CN1032272C - 管接头 - Google Patents
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- CN1032272C CN1032272C CN93100433A CN93100433A CN1032272C CN 1032272 C CN1032272 C CN 1032272C CN 93100433 A CN93100433 A CN 93100433A CN 93100433 A CN93100433 A CN 93100433A CN 1032272 C CN1032272 C CN 1032272C
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- 108010022579 ATP dependent 26S protease Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
- F16L21/08—Joints with sleeve or socket with additional locking means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L17/00—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure
- F16L17/02—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket
- F16L17/04—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket with longitudinally split or divided sleeve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
- F16L21/002—Sleeves or nipples for pipes of the same diameter; Reduction pieces
- F16L21/005—Sleeves or nipples for pipes of the same diameter; Reduction pieces made of elastic material, e.g. partly or completely surrounded by clamping devices
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
- Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Joints With Sleeves (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Optical Head (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
Abstract
管接头有可收缩外壳,其中设置具有C型截面和相对延伸的密封唇的弹性密封套筒。将具有U型截面并具有缝隙的曲折型弹簧环插入对应的环形槽中以便把密封唇支靠在套管杆上。当外壳收缩时,套筒在圆周方向颠倒,并使密封唇支靠在管壁上。同时,由于缝隙的宽度减小使弹簧环收缩。通过弹簧环将密封唇支撑在一大面积区域,避免套筒的材料流入和流过缝隙。在密封唇上突出的弹簧支脚完全避免了隆起粘结到套筒杆上。
Description
本发明涉及一种管接头。该管接头具有C型截面的弹性体密封套筒,借助于弹簧环将套筒的相互相对延伸的密封唇支撑在套筒杆上,该套筒由外壳封闭并且通过控板可以收缩,并且借助于插在套筒和外壳之间并且搭接了外壳中纵向间隙的插板,使套筒的密封唇在压缩外壳之前相对待连接的管的标称直径(D)留有一个余量,并且在压缩外壳时密封唇能够颠倒过来,并且在弹簧环施加的压力作用下,密封唇能够被压缩,可靠地靠在管壁上,其中弹簧环具有U型截面,它们的弹簧杆将面对对应的密封唇根部的弹簧支脚接合在一起,将弹簧环放置在位于套筒杆和密封唇之间的环形槽内并且具有缝隙,缝隙从两个弹簧支脚的边界辐射状伸出,它们相互搭接并且在压缩外壳时可以变窄直至一个预先规定的最小缝隙宽度以便在一个大面积区域上支撑密封唇。
这种类型的管接头公开于DE-A-2731465或对应的US--4,119,333。借助干预先张紧在圆周方向的盘绕弹簧,将C型截面的弹性体密封套筒的相互相对延伸的密封唇支靠在套筒杆上。密封唇的这种结构限制了这种管接头的可允许的工作温度,因为在极高的温度下,除了压缩外壳时套筒的压力膨胀外,热膨胀还要起作用,这种热膨胀将使套筒材料在盘绕弹簧的盘圈之间发生流动从而产生一种危险状态。虽然该盘绕弹簧环至少能部分均衡套筒材料的这种膨胀和收缩,但套筒材料在极高工作温度和长期压力作用下的流动却可能导致管接头在随后被冷却到低温、低压下的密封能力的降低。
在例如DE-A-2428101或相应的US-A-3,877,733公开的管接头情况下,密封唇是由指向套筒杆的隆起支撑的。在这种类型的套筒结构中,肯定可以避免在长期的压力作用下和高工作温度下的材料流动,但却存在着密封唇粘结到隆起上的危险情况,这种情况可能妨碍针对相应的工作条件采用最佳的套筒。
在这种现有技术的基础上,本发明的一个目的是改进这种普通类型的管接头,使它能适合于使用在较高工作温度下。
