ranks and weedy between strain, respectively at having carried out twice early July and mid-August artificial weeding, after mid-November, peach was fallen leaves, measured 100 strain peach at random apart from ground 20cm place trunk rugosity, average diameter is 2.7cm, handle every mu of weeds of II control cost for: common unregistered land film is purchased 57 yuan, mulch film is laid with 30 yuan of expensess of labour, and twice artificial weeding amounts to 287 yuan with 200 yuan of expensess of labour; Lay the black function mulch film field of silver piece to mid-October, film does not shrink crack performance, and remaining full garden does not have the weeds state, reclaims mulch film after mid-October, and the film of the folding arrangement every mu of use in back is shallow embedding and field, place block edge respectively, the preservation of sheltering from heat or light.After mid-November, peach was fallen leaves, 100 strain peach have been measured at random apart from ground 20cm place trunk rugosity, average diameter is 3.1cm, increased by 15% than handling II field piece peach diameter, handle every mu of weeds of I control cost for: the function mulch film is purchased 90 yuan, 60 yuan of recruitments are laid and reclaimed to mulch film, amounts to 150 yuan.2012 at identical field piece, the function mulch film that utilized reclaimed last year continues to use 1 year, though film experience in once visited place is laid and 1 removal process for 2 times, there is mechanical disrepair phenomenon the part, but as long as with soil block or stone breakage is covered, the phenomenon that fragmentation or breakage increase can not take place in mulch film, and weeds control effect is not seen significant difference with new film.

Embodiment 2

Main breed is Chinese pear kind abundance of water, stock beans pears, life in 10 years, seeding row spacing 5m * 4m, the frame cultivation, behind the fallen flowers 3 weeks (late April) fruit thinning, treat main flower and fruit management end-of-job such as bagging about mid-May after, intertillage is loosened the soil to the tree dish, meticulous smooth, remove hard objects such as soil surface stone, branch, fully pour water, except drain ditch in the field, carrying out full garden mould earth with the black function mulch film of silver covers, the junction is tight with earth mulch between film periphery and film, and film is silver grey during laying faces up, and lays 150 mu altogether; Contrast is laying plastic not, adopts artificial weeding to control weeds, 5 mu of areas.The comparative trial effect shows: contrast field piece early June is weedy, carried out artificial weeding 3 times respectively at mid-June, mid-July and late August, for anti-eliminate aphis, worm is joined by army and two spotted spider mite, go and buy Chinese medicine 3 times, for guaranteeing the moisture supply, early August pours water 1 time in full garden, during winter pruning, be 6.7cm apart from ground 20cm place trunk average diameter, average new-tip length 53.4cm(12 measures the middle of the month), it is artificial 300 yuan of weeding expensess of labour that every mu of weeds are controlled cost; Lay the black function mulch film field of silver piece until early October, ground is in no weeds state all the time, for anti-eliminate aphis, worm is joined by army and two spotted spider mite, go and buy Chinese medicine 1 time, because the water retention of mulch film, not carrying out full garden pours water, during winter pruning, be 6.9cm apart from ground 20cm place trunk average diameter, average new-tip length 59.7cm(12 measures the middle of the month), increase by 3% and 12% than contrast field piece respectively, every mu of weeds are controlled cost and purchase 90 yuan for the function mulch film, and mulch film is laid and reclaimed with 60 yuan of expensess of labour, amounts to 150 yuan, early October is reclaimed mulch film, indoor the keeping in Dark Place in folding arrangement back.2012 at identical field piece, the function mulch film that utilized preserved last year continues to use 1 year, though film experience in once visited place is laid and 1 removal process for 2 times, there is mechanical disrepair phenomenon the part, but after with soil block or stone breakage being covered, the phenomenon that fragmentation or breakage increase can not take place in mulch film, and weeds control effect is not seen significant difference with new film.

Claims

1. an orchard weeds in field control method is characterized in that, in fruit tree growth season, namely the main growth period of orchard weeds adopts the black function mulch film of silver that the tree dish is carried out ground and covers, and suppresses weed growth.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, childhood, the plastic film mulching periods in orchard was mid-April～early October, and the coverage period of bearing orchard finishes back mid-May to early October at flower and fruit thinning and fruit bagging.