CN103212443A - 稳定的银催化剂及方法 - Google Patents
稳定的银催化剂及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
零价银组合物中包括4-二甲基氨基吡啶作为作为稳定剂。零价银和4-二甲基氨基吡啶构成了溶液中稳定的纳米颗粒。零价银组合物可以用作非导电性基板金属化时的催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明针对的是稳定的银催化剂以及在非导电基材上化学镀覆金属的方法。更具体地,本发明针对的是稳定的银催化剂,以及在非导电性基材上化学镀覆金属的方法,其中,银催化剂用4-二甲基氨基吡啶进行稳定。
背景技术
在多层印刷布线板(PWB)的制造过程中,对多个图案化的导电铜层的同化需要通过电介质材料进行分离。为了在铜层之间建立互连的通路,在导电材料中钻出通孔,镀上铜以覆盖电介质材料,并连接铜的中间层。在整个钻出的孔中镀铜的现有方法需要使通孔导电从而使其在后续能够电解镀覆铜。在通孔中生成导电铜层的最常用的方法是化学镀覆铜,其采用甲醛作为电子源使铜离子在通孔内还原位铜金属。为了使将还原的铜向通孔壁引导,采用数个处理步骤以确保在通孔上覆盖催化剂材料。现有的用于将钻孔过的多层板在处理中进行浸泡的催化剂液浴,包含钯作为活性成分。多年来,钯的成本急剧增加。因此采用廉价的替代品取代含钯的催化剂溶液就成了化学镀覆工业一段时间以来的目标。
虽然许多无钯催化剂溶液也能够触发化学铜镀覆,但要重现现有的常用商业钯系统的表现性能仍然被证明具有挑战性。影响替代的催化剂溶液的吸引力的最关键因素为:稳定性-催化剂液浴必须在加工温度下暴露于空气中历经数月的过程里保持它们的活性。活性-在暴露于催化剂浴之后,去除了化学镀浴的通孔必须具有完整和均匀的铜的覆盖程度和足够的导电性从而能够进行电解镀覆。如果替代的催化剂溶液需要循环次数显著增加,那么原材料的成本利益会被合格量的急剧减小所抵消。因此,替代的催化剂溶液必须在现有加工流程的限制下提供足够的活性。连接质量-在经过加工、电解铜镀覆后的多层板必须在板中的含多通道铜的路径中拥有足够的导电性能。虽然还有很多因素,例如低质量的钻孔或者通孔准备不充分,都有可能造成在铜层和导电通孔的连接面上产生缺陷,但采用一特定催化剂其所固有的缺陷是不可接受的。
银的使用解决了面临现有基于钯的系统时的原材料的价格及波动问题。尽管基于银的催化剂溶液先前已有报道,但是由于总不满足上述的任一因素而不能在商业上获得成功。最典型的情况下,银催化剂溶液在进行化学铜镀覆的通孔中不能提供足够的活性。其可能是通孔中催化剂的吸收量或者催化剂产生的化学镀覆的触发比率的作用;但在上述任一情况其结果都是在后续的电解镀覆的通孔中没有产生足够的铜的覆盖。对于一种具体的银催化剂溶液其活性可能受到很多因素的影响,即银颗粒尺寸,稳定剂的选择,以及存在的各个组分例如pH缓冲液和其他添加剂。
奥滨(Okuhama)等人的专利公报US2004/0043153披露了一种还原银离子所得的银胶体溶液,其采用一种具有能将银离子还原成金属银的电势的金属离子。该溶液还包括选自于羟基羧酸根离子,缩聚磷酸盐离子和胺的羧酸根离子中的一个或更多离子。银胶体也可以包括一个或多个选自原子序数26至30的金属的离子。该专利公报披露了该银胶体可以用作化学镀覆的催化剂。尽管存在银胶体用作化学镀覆中的催化剂,但仍需要一种改进的银催化剂以将金属化学镀覆在非导电基材上。
发明内容
在其中一个方面,一种组合物包含零价银,4-二甲基氨基吡啶,和具有将银离子还原成零价银的电势的一种或多种金属离子。
在另一个方面,一种方法包括:(a)提供具有多个通孔的基材;(b)将包括零价银、4-二甲基氨基吡啶、和具有将银离子还原成零价银的电势的一种或多种金属离子的组合物涂覆在通孔的表面上;然后(c)在通孔的表面化学沉积金属。
