CN103224421A - Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer and its preparation method - Google Patents
Apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, especially to an apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer. Rice husk charcoal contains 30-35% of carbon. Effective contents of N, P and K are respectively 10%, 1% and 7% of the weight of the rice husk charcoal. The rice husk charcoal can also contain a solid waste which is obtained after furfural is prepared from cottonseed hull, and the weight ratio of the solid waste to the rice husk charcoal is 1:4. A preparation method of the apple-specific rice husk charcoal base fertilizer comprises the following steps: milling; adding a fertilizer containing N, P and K, adding bentonite and a binder, and uniformly mixing; granulating; and screening. By the adoption of the rice husk charcoal base fertilizer, the weight of one hundred leaves of Fuji apple leaves can be significantly increased, contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoid and total chlorophyll in the leaves are increased, and photosynthetic performance of Fuji apple leaves is improved; growth of the annual branch of Fuji apples is controlled, nutrient waste is reduced, and it is beneficial to fruit growth and flower bud differentiation for the coming year; Fuji apple hardness and soluble solid and vitamin C contents are raised, titratable acidity is decreased, and sugar-acid ratio of the fruit is raised; and aroma types of Fuji apple are increased, and local flavor of Fuji apple is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of particularly a kind of apple also relates to the special-purpose rice of apple
The preparation method of shell charcoal base manure.
Background technology
China is maximum in the world paddy rice plantation country, and the paddy annual production remains on more than 40% of world's paddy annual production always, and according to State Statistics Bureau and China's Industry research report, China's paddy annual production in 2011 has broken through 200,000,000 tons.Rice husk accounts for 20% of paddy quality, be about 0.4 hundred million tons of present China rice husk annual production, the rice husk that output is so high has taken huge stacking space, and spontaneous combustion easily takes place, also fly away easily in atmosphere and the water body, people's living environment, health and safety constituted a threat to.
The method that rice husk is handled in mass-producing promptly adopts thermochemical techniques (as liquefaction, gasification, burning) to obtain the energy and relevant chemical from rice husk.Rice husk is being carried out in the thermochemistry conversion process; can produce solid byproducts is rice hull carbon (or rice hull ash); account for about 30% of rice husk quality, so the higher value application of rice husk thermal decomposition charcoal will directly have influence on the mass-producing of this pyrolytic technique and the economic benefit of energy resource supply.
On China's agricultural, rice hull carbon is added in the soil as soil improvement agent at present, not only can increase soil fertility, and the physicochemical character of improving the soil, and the plant utilizability of the material that can have additional nutrients, thus further improve crop yield.Rice hull carbon is used in the apple orchard can alleviate orchard soil acidifying obstacle rapidly, improves the validity of soil nutrient elements greatly, and its most significant performance promptly improves the pol (soluble solid content) and the local flavor (the fragrance kind increases) of fruit.But at present rice hull carbon all adopts the mode that directly applies, and the shortcoming that directly applies the powdery rice hull carbon is, the one, because little (300 ~ 400 kgm of the big density of rice hull carbon volume
-3), the powdered carbon particle easily flies away with the wind or suspends in air, directly uses not only operational difficulty but also causes health threat to the operator; The 2nd, after being manured into soil, easily loses the rice hull carbon powdered granule with current, greatly reduce its fertilizer efficiency characteristic and adsorption activity; The 3rd, the own nutrient content of rice hull carbon low (N, P, K content generally all are lower than 0.5%), and the best fruiting period, fruit tree needed a large amount of nutrient supplies, only used powdered carbon and can not satisfy the fruit tree growth needs far away.
Application number is that " 201210294225.3 ", name are called the Chinese invention patent of " a kind of is that the apple of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated and preparation method thereof with the biological particles charcoal ", the particle charcoal that discloses preparation such as the agriculture waste biomass of using corn cob, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, rice husk, edible mushrooms matrix is substrate material, utilize its many micropores, strong adsorptive power, to grow necessary nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutritive elements compound with apple development, and it is slow-release fertilizer dedicated to make particulate biomass charcoal base apple.But its effectiveness of write up not in its specification sheets to apple.
Summary of the invention
Mode is imappropriate, fertilizer efficiency is not good with applying in the rice hull carbon fertilizer, can not satisfy the problem of fruit tree growth needs to apple in order to solve in the above prior art, the invention provides a kind of method of application rationally, apple production and fruit quality all had the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of apple of good promoter action.
The invention still further relates to the preparation method of the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of described apple.