使普通类型的管接头具有如下特征,就可实现这一目的。该管接头的特征是具有C型截面的弹性体密封套筒,借助于弹簧环将套筒的相互相对延伸的密封唇支撑在套筒杆上,该套筒由外壳封闭并且通过控板可以收缩,并且借助于插在套筒和外壳之间并且搭接了外壳中纵向间隙的插板,使套筒的密封唇在压缩外壳之前相对待连接的管的标称直径(D)留有一个余量,并且在压缩外壳时密封唇能够颠倒过来,并且在弹簧环施加的压力作用下,密封唇能够被压缩,可靠地靠在管壁上,其中弹簧环具有U型截面,它们的弹簧杆将面对对应的密封唇根部的弹簧支脚接合在一起,将弹簧环放置在位于套筒杆和密封唇之间的环形槽内并且具有缝隙,缝隙从两个弹簧支脚的边界辐射状伸出,它们相互搭接并且在压缩外壳时可以变窄直至一个预先规定的最小缝隙宽度以便在一个大面积区域上枝撑密封唇。
具有U型截面并且因有缝隙而呈曲折状的弹簧环支撑着密封唇,弹簧环本身当套筒由于外壳收缩而颠倒过来时在一个大的面积区域被支靠在套筒杆上。特别是沿横过弹簧支脚的方向,即沿圆周方向,弹簧环受压弯曲。当外壳受压时,缝隙沿圆周方向收缩至一个极小值,并且在密封套筒由于受热而体积变大时该缝隙尺寸进一步减小。但缝隙决不会因收缩而完全闭拢,因此环形槽内压力总是等于管内介质的压力。因而该弹簧环总是以最佳状态适应于各种相应的工作条件。尤其是,缝隙随着密封套筒的压力膨胀和热膨胀的增加而收缩,使膨胀很大的情况下也能将密封唇基本上都支撑在整个区域上,并且没有任何一点密封材料会流过极窄的缝隙。由于弹簧环在径向可变形,并且这种变形遍及整个圆周方向,因此弹簧环使在工作期间的温度差引起的体积变化得以均衡。
在按如下特征的本发明的管接头的特别优选的实施例中,消除了密封唇粘结到套筒杆上的任何危险。所述管接头的特征是至少一个分配给密封唇的弹簧支脚并且最好是弹簧支脚从环形槽轴向突出出来并且伸出在密封唇的自由端的上方。
本发明主题的其它优选实施例都在如下特征中体现。根据本发明其特征包括:
1、密封唇在外壳受压时借助于隆起支撑在套筒杆上,隆起支靠在在密封唇端部上突出的弹簧支脚上。
2、隆起在密封唇的端部形成并且指向面对套筒杆那一侧的所说密封唇;并且其中分配给密封唇的弹簧支脚围绕着隆起。
3、圆形的环形肋的内侧指向套筒杆,环形肋配合在环形槽上方,带有间隙。
4、弹簧环的形状为一个有开口的环。
下面参照附图中所示的说明性的实施例较详细地描述本发明,附图中所示的纯属示意形式,其中:
图1和图2分别表示本发明的管接头的平面图和侧视图,以及部分剖视图;
图3和图4表示本发明的部分管接头的纵向剖面和放大视图,分别表示在将该管接头装配到待接管道的前、后的情况;以及
图5表示部分弹簧环的平面图。
如图1和2所示的外壳10沿其长度方向分裂开,并且具有一个圆柱形的外壳套管12和一个向内弯曲的径向端壁14。接通外壳间隙16的一个平直的插板18支靠在外壳套管12的内侧。插板18相对于外壳间隙16排齐,自然要使插板18的纵向间隙不在外壳间隙16区,但在径向最好在间隙16的对面。
管接头还有两个截头锥形的夹紧环20,确定夹紧环20的形状和结构,使环20沿外壳10的纵向中心方向向内收拢,并且使环20能通过它们在外壳10内的外部边界22固定在外壳套管12和对应的端壁14之间的窄缝处。夹紧环20的内部边界区,有多个由狭缝状凹槽26形成的窄隙28。这些窄隙28的自由端30即形成了一个里卡爪,将卡爪设计成能埋入待接管道外表面内并在这卡紧管道。
在由外壳10、插板18、和夹紧环20限定的空间内,设置一个C型截面的连续的弹性体密封套筒32,套筒32借助于它的套筒杆34支靠在插板18或外壳套管12上,并且套筒32的密封唇36相互相对延伸。每个套筒32的前面38都由一个支撑环40覆盖,支撑环40能防止套筒32在较高的温度和压力下移入夹紧环20的凹槽26内。
但在由套筒杆34、所说的密封唇36、以及密封唇的根部37所确定的环形槽42内,存在着一个U型截面的曲折状弹簧环44,以便将密封唇36支靠在套筒杆34上。
外壳10有一个挡板46,挡板46包括焊接到外壳10上的夹紧舌片48、具有U型截面并且由所说夹紧舌片包围的夹紧杆50、带有螺帽53的夹紧螺栓52。在图1至图3所示的状态下,要使管接头的净宽度(外壳10、套筒32、插板18、夹紧环20、支撑环40、弹簧环44)与在任何情况下相对于图3箭头D所示的管54的外径都留有余量的条件完全相符,这样一拉管接头就可在一个管54上轻松地滑动,并且在安置了管54之后,该管接头还能滑向另一个管的端部。通过紧固夹紧螺栓52,就可以减小外壳10的内径,像管箍的情况一样;同时,减小了外壳间隙16,并且插板18逐渐挤入外壳10内。在这种情况下,套筒32是在圆周方向倒立的,弹簧环44和指向密封唇36的隆起56使密封唇36宽松地靠向管壁55,如图4所示。同时,具有开放端的夹紧环20也进行收缩,设计环20的结构形状,使在外壳10全部压缩时环20形成一个近似的圆圈。因此在外壳10收缩时,窄隙28的自由端边缘30由于通过夹紧环20靠在外壳10上得到的轴向和径向支撑而被固定在管壁55内。因而,管接头不仅固定到管54上,而且由于(例如)通过管道介质的内部压力产生的轴向压力,也能防止管54从管接头中滑出来。在图3和图4中,在每种情况下仅表示出管接头的一个端区,当然与其轴向相对的另一个端区具有完全相同的结构和功能。
如图3清晰可见,隆起56在面对套筒杆34那一侧靠近自由端的密封唇36的那一端区指向密封唇36,使环形槽42是下部凹陷型的槽。
具有连续形状和U型截面的弹簧环44有一个弹簧径向内支脚68,一个弹簧径向外支脚70、以及一个将两个支脚连在一起的弹簧杆72。当将弹簧环44插入环形槽42时,弹簧杆72支靠在基座区64上,并且当在轴向观察时弹簧径向外支脚70在和密封唇36几乎相同的高度处终止。但面向密封唇36的弹簧内支脚68在轴向较长,从密封唇34上方的环形槽42上突出出来。弹簧外支脚70支靠在套筒杆34上的一个大面积区域上。弹簧杆72弯曲的角度大于180°,最好为210°左右,弹簧径向内支脚68有一个反方向的曲率,使其能部分地围绕着密封唇36的隆起56。因此弹簧44能在外壳10收缩时(图4)防止密封唇36或隆起56与套筒杆34发生接触,并且能防止密封唇36在高温时与所说套筒杆发生粘结或硫化。