含有4-二甲基氨基吡啶的零价银组合物为胶体溶液,其中零价银组合物形成纳米级的颗粒。其在室温以及加工温度下暴露在空气中时是稳定的。该零价银组合物使镀覆金属的通孔基本上具有均匀的金属沉积,并且该通孔具有足够的导电性能够对通孔进行电解镀覆。该零价银组合物还使在印刷布线板上形成的含多通道金属的路径中的各处均具有足够的导电性。
具体实施方式
在整个说明书中,以下的缩写具有以下的含义,除非在文中明确了有另外的含义:℃=摄氏度;g=克;mg=毫克;L=升;ml=毫升;ppm=百万分之一;μm=micron=微米;nm=纳米;mm=毫米;M=摩尔;mmol=毫摩尔;DI=去离子的;Tg=玻璃化转变温度;R.T.=室温;RPM=每分钟转数;ASD=安培/平方分米:ASTM=美标测试方法;PWB=印刷布线板或印制电路板。除非另有说明,所有的量是重量百分比(“重量%”)。所有数值范围都以任何顺序组合和包括,除非明确了该数值范围被限制成其和为100%。
术语“通孔”包含了盲孔。同样在整个说明书中,术语“镀覆”是指化学金属镀覆,除非在文中明确了另有含义。在整个本说明书中,“沉积”和“镀覆”可以互换使用。“卤化物”包括氟化物,氯化物,溴化物,和碘化物。冠词“一”和“一个”包括了单数和复数的含义。
组合物为含水的,包含零价金属银,作为稳定剂化合物的4-二甲基氨基吡啶,一种或多种具有将银离子还原到零价的金属银的电势的金属离子。零价的金属银和4-二甲基氨基吡啶稳定化合物形成了稳定的纳米颗粒的胶体溶液。
在本组合物中所用的水可以是任何类型,如自来水或去离子水。零价金属银根据组合物的重量,以25-1000ppm的量存在于组合物中。优选的是,零价银存在于组合物中的量为50-500ppm,更优选的是从100-250ppm。
4-二甲基氨基吡啶稳定化合物通常可以通过市售获得,例如从西格玛-阿尔德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)公司(圣路易斯,密苏里州),或者可以通过本领域中已知的方法来制备。4-二甲基氨基吡啶以0.15g/L-15g/L的量包括在零价银组合物中,优选1g/L-10g/L。
一种或多种具有将银离子还原到零价的金属银的电势的金属离子包括但不仅限于锡离子,铁离子和钛离子。优选用二价锡离子,二价铁离子或二价的钛离子将银离子还原成金属银。更优选采用二价锡或二价铁。最优选采用二价锡。
任选的,本组合物还可以包括一种或多种化学镀覆催化剂组分中常见的添加剂,例如表面活性剂,缓冲剂,pH调节剂,助溶剂如有机溶剂。可以采用多种添加剂的组合,例如一pH值调节剂和一缓冲剂。可以使用任何合适的表面活性剂,包括阴离子型,非离子型,阳离子型和两性表面活性剂。根据组合物的重量,该表面活性剂存在的量可以是0-25ppm。表面活性剂存在的量在此优选为0.5-25ppm,更优选1-10ppm。可用的缓冲剂包括但不仅限于羧酸如柠檬酸,酒石酸,琥珀酸,苹果酸,丙二酸,马来酸,乳酸,乙酸和它们的盐;胺及其盐;氨基酸及它们的盐;以及无机酸如硼酸,和它们的盐,和无机碱,如碳酸氢钠。可以用来调节pH值的化合物包括但不限于碱金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾,和酸,如矿物酸。在使用时,使用可选的缓冲剂和pH值调节剂的用量将pH值充分调节至所需的范围内。
通常情况下,本组合物具有3-11的pH值,优选组合物具有7-11的pH值,更优选其具有7-10的pH值。
该组合物为纳米颗粒的稳定水溶液,用于催化电子元件制造中的金属化学沉积。所谓“稳定”是指在室温下贮存时,3个月后没有可肉眼观察到的沉淀物形成。在室温贮存下,本组合物优选在6个月后、更优选1年后没有沉积物可见。术语“稳定的”也是指该纳米颗粒水溶液在加工温度下保持其催化的活性。通常的加工温度为20℃以上,优选20℃-50℃。该纳米颗粒可以有多种粒径。如果粒径变得太大,则组合物可能会不稳定,即可能会产生沉淀。合适的平均粒径可以是1nm-500nm,优选1nm-250nm,更优选1nm-100nm。颗粒尺寸可通过已知的技术,如通过光散射法或透射电子显微镜来确定。