The present invention is achieved by the following measures:
The special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of a kind of apple, contain following component:
The charring rice husk of carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, N, P, K effective content are respectively 10%, 1%, 7% of rice hull carbon quality.
The special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of a kind of apple, contain following component:
The weight ratio of the solid waste behind rice hull carbon and the cotton seed hulls system furfural is 4:1, rice hull carbon carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, and N, P, K effective content are respectively 10%, 1%, 7% of rice hull carbon quality.
The preparation method of the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of described apple may further comprise the steps:
(1) abrasive dust: with the solid waste behind charring rice husk and the cotton seed hulls system furfural pulverize fine powder;
(2) be mixed: add the fertilizer that contains N, P, K in fine powder, adding accounts for the wilkinite of fine powder weight 10% and 1% binding agent, and mixing and stirring gets mixture;
(3) granulation: regulating the mixture moisture content is 15 ~ 20%, and granulation gets particle fertilizer;
(4) screening: particle fertilizer enters sieve apparatus and sieves, promptly.
Described preparation method, every mu is used 200 ~ 300kg, the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of apple or every special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of Fuji apple tree use in the best fruiting period 4 ~ 6kg apple.
Described preparation method, step (3) granulation is for using extruder grain or disk granulation.
Described preparation method, the circular granular diameter is controlled at 3 ~ 5mm during screening, cylindricality particle length 〉=5mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, use rice hull carbon base manure of the present invention can significantly increase the blinds weight of Fuji apple blade, can significantly increase leaf chlorophyll b, content of carotenoid and chlorophyll total amount, improve the photosynthetic performance of Fuji apple blade, and chlorophyll a is not made significant difference;
2, enrich the growth that rice hull carbon base manure of the present invention can effectively be controlled the Fuji apple current-year branch, effectively reduce the nutrient waste, thereby be beneficial to the bud differentiation in the fruit growth and the coming year;
3, enrich hardness, soluble solid and the Vitamin C content that rice hull carbon base manure of the present invention can improve Fuji apple in right amount, reduce titratable acidity, improve the sugar-acid ratio of fruit;
4, enrich the fragrance kind that rice hull carbon base manure of the present invention can increase Fuji apple, improve the Fuji apple local flavor.
5, make the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of apple of the present invention by extruder grain or disk granulation, this base manure granulating rate is more than 90%, the average anti-crushing power 10 ~ 15N of particle, and carbon content 30 ~ 35%, pH 7 ~ 8.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, further specify below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
The special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of apple, contain following component:
The weight ratio of the solid waste behind charring rice husk and the cotton seed hulls system furfural is 4:1, rice hull carbon carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, and N, P, K effective content are respectively 10%, 1%, 7% of rice hull carbon quality, and pH 7 ~ 8.
The preparation method:
(1) abrasive dust: with the solid waste behind charring rice husk and the cotton seed hulls system furfural pulverize fine powder;
(2) be mixed: adding 21.7% urea (containing 46%N), 14.3% calcium superphosphate (contain 16%P in fine powder
2O
5) or 5.5% double superhosphate (containing 42%), 21.1% vitriolate of tartar (contain 40%K
2O), adding accounts for the wilkinite of fine powder weight 10% and 1% binding agent, and mixing and stirring gets mixture;
(3) granulation: regulating the mixture moisture content is 15 ~ 20%, and extruder grain or disk granulation get particle fertilizer;
(4) screening: particle fertilizer enters sieve apparatus and sieves, such as the circular granular diameter is controlled at 3 ~ 5mm, cylindricality particle length 〉=5mm, promptly.
Finished particle directly metering packing or after cryodrying (moisture＜5%) metering packing.
Consumption: every mu is used the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of 200 ~ 300kg apple or every special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of Fuji apple tree use in the best fruiting period 4 ~ 6kg apple.
The comparative example 1
Compare with embodiment 1, only contain N, the P, the K that have same ratio with embodiment 1 in the fertilizer.
The comparative example 2
Compare with embodiment 1, only contain N, the P, K and the rice hull carbon that have same ratio with embodiment 1 in the fertilizer.
The comparative example 3
Compare with embodiment 1, the weight ratio of the solid waste in the fertilizer behind charring rice husk and the cotton seed hulls system furfural is 2:1.
The effect basic test
With Fuji apple is the examination material, and the influence of executing Fuji's fruit quality, output and orchard soil nutrient mixes in research rice hull carbon and composite fertilizer.