弹簧环44有多个缝隙74,当从圆周方向观察时,缝隙74交替地从弹簧内支脚68的边界69以及从弹簧外支脚70的边界71辐射状伸出并在弹簧杆72区重叠起来,这种情况由图5清晰可见。因此弹簧环44展示出曲折的形状,并且可沿圆周方向倒立起来。
选择弹簧环44的尺寸,使在没有固定外壳10时环44在环形槽42内不受预张力作用(图3)。当外壳10收缩时,缝隙74的宽度由于弹簧环44的倒立的结果而发生类似的收缩。现在选择缝隙74的宽度,使在固定外壳10时缝隙74的宽度减小到预定的缝隙宽度、但缝隙依旧存在,确定该最小缝隙宽度的依据是,在最高可允许的工作温度下由于热膨胀进一步缩小了缝隙,现在已缩小的环形槽42仍旧与位于隆起56另一侧的空间沟通,就此而论该缝隙74依旧存在着。弹簧环44的这种结构在最大可能的区域用隆起56将密封唇36支靠在套筒杆34上。
预先设置在环形槽42前方并与槽42叠置在一起的环形肋76指向套筒杆34,这些环形肋一方面在无压状态下或真空中能避免环形肋本身从插板18脱开,并且在另一方面使弹簧环44不可能偶然地从环形槽42滑出。
不管套筒32的弹性体材料是否老化,密封唇36总是能通过弹簧环44保持固定,可靠地支靠在管壁54上。即使在管54内和在管接头的内部(经管接头接到所说管上)处于可能的真空状态,也总是上述这种情况。由于避免了在高温时密封唇36粘结到套筒杆34上和套筒32的材料流失,所以对本发明的管接头而言,允许使用比现有的管接头更高的工作温度。
自然也可以想像得到,可以仅使弹簧径向外支脚在密封唇36上突出出来,或者使两个弹簧支脚都在密封唇36上突出出来。还可能形成面向套筒杆的支撑相对的密封唇的隆起。还可以想到,隆起侧的弹簧支脚在该隆起之前终止,使外壳受压时隆起逐渐支靠在另一个较长的弹簧支脚上。
可以将弹簧环制成一个封闭的环,或者制成一个有开口的包括曲折形片的环,该环的端部或者相互重叠,或者在管接头受张力的状态下相互对接。后一个实施例便利于将弹簧环装配到套筒内。此外,在这种情况下可能极大地节省材料的成本。
Claims (6)
1.一种管接头,具有C型截面的弹性体密封套筒(32),其特征在于借助于位于套筒杆(34)和与相应的密封唇根部(37)连接的密封唇(36)之间的环形槽(42)中的弹簧环(44)将套筒的相互相对延伸的密封唇(36)支撑在套筒杆(34)上,该套筒由外壳(10)封闭并且通过挡板(46)可以收缩,并且借助于插在套筒(32)和外壳(10)之间并且搭接了外壳(10)中纵向间隙(16)的插板(18),使套筒(32)的密封唇(36)在压缩外壳(10)之前相对待连接的管(54)的标称直径(D)留有一个余量,并且在压缩外壳(10)时密封唇(36)能够颠倒过来,并且在弹簧环(44)施加的压力作用下,密封唇(36)能够被压缩,可靠地靠在管壁(55)上,其中弹簧环(44)具有U型截面,它们的弹簧杆(72)将面对对应的密封唇根部(37)的弹簧支脚(68,70)接合在一起,并且具有缝隙(74),缝隙(74)从两个弹簧支脚(68,70)的边界(69,71)辐射状伸出,它们相互搭接并且在压缩外壳时可以变窄直至一个预先规定的最小缝隙宽度以便在一个大面积区域上支撑密封唇(36)。
2.如权利要求1所述的管接头,其特征是在至少一个分配给密封唇(36)的弹簧支脚,并且最好是弹簧支脚(68)从环形槽(42)上轴向突出出来并且伸出在密封唇(36)的自由端的上方。
3.如权利要求2所述的管接头,其特征是密封唇(36)在外壳(10)受压时借助于隆起(56)支撑在套筒杆(34)上,隆起(56)支靠在在密封唇(36)端部上突出的弹簧支脚(68)上。
4.如权利要求3所述的管接头,其特征是隆起(56)在密封唇(36)的端部形成并且指向面对套筒杆(34)那一侧的所说密封唇;并且其中分配给密封唇(36)的弹簧支脚(68)围绕着隆起(56)。
5.如权利要求1所述的管接头,其特征是圆形的环形肋(76)的内侧指向套筒杆(34),环形肋配合在环形槽(42)上方,带有间隙。
6.如权利要求1所述的管接头,其特征是弹簧环(44)的形状为一个有开口的环。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH10992 | 1992-01-15 | ||
CH109/92 | 1992-01-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1079280A CN1079280A (zh) | 1993-12-08 |
CN1032272C true CN1032272C (zh) | 1996-07-10 |
Family
ID=4179476
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93100433A Expired - Fee Related CN1032272C (zh) | 1992-01-15 | 1993-01-15 | 管接头 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5273322A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0551587B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0737836B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR960006177B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1032272C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE127892T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU649578B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9300113A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2086990C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE59203683D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0551587T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2076652T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI101900B (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9207473A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO303706B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2068525C1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA929224B (zh) |
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US7571940B2 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2009-08-11 | Krausz Metal Industries Ltd. | Pipe coupling with built-in grip |
EP2245353B1 (de) * | 2008-02-28 | 2012-05-16 | Straub Werke AG | Verankerungselement für rohrkupplungen |
ES2350134B1 (es) * | 2008-03-11 | 2011-06-08 | Elisabet P. Pires Cabado | Sistema de empalme de seguridad de tuberias alineadas, ante la dilatacion y/o contrataccion de las mismas. |
US8282136B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2012-10-09 | Mueller International, Llc | Slip on groove coupling with multiple sealing gasket |
KR100923132B1 (ko) * | 2008-12-29 | 2009-10-23 | 주식회사 세종화학 | 파이프 커플링의 풀림 방지장치 |
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CN102345774A (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-02-08 | 苏州捷英特管道技术有限公司 | 低压用密封管接头 |
CN102345775A (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-02-08 | 苏州捷英特管道技术有限公司 | 管接头锁固组件 |
USD696751S1 (en) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-12-31 | Mueller International, Llc | Slip-on gasket |
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US9500307B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2016-11-22 | Mueller International, Llc | Slip-on coupling gasket |
US9039046B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2015-05-26 | Mueller International, Llc | Coupling with tongue and groove |
US9534715B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2017-01-03 | Mueller International, Llc | Coupling gasket with multiple sealing surfaces |
US9194516B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2015-11-24 | Mueller International, Llc | Slip-on coupling |
EP2812619B1 (de) * | 2012-02-10 | 2017-06-28 | Straub Werke AG | Rohrkupplung |
US8894100B2 (en) | 2012-03-16 | 2014-11-25 | Romac Industries, Inc. | Fitting with draw mechanism |
