CN103224421B - Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer and its preparation method - Google Patents
Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103224421B CN103224421B CN201310162133.4A CN201310162133A CN103224421B CN 103224421 B CN103224421 B CN 103224421B CN 201310162133 A CN201310162133 A CN 201310162133A CN 103224421 B CN103224421 B CN 103224421B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, especially to an apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer. Rice husk charcoal contains 30-35% of carbon. Effective contents of N, P and K are respectively 10%, 1% and 7% of the weight of the rice husk charcoal. The rice husk charcoal can also contain a solid waste which is obtained after furfural is prepared from cottonseed hull, and the weight ratio of the solid waste to the rice husk charcoal is 1:4. A preparation method of the apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer comprises the following steps: milling; adding a fertilizer containing N, P and K, adding bentonite and a binder, and uniformly mixing; granulating; and screening. By the adoption of the rice husk charcoal base fertilizer, the weight of one hundred leaves of Fuji apple leaves can be significantly increased, contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoid and total chlorophyll in the leaves are increased, and photosynthetic performance of Fuji apple leaves is improved; growth of the annual branch of Fuji apples is controlled, nutrient waste is reduced, and it is beneficial to fruit growth and flower bud differentiation for the coming year; Fuji apple hardness and soluble solid and vitamin C contents are raised, titratable acidity is decreased, and sugar-acid ratio of the fruit is raised; and aroma types of Fuji apple are increased, and local flavor of Fuji apple is improved.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, particularly a kind of Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer, also relate to the special rice of apple
The preparation method of shell charcoal base manure.
background technology
China is Rice Cropping country maximum in the world, and paddy annual production remains on more than 40% of world's paddy annual production always, and according to State Statistics Bureau and China's Industry research report, China's paddy annual production in 2011 has broken through 200,000,000 tons.Rice husk accounts for 20% of paddy quality, i.e. current China rice husk annual production about 0.4 hundred million tons, the rice husk that output is so high occupies huge stacking space, easily spontaneous combustion occurs, also easily fly away in air and water body, the living environment of people, health and safety are constituted a threat to.
Namely the method for mass-producing process rice husk adopts thermochemical techniques (as liquefaction, gasification, burning) from rice husk, obtain the energy and related chemicals.Carrying out in thermochemical study process to rice husk; solid byproducts and rice hull carbon (or rice hull ash) can be produced; account for about 30% of rice husk quality, therefore the higher value application of rice husk thermal decomposition charcoal is by the economic benefit of the mass-producing and energy resource supply that directly have influence on this pyrolytic technique.
At present in China agriculturally, rice hull carbon is added in soil as soil improvement agent, not only can increase soil fertility, improvement soil physical and chemical property, and the Phyto-availability of the material that can have additional nutrients, thus improves crop yield further.Rice hull carbon is used in apple orchard can alleviate rapidly orchard soil acidifying obstacle, greatly improves the validity of soil nutrient elements, and it shows the pol (soluble solid content) and local flavor (fragrance kind increases) that namely improve fruit the most significantly.But rice hull carbon all adopts the mode directly applied at present, and the shortcoming directly applying powdery rice hull carbon is, one is due to little (300 ~ 400 kgm of the large density of rice hull carbon volume
-3), powdered carbon particle easily flies away with the wind or suspends in atmosphere, directly uses not only operational difficulty but also cause health threat to operator; Two is easily outflow with water after rice hull carbon powdered granule is manured into soil, and greatly reduces its fertilizer efficiency characteristic and adsorption activity; Three is the own nutrient content of rice hull carbon low (N, P, K content is general all lower than 0.5%), and the best fruiting period, fruit tree needed a large amount of nutrient supply, only used powdered carbon and can not meet fruit tree growth needs far away.
Application number is " 201210294225.3 ", name is called the Chinese invention patent of " a kind of with the biological particles charcoal apple that is matrix slow-release fertilizer dedicated and preparation method thereof ", the particle charcoal disclosing agriculture waste biomass-makings such as using corn cob, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, rice husk, edible fungi substrate standby is substrate material, utilize its many micropore, strong adsorptive power, grow necessary nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutritive element compounds with apple development, make particulate biomass charcoal base apple slow-release fertilizer dedicated.But do not record its effectiveness to apple in its specification sheets in detail.
summary of the invention
In order to solve in above prior art, to applying in apple rice hull carbon fertilizer, mode is imappropriate, fertilizer efficiency is not good, can not meet the problem of fruit tree growth needs, the invention provides the Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer of a kind of method of application rationally, to the promoter action that apple production and fruit quality have had.