Experiment material: apple variety is a detoxification cigarette richness 3, and the age of tree 8 years, test site are positioned at kind demonstration garden, academy of agricultural sciences, Yantai, and stock is eight rib Malus spectabilis, seeding row spacing 4m * 4m, and the growth potential basically identical, the orchard level of management are medium.
One, rice hull carbon is to the influence of Fuji apple output and fruit quality
Test is handled:
4 treatment group are established in test, and each treatment group contains 5 strain objects, repeats 3 times.
The fertilizer that the T1 treatment group uses comparative example 1 to prepare;
The fertilizer that the T2 treatment group uses comparative example 2 to prepare;
The fertilizer that the T3 treatment group uses embodiment 1 to prepare;
The fertilizer that the T4 treatment group uses comparative example 3 to prepare;
Contain fine powder 3kg in the fertilizer that T2, T3, the every strain object of T4 treatment group are used, N, P in N, P in the fertilizer in the T1 treatment group, K amount of application and T2, T3, the T4 treatment group, K amount of application are identical.
1. different fertilization is to the influence of Fuji's leaf quality
| Handle | Blinds thickness/cm | Blinds weight/g | Blade length/cm | Width of blade/cm |
| T1 | 1.93b | 21.52b | 9.02a | 5.76a |
| T2 | 2.24a | 22.91a | 8.95a | 5.80a |
| T3 | 2.29a | 23.74a | 9.51a | 6.22a |
| T4 | 2.18a | 22.31a | 9.27a | 6.13a |
T1 compares with contrast, and T2, T3, T4 do not make significant difference to blade length and width, but can significantly increase the blinds thickness and the blinds weight of blade.
2. different treatment is to the influence of Fuji's chlorophyll content in leaf blades
Compare with T1, T2, T3, T4 group leaf chlorophyll b, content of carotenoid and chlorophyll total amount significantly increase, and chlorophyll a does not have remarkable change.Between the different treatment with T3 handle the highest, be T4, T2 secondly.Show mixed the executing of solid waste behind composite fertilizer and an amount of rice hull carbon and the cotton seed hulls system furfural, can improve the Chlorophylls and Carotenoids content of Fuji's blade, improve the photosynthetic performance of Fuji apple blade.
3. different treatment is to the photosynthetic influence of Fuji
T2, T3, T4 group Net Photosynthetic Rate are apparently higher than contrast T1, but rice husk powdered carbon processing differences is not remarkable.It is the highest that T3 handles Net Photosynthetic Rate, increases by 13.3% than T1, is T4, T2 secondly.
4. different treatment is to the influence of Fuji's current-year branch growth
| Handle | Spring tip length/cm | Spring tip base portion rugosity/cm | Annotinous branch length/cm | Autumn growth length/cm | Autumn growth ratio/% |
| T1 | 29.89a | 0.33b | 40.84a | 11.51a | 33.2a |
| T2 | 27.79b | 0.39ab | 35.27b | 6.92c | 14.3c |
| T3 | 27.35c | 0.45a | 34.25c | 6.63c | 15.8c |
| T4 | 27.45c | 0.40ab | 35.06b | 7.44b | 17.9b |
Spring tip length, autumn growth length, annual shoot total length and the autumn growth ratio of T1 group is significantly higher than T2, T3, T4 group, and spring tip base portion rugosity significantly is lower than other groups.Best between different treatment with the T3 effect.Illustrate that rice hull carbon base manure can effectively control the growth of Fuji apple current-year branch, effectively reduce the nutrient waste, thereby be beneficial to the bud differentiation in the fruit growth and the coming year.
5. different treatment is to the influence of Fuji's fruit quality
| Handle | Fruit shape index | Hardness | Soluble solid/% | Stained area/% | Titratable acidity | Vc content | Soluble sugar | Sugar-acid ratio |
| T1 | 0.86b | 7.38c | 10.23c | 70.26c | 0.195a | 0.043c | 3.72a | 19.08c |
| T2 | 0.87b | 8.14b | 12.69a | 74.92a | 0.164b | 0.098b | 3.91a | 23.84b |
| T3 | 0.89a | 8.82a | 13.15a | 75.63a | 0.151c | 0.180a | 3.87a | 25.63a |
| T4 | 0.87b | 8.07b | 11.06bc | 72.15b | 0.163bc | 0.115b | 3.82a | 23.44b |
T1 compares with contrast, and T2, T3, T4 organize hardness, soluble solid, the Vitamin C content of the Fuji apple that has been significantly increased, reduce titratable acidity, improve the sugar-acid ratio of fruit.