本发明的组合物可以通过混合4-二甲基氨基吡啶稳定剂化合物,水,一种或多种溶于水的银盐,以及一种或多种具有将银离子还原到零价金属银的电势的金属离子进行制备。该离子以溶于水的盐的形式被添加。优选的,该稳定剂化合物,水,和水溶性银盐被混合后添加银还原剂。所用还原剂的量可以是任意能够生成所需零价金属银的量。该稳定剂化合物,水,和水溶性的银盐可以以按任意顺序添加。通常情况下,水溶性的银盐被溶于一定量的水中。然后该盐溶液加入到4-二甲基氨基吡啶稳定剂的水溶液中。然后通常是在室温下搅拌该混合物,并调节所需的pH值。通常在少量例如200ml时可以利用搅拌棒搅拌。在更大的量时采用均化器。常规的混合速率可以是3000-25000转/分钟。可以采用例如由费舍尔科技(Fisher Scientific)公司所制造的POWERGENTM700型的均化器装置。然后在混合物中添加一种或多种金属离子还原剂的盐并继续搅拌。在还原反应之后,可以认为生成了含有稳定剂和零价银的稳定的纳米颗粒。
可以采用多种银盐,只要该银盐具有足够的水溶性。可以采用银的无机酸盐或者有机酸盐。该银盐包括但不仅限于硝酸银,氧化银,醋酸银,高氯酸银,亚硫酸银,柠檬酸银和有机磺酸银。该银盐所用的量取决于具体银盐的水溶性。例如,所用银盐的量可以是5mg/L-10g/L,优选100mg/L-5g/L。
可以采用多种锡,铁和钛的盐以提供将银离子还原成金属银的离子。锡离子的来源包括但不限于盐,如卤化锡,锡的硫酸盐,锡的烷烃磺酸盐如甲磺酸锡,锡的芳基磺酸盐如苯基磺酸锡,苯酚磺酸锡和甲苯磺酸锡,以及锡的链烷醇磺酸盐。优选的锡化合物为硫酸锡,氯化锡,锡的烷烃磺酸盐或锡的芳基磺酸盐,更优选硫酸锡或甲磺酸锡。铁离子的来源包括但不限于溴化亚铁,氯化亚铁,氟化亚铁,硫酸亚铁,葡萄糖酸亚铁,和乳酸亚铁。钛离子的来源包括,但不限于,草酸钛,氟化钛钾,硫酸钛,和草酸钛钾。该金属盐按照将银离子还原成金属银的量添加进组合物中并可能过量添加超过的量以使得基本上组合物中所有的银离子都被还原成金属银即Ag0。在组合物中加入的所述离子的量为至少0.1g/L,优选至少1g/L,更优选1g/L-20g/L,进一步更优选2g/L-10g/L。
非金属离子的一种或多种附加还原剂也可以包括在组合物中以将银离子还原成金属银。可以采用多种这样的还原剂。该还原剂包括但不限于,氢,二醇类,化合物如氢化硼化合物,例如胺硼烷,例如二甲基胺硼烷(DMAB),三甲胺硼烷,异丙胺硼烷和吗啉硼烷,硼氢化钠和硼氢化钾,次磷酸,它们的铵、锂、钠、钾和钙盐,醛类,如甲醛,次磷酸盐,如次磷酸钠,肼,肼酸酐,羧酸,如甲酸和抗坏血酸,和还原糖,如葡萄糖,半乳糖,麦芽糖,乳糖,木糖和果糖。所用还原剂的量决定于组合物中银盐的量。通常所用还原剂的量为5mg/L-500mg/L,优选的量为20mg/L-200mg/L。
由于催化剂组合物包含一零价银即AgO,因此采用这一组合物的加工避免了在化学金属镀覆之前的还原的步骤。另外,该组合物还使金属对基板具有良好的粘附性。减小甚至更优选的是完全避免了随银离子粒径的增长和凝聚以及沉淀而产生的问题。另外,金属化时在基板的制备中避免了在使用锡时所需的加速步骤,从而消除了现有的金属化时制备非导电性基板的一个常规步骤。
本发明的组合物可用于基板的化学金属镀覆的催化剂组合物,其基板包括有机和无机材料如玻璃、陶瓷、瓷器、树脂、纸、布和它们的组合。基板还包括金属包层和非包层的材料,如印刷电路板。这样的印刷电路板包括带有热固性树脂,热塑性树脂及它们的组合的金属包层和非包层基板,并且进一步可以包括纤维如玻璃纤维,和以上的浸渍的实施方式。基板的金属化的方法步骤的温度和时间周期是常规的并且在本领域中是众所周知的。