The invention still further relates to the preparation method of described Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer.
The present invention is achieved by the following measures:
A kind of Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer, containing following component:
The charring rice husk of carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, N, P, K effective content is respectively 10%, 1%, 7% of rice hull carbon quality.
A kind of Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer, containing following component:
The weight ratio of the solid waste after rice hull carbon and cotton seed hulls furfural is 4:1, and rice hull carbon carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, N, P, K effective content are respectively 10%, 1%, 7% of rice hull carbon quality.
The preparation method of described Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) abrasive dust: the solid waste after charring rice husk and cotton seed hulls furfural is pulverized to obtain fine powder;
(2) mixture: add the fertilizer containing N, P, K in fine powder, add and account for the wilkinite of fine powder weight 10% and the binding agent of 1%, mixing and stirring obtains mixture;
(3) granulation: regulate mixture moisture content to be 15 ~ 20%, granulation obtains granular fertilizer;
(4) sieve: granular fertilizer enters sieve apparatus and sieves, and to obtain final product.
Described preparation method, every mu uses 200 ~ 300kg, Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer or every Fuji apple trees use in the best fruiting period 4 ~ 6kg Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer.
Described preparation method, step (3) granulation is for using extruder grain or disc granulation.
Described preparation method, during screening, circular granular diameter control is at 3 ~ 5mm, cylindrical particle length >=5mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, rice hull carbon base manure of the present invention is used significantly can to increase the blinds weight of Fuji apple blade, significantly can increase leaf chlorophyll b, the content of carotenoid and chlorophyll total amount, improve the photosynthetic performance of Fuji apple blade, and chlorophyll a is not made significant difference;
2, enrich the growth that rice hull carbon base manure of the present invention effectively can control Fuji apple current-year branch, effectively reduce nutrient waste, thus be beneficial to the bud differentiation in fruit growth and the coming year;
3, enrich rice hull carbon base manure of the present invention in right amount and can improve the hardness of Fuji apple, soluble solid and Vitamin C content, reduce titratable acidity, improve the sugar-acid ratio of fruit;
4, enrich the fragrance kind that rice hull carbon base manure of the present invention can increase Fuji apple, improve Fuji apple local flavor.
5, Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer of the present invention is obtained by extruder grain or disc granulation, this base manure granulating rate more than 90%, the broken power 10 ~ 15N of particle Mean Crush, carbon content 30 ~ 35%, pH 7 ~ 8.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, further illustrate below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
embodiment 1:
Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer, containing following component:
The weight ratio of the solid waste after charring rice husk and cotton seed hulls furfural is 4:1, and rice hull carbon carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, N, P, K effective content are respectively 10%, 1%, 7%, pH 7 ~ 8 of rice hull carbon quality.
Preparation method:
(1) abrasive dust: the solid waste after charring rice husk and cotton seed hulls furfural is pulverized to obtain fine powder;
(2) mixture: add 21.7% urea (containing 46%N), 14.3% calcium superphosphate (containing 16%P in fine powder
2o
5) or 5.5% double superhosphate (containing 42%), 21.1% potassium sulfate is (containing 40%K
2o), add and account for the wilkinite of fine powder weight 10% and the binding agent of 1%, mixing and stirring obtains mixture;
(3) granulation: regulate mixture moisture content to be 15 ~ 20%, extruder grain or disc granulation obtain granular fertilizer;
(4) sieve: granular fertilizer enters sieve apparatus and sieves, such as circular granular diameter control is at 3 ~ 5mm, and cylindrical particle length >=5mm, to obtain final product.
Finished particle can directly metering packing or after cryodrying (moisture < 5%) metering packing.