US9631748B2 (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2017-04-25 | Straub Werke Ag | Clamping belt and pipe coupling for the force-closed connection of pipes, in particular of smooth-end pipes |
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-
1992
- 1992-11-16 DK DK92119546.7T patent/DK0551587T3/da active
- 1992-11-16 EP EP92119546A patent/EP0551587B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-16 DE DE59203683T patent/DE59203683D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-11-16 AT AT92119546T patent/ATE127892T1/de active
- 1992-11-16 ES ES92119546T patent/ES2076652T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-27 ZA ZA929224A patent/ZA929224B/xx unknown
- 1992-12-07 AU AU29940/92A patent/AU649578B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-12-15 RU RU9292004501A patent/RU2068525C1/ru active
- 1992-12-16 JP JP4354459A patent/JPH0737836B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-21 MX MX9207473A patent/MX9207473A/es unknown
- 1992-12-30 KR KR1019920026689A patent/KR960006177B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-01-04 US US08/000,397 patent/US5273322A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-08 CA CA002086990A patent/CA2086990C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-12 BR BR9300113A patent/BR9300113A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-13 NO NO930121A patent/NO303706B1/no unknown
- 1993-01-14 FI FI930153A patent/FI101900B/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1993-01-15 CN CN93100433A patent/CN1032272C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA929224B (en) | 1993-05-26 |
CA2086990A1 (en) | 1993-07-16 |
KR930016706A (ko) | 1993-08-26 |
JPH0737836B2 (ja) | 1995-04-26 |
DE59203683D1 (de) | 1995-10-19 |
US5273322A (en) | 1993-12-28 |
CN1079280A (zh) | 1993-12-08 |
FI930153A0 (fi) | 1993-01-14 |
EP0551587A1 (de) | 1993-07-21 |
KR960006177B1 (ko) | 1996-05-09 |
EP0551587B1 (de) | 1995-09-13 |
ATE127892T1 (de) | 1995-09-15 |
BR9300113A (pt) | 1993-07-20 |
AU2994092A (en) | 1993-07-22 |
NO930121L (no) | 1993-07-16 |
CA2086990C (en) | 1996-09-17 |
FI930153A (fi) | 1993-07-16 |
MX9207473A (es) | 1993-07-01 |
AU649578B2 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
JPH05256383A (ja) | 1993-10-05 |
FI101900B1 (fi) | 1998-09-15 |
RU2068525C1 (ru) | 1996-10-27 |
NO303706B1 (no) | 1998-08-17 |
DK0551587T3 (da) | 1995-11-13 |
FI101900B (fi) | 1998-09-15 |
NO930121D0 (no) | 1993-01-13 |
ES2076652T3 (es) | 1995-11-01 |
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