热塑性树脂包括但不限于缩醛树脂,丙烯酸树脂如丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸乙酯,甲基丙烯酸乙酯,丙烯酸丁酯和含有上述任意的共聚物;纤维素树脂如丙酸纤维素,乙酸丁酸纤维素和硝酸纤维素;聚醚,尼龙,聚乙烯,聚苯乙烯,苯乙烯掺混物如丙烯腈-苯乙烯及共聚物和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物;聚碳酸酯;聚氯三氟乙烯;和乙烯基聚合物及共聚物如乙酸乙烯酯,乙烯醇,乙烯基缩丁醛,氯乙烯,氯乙烯-醋酸酯共聚物,偏二氯乙烯和乙烯基甲醛。
热固性树脂包括但不限于烯丙基邻苯二甲酸酯,呋喃,三聚氰胺-甲醛,苯酚-甲醛和苯酚-糠醛共聚物,单独或与丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,聚丙烯酸酯,硅树脂,脲甲醛,环氧基树脂,烯丙基树脂,邻苯二甲酸甘油酯和聚酯复合。
本组合物可以用于具有高和低Tg的树脂的催化。低Tg树脂具有低于160℃的Tg而高Tg树脂具有160℃以上的Tg。通常情况下,高Tg树脂具有160℃-280℃或者如170℃-240℃的Tg。高Tg的聚合物树脂包括但不仅限于聚四氟乙烯(“PTFE”)和PTFE共混物。典型的共混物包括PTFE与聚苯醚(PPO)和氰酸酯。其他类的包括高Tg树脂的聚合物树脂是环氧树脂,如双官能和多官能环氧树脂,双马来酰亚胺/三嗪和环氧树脂(BT环氧树脂),环氧/聚苯醚树脂,丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯,聚碳酸酯(PC),聚苯醚(PPO),聚苯醚(PPE),聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚砜(PS),聚酰胺,聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚醚酮(PEEK),液晶聚合物,聚氨酯,聚醚酰亚胺,环氧树脂以及它们的组合。
该组合物可以用于在通孔的壁上沉积零价银。这些组合物可用于印刷布线板的制造过程中横向和纵向加工。
通孔通常是通过钻孔或打孔或其他本领域已知的方式形成在一印刷布线板上。在形成通孔以后,可选地采用水和常规的有机溶液进行漂洗以对板进行清洗和脱脂,然后对通孔壁进行除胶渣处理。除胶渣处理是本领域所熟知的,在本领域中,通常通孔除胶渣处理在开始时采用溶剂溶胀。
溶剂溶胀在本领域中是熟知的,并且常规的溶胀剂都可用于对通孔进行除胶渣。该溶胀剂通常包括但不限制于乙二醇醚和其相关联的醚乙酸酯。所用的乙二醇醚和其相关联的醚乙酸酯可采用常规的量。市售可用于溶胀剂的例子是CIRCUPOSITTM调节剂3302,CIRCUPOSITTM孔制备用3303和CIRCUPOSITTM孔制备用4120,都可以通过马萨诸塞州马尔堡的陶氏电子材料(Dow ElectronicMaterials)公司的市售产品获得。
可选的是,该通孔随后被用水漂洗。通常然后对通孔使用氧化剂。合适的氧化剂包括但不限于,硫酸,铬酸,碱性高锰酸盐或通过等离子蚀刻。通常使用的是碱性高锰酸钾作为氧化剂。市售氧化剂的一个例子是可从陶氏电子材料(DowElectronic Materials)公司市售获得的CIRCUPOSITTM促进剂4130。
可选的是,该通孔随后被再次用水漂洗。通常在然后对通孔使用中和剂以中和任何氧化剂留下的酸性或碱性残留。可以采用常规的中和剂。通常情况中和剂是包含一种或多种胺的碱性水溶液,或者是含有3重量百分比的过氧化物和3重量百分比的硫酸的溶液。可选的是,该通孔经过水漂洗然后板被干燥。