Consumption: every mu uses 200 ~ 300kg Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer or every Fuji apple trees use in the best fruiting period 4 ~ 6kg Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer.
comparative example 1
Compared with embodiment 1, in fertilizer, only contain N, P, the K with embodiment 1 with same ratio.
comparative example 2
Compared with embodiment 1, in fertilizer, only contain N, P, K and the rice hull carbon with embodiment 1 with same ratio.
comparative example 3
Compared with embodiment 1, the weight ratio of the solid waste in fertilizer after charring rice husk and cotton seed hulls furfural is 2:1.
effect basic test
Take Fuji apple as examination material, the impact executed Fuji's fruit quality, output and orchard's soil nutrient mixes in research rice hull carbon and composite fertilizer.
Experiment material: apple variety is detoxification cigarette richness 3, the age of tree 8 years, and test site is positioned at Yantai academy of agricultural sciences kind Demonstration Garden, and stock is Mains micromalus, seeding row spacing 4m × 4m, and growth potential is basically identical, and orchard management level is medium.
one, rice hull carbon is on the impact of Fuji apple output and fruit quality
Test process:
4 treatment group are established in test, and each treatment group contains 5 strain objects, repeats 3 times.
The fertilizer that T1 treatment group uses comparative example 1 to prepare;
The fertilizer that T2 treatment group uses comparative example 2 to prepare;
The fertilizer that T3 treatment group uses embodiment 1 to prepare;
The fertilizer that T4 treatment group uses comparative example 3 to prepare;
Identical with N, P, K amount of application in T2, T3, T4 treatment group containing N, P, K amount of application in the fertilizer in fine powder 3kg, T1 treatment group in the fertilizer that the every strain object of T2, T3, T4 treatment group is used.
1. different fertilization is on the impact of Fuji's leaf quality
| Process | Blinds thickness/cm | Blinds weight/g | Blade length/cm | Width of blade/cm |
| T1 | 1.93b | 21.52b | 9.02a | 5.76a |
| T2 | 2.24a | 22.91a | 8.95a | 5.80a |
| T3 | 2.29a | 23.74a | 9.51a | 6.22a |
| T4 | 2.18a | 22.31a | 9.27a | 6.13a |
Compared with contrast T1, T2, T3, T4 do not make significant difference to blade length and width, but significantly can increase blinds thickness and the blinds weight of blade.
2. different treatment is on the impact of Fuji's chlorophyll content in leaf blades
Compared with T1, content and the chlorophyll total amount of T2, T3, T4 group leaf chlorophyll b, carotenoid significantly increase, and chlorophyll a is without remarkable change.Secondly the highest with T3 process between different treatment be T4, T2.Show that the solid waste after composite fertilizer and appropriate rice hull carbon and cotton seed hulls furfural is mixed to execute, the Chlorophylls and Carotenoids content of Fuji's blade can be improved, improve the photosynthetic performance of Fuji apple blade.
3. different treatment is on the photosynthetic impact of Fuji
T2, T3, T4 group Net Photosynthetic Rate is apparently higher than contrast T1, but between the process of rice husk powdered carbon, difference is not remarkable.T3 process Net Photosynthetic Rate is the highest, increases by 13.3% than T1, is secondly T4, T2.
4. different treatment is on the impact of Fuji's current-year branch growth
| Process | Spring tip length/cm | Spring tip base portion rugosity/cm | Annotinous branch length/cm | Autumn growth length/cm | Autumn growth ratio/% |
| T1 | 29.89a | 0.33b | 40.84a | 11.51a | 33.2a |
| T2 | 27.79b | 0.39ab | 35.27b | 6.92c | 14.3c |
| T3 | 27.35c | 0.45a | 34.25c | 6.63c | 15.8c |
| T4 | 27.45c | 0.40ab | 35.06b | 7.44b | 17.9b |
The spring tip length of T1 group, autumn growth length, annual shoot total length and autumn growth ratio are significantly higher than T2, T3, T4 group, and spring tip base portion rugosity is significantly lower than other groups.Best with T3 effect between different treatment.Illustrate that rice hull carbon base manure effectively can control the growth of Fuji apple current-year branch, effectively reduce nutrient waste, thus be beneficial to the bud differentiation in fruit growth and the coming year.