6. fragrance kind, content are identified
Executing charcoal fertilizer can increase the fragrance kind of Fuji apple.The aroma component kind of the red fuji apple of T3 group is 32 kinds, and the T1 group only is 26 kinds, illustrate that fertilizer of the present invention can significantly increase Fuji apple's fragrance kind (as propyl butyrate, heptyl acetate, 3 Methylbutanoic acid-2-methyl butyl ester etc.) and content (as ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate etc.), these all are characteristic perfume compositions of Fuji apple.
7. different treatment is to the influence of Fuji apple fruit yield
Fertilization effect showed in continuous 2 years, the processing (T2, T3, T4) of using rice hull carbon fertilizer no matter single fruit weight, single plant yield still a mu ultimate production all be significantly higher than contrast T1, different charcoals are fertile handle between the T3 effect best.Enrich rice hull carbon and can improve Fuji apple fruit size and output, and the solid waste behind charring rice husk and the cotton seed hulls system furfural is when adopting specific ratio to share, the effect that improves Fuji apple fruit size and output is more obvious.
Claims (7)
1. the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of an apple is characterized in that containing following component:
The charring rice husk of carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, N, P, K effective content are respectively 10%, 1%, 7% of rice hull carbon quality.
2. the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of an apple is characterized in that containing following component:
The weight ratio of the solid waste behind charring rice husk and the cotton seed hulls system furfural is 4:1, rice hull carbon carbon containing 30 ~ 35%, and N, P, K effective content are respectively 10%, 1%, 7% of rice hull carbon quality.
3. the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of apple according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of described apple pH value is 7 ~ 8.
4. the preparation method of the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of the described apple of a claim 2 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) abrasive dust: with the solid waste behind charring rice husk and the cotton seed hulls system furfural pulverize fine powder;
(2) be mixed: add the fertilizer that contains N, P, K in fine powder, adding accounts for the wilkinite of fine powder weight 10% and 1% binding agent, and mixing and stirring gets mixture;
(3) granulation: regulating the mixture moisture content is 15 ~ 20%, and granulation gets particle fertilizer;
(4) screening: particle fertilizer enters sieve apparatus and sieves, promptly.
5. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that every mu is used the special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of 200 ~ 300kg apple or every special-purpose rice hull carbon base manure of Fuji apple tree use in the best fruiting period 4 ~ 6kg apple.
6. preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that step (3) granulation is for using extruder grain or disk granulation.
7. preparation method according to claim 4, the circular granular diameter is controlled at 3 ~ 5mm when it is characterized in that sieving, cylindricality particle length 〉=5mm.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN104402644A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-03-11 | 湖南谷力新能源科技股份有限公司 | Carbon base composite fertilizer and method for producing carbon base composite fertilizer by using rice husk decomposed products |
| CN105294276A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-02-03 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Apple special-purpose fruit wood charcoal base fertilizer, and preparation method thereof |
| CN106212152A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-14 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of rice hull carbon is joined and is executed the method that phosphate fertilizer alleviates continuous cropping obstacle of apple |
| CN107716524A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-02-23 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | It is a kind of that the method for recycling house refuse is cleaned using screw extruder |
| CN108456100A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-08-28 | 江西圣牛米业有限公司 | A kind of organic matter charcoal base manure and its production technology and method of administration |
| CN108821873A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-16 | 廊坊达能新能源技术股份有限公司 | Rice hull carbon base manure material and preparation method thereof and its application in Rice Cropping |
| CN109042000A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-21 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | A method of promoting the seedling growth and development of apple container Qiaoization |
| CN113528143A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-22 | 华中农业大学 | Rice hull ash powder composite material, and granulation method and application thereof |
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| CN104402644A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-03-11 | 湖南谷力新能源科技股份有限公司 | Carbon base composite fertilizer and method for producing carbon base composite fertilizer by using rice husk decomposed products |
| CN105294276A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-02-03 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Apple special-purpose fruit wood charcoal base fertilizer, and preparation method thereof |
| CN105294276B (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2019-03-15 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Dedicated fruit tree charcoal base manure of apple and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109042000A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-21 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | A method of promoting the seedling growth and development of apple container Qiaoization |
| CN108821873A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-11-16 | 廊坊达能新能源技术股份有限公司 | Rice hull carbon base manure material and preparation method thereof and its application in Rice Cropping |
| CN113528143A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-22 | 华中农业大学 | Rice hull ash powder composite material, and granulation method and application thereof |
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