5. different treatment is on the impact of Fuji's fruit quality
| Process | Fruit shape index | Hardness | Soluble solid/% | Stained area/% | Titratable acidity | Vc content | Soluble sugar | Sugar-acid ratio |
| T1 | 0.86b | 7.38c | 10.23c | 70.26c | 0.195a | 0.043c | 3.72a | 19.08c |
| T2 | 0.87b | 8.14b | 12.69a | 74.92a | 0.164b | 0.098b | 3.91a | 23.84b |
| T3 | 0.89a | 8.82a | 13.15a | 75.63a | 0.151c | 0.180a | 3.87a | 25.63a |
| T4 | 0.87b | 8.07b | 11.06bc | 72.15b | 0.163bc | 0.115b | 3.82a | 23.44b |
Compared with contrast T1, T2, T3, T4 group has been significantly increased hardness, soluble solid, the Vitamin C content of Fuji apple, reduces titratable acidity, improves the sugar-acid ratio of fruit.
6. fragrance kind, content qualification
Execute the fragrance kind that charcoal fertilizer can increase Fuji apple.The aroma component kind of the red fuji apple of T3 group is 32 kinds, and T1 group be only 26 kinds, illustrate that fertilizer of the present invention significantly can increase fragrance kind (as propyl butyrate, heptyl acetate, 3 Methylbutanoic acid-2-methylbutyl butenoate etc.) and the content (as ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate etc.) of Fuji apple, these are all characteristic flavor compounds of Fuji apple.
7. different treatment is on the impact of Fuji apple fruit yield
Within continuous 2 years, fertilization effect shows, the process (T2, T3, T4) of using rice hull carbon fertilizer no matter single fruit weight, single plant yield or mu ultimate production is all significantly higher than contrast T1, and between the process of different charcoal fertilizer, T3 effect is best.Enrich rice hull carbon and can improve Fuji apple fruit size and output, and when the solid waste after charring rice husk and cotton seed hulls furfural adopts specific ratio to share, the effect improving Fuji apple fruit size and output is more obvious.
Claims (5)
1. an Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer, is characterized in that containing following component:
The weight ratio of the solid waste after charring rice husk and cotton seed hulls furfural is 4:1, and charring rice husk carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, N, P, K effective content are respectively 10%, 1%, 7% of charring rice husk quality.
2. Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer pH value is 7 ~ 8.
3. a preparation method for Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) abrasive dust: the solid waste after charring rice husk and cotton seed hulls furfural is pulverized to obtain fine powder;
(2) mixture: add the fertilizer containing N, P, K in fine powder, add and account for the wilkinite of fine powder weight 10% and the binding agent of 1%, mixing and stirring obtains mixture;
(3) granulation: regulate mixture moisture content to be 15 ~ 20%, granulation obtains granular fertilizer;
(4) sieve: granular fertilizer enters sieve apparatus and sieves, and to obtain final product.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that step (3) granulation is for using extruder grain or disc granulation.
5. preparation method according to claim 3, when it is characterized in that sieving, circular granular diameter control is at 3 ~ 5mm, cylindrical particle length >=5mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104402644B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-08-24 | 湖南谷力新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base composite fertilizer and utilize the method that rice husk analyte produces |
| CN105294276B (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2019-03-15 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Dedicated fruit tree charcoal base manure of apple and preparation method thereof |
| CN106212152A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-14 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of rice hull carbon is joined and is executed the method that phosphate fertilizer alleviates continuous cropping obstacle of apple |
| CN108456100A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-08-28 | 江西圣牛米业有限公司 | A kind of organic matter charcoal base manure and its production technology and method of administration |
| CN107716524B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2020-08-21 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | Method for cleaning and recycling household garbage by using screw extruder |
| CN109042000A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-21 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | A method of promoting the seedling growth and development of apple container Qiaoization |
| CN108821873A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-16 | 廊坊达能新能源技术股份有限公司 | Rice hull carbon base manure material and preparation method thereof and its application in Rice Cropping |
| CN113528143B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-09-09 | 华中农业大学 | Rice hull ash powder composite material, and granulation method and application thereof |
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| CN101186833A (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2008-05-28 | 南京林业大学 | Method for simultaneously preparing charcoal, gas and liquid products from crop straw and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101096326A (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-02 | 吴嫦华 | Organic silicon leaf fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN101885642A (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2010-11-17 | 韩吉光 | Curing fertilizer for high-yield apple trees |
| CN102992861A (en) * | 2012-08-19 | 2013-03-27 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Special slow-release fertilizer taking biomass granular carbon as matrix for apples and preparation method thereof |
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