经过中和步骤,基板(例如具有通孔的PWB板)通过给基材施加碱性调节剂进行调节。这样的碱性调节剂包括但不限于含有一个或多个季胺和多胺以及一个或多个表面活性剂的碱性表面活性剂水溶液。其中所用的该表面活性剂是常规的阳离子表面活性剂,也可以采用其他的表面活性剂如阴离子型,非离子型和两性型的,以及表面活性剂的组合。另外,调节剂中还可以包括pH调节剂或缓冲剂。通常情况下将阳离子表面活性剂与非离子型表面活性剂相结合。表面活性剂可以以0.05-5重量百分比、优选0.25-1重量百分比的量存在于调节剂中。市售的碱性调节剂包括但不仅限于,是CIRCUPOSITTM调节剂231,813和860,均可以通过陶氏电子材料(Dow Electronic Materials)公司品获得。可选的是,通孔在经过调节以后用水漂洗。
阳离子表面活性剂包括但不限于,四烷基铵的卤化物,烷基三甲基铵的卤化物,羟乙基烷基咪唑啉,烷基苯扎铵的卤化物,烷基胺的醋酸盐,烷基胺的油酸酯和烷基氨基乙基甘氨酸。
非离子型表面活性剂包括但不限于,脂族醇如醇烷氧基化物。这样的脂族醇有环氧乙烷,环氧丙烷,或它们的组合,使产生的化合物在分子内具有聚氧乙烯或聚氧丙烯链即由循环(-O-CH2-CH2-)基团组成的链或由循环(-O-CH2-CH-CH3)基团组成的链或它们的组合。常见的醇烷氧基化物为具有直链或支链的7至15个碳原子的碳链、4-20摩尔的乙氧基化物、通常为5-40摩尔的乙氧基化物、更通常地5至15摩尔的乙氧基化物的醇乙氧基化物。这些的醇烷氧基化物很多都是有市售的。市售的醇烷氧基化物中的例子有直链伯醇乙氧基化物如NEODOL91-6,NEODOL91-8和NEODOL91-9(直链醇乙氧基化物中每摩尔平均具有6-9摩尔环氧乙烷的C9-C11的醇),和NEODOL1-73B(直链伯醇乙氧基化物中每摩尔平均具有7摩尔环氧乙烷共混物的C11的醇),都可以从壳牌化学试剂(Shell Chemicals)公司市售获得。
阴离子表面活性剂包括但不限于,烷基苯磺酸盐,烷基或烷氧基萘磺酸盐,烷基二苯基醚磺酸盐,烷基醚磺酸盐,烷基硫酸酯,聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸酯,聚氧乙烯烷基苯酚醚硫酸酯,高级醇磷酸单酯,聚氧化烯烷基醚磷酸(磷酸盐)和烷基磺基琥珀酸盐。
两性表面活性剂包括但不限于,2-烷基-N-羧基甲基或乙基N-羟乙基或甲基咪唑鎓甜菜碱,2-烷基-N-羧甲基或乙基-N-羧基甲氧基乙基咪唑鎓甜菜碱,二烷基甜菜碱,N-烷基-β-氨基丙酸或其盐和脂肪酸酰氨基丙基二甲基氨基乙酸甜菜碱。
调节步骤之后进行通孔的微蚀刻。可以采用常规的微蚀刻组合物。微蚀刻在暴露的铜上(例如内层)上形成了一种微糙化的铜表面,以增强后续沉积的化学镀或者电镀金属的粘附性。微蚀刻剂包括但不限于,60g/L-120g/L的过硫酸钠或过硫酸钠或钠或钾的氧基单过硫酸盐和硫酸(2%)的混合物,或硫酸/过氧化氢的混合物。市售微刻蚀组合物的一个例子是可从陶氏电子材料(DowElectronic Materials)公司市售获得的CIRCUPOSITTM微蚀剂3330。可选择地将通孔用水漂洗。
可选的是,对微蚀刻的通孔应用预浸。预浸剂的例子包括2%-5%的盐酸或含25g/L-75g/L氯化钠的酸性溶液。可选择将通孔用冷水漂洗。
然后将零价银的水溶液胶体组合物施加到通孔上以充当化学镀覆金属沉积的催化剂。在工艺温度下将含水组合物施加到通孔上。通常水溶液组合物施加到该通孔的温度在至少20℃以上,优选从20℃至50℃,更优选从20℃至40℃的温度。可选择地在施加催化剂之后将通孔用水漂洗。
然后在通孔的壁上镀覆金属,如铜,镍,或采用化学金属镀浴的铜或镍的合金。可采用常用的包括浸浴的化学镀浴。这类镀液在本领域中是众所周知的。通常情况下,在印制布线板被放置在含有所需沉积在通孔壁上的金属的金属离子的化学或浸渍的金属镀浴中。可沉积在通孔壁上的金属包括但不限于,铜,镍,金,银和铜/镍合金。也可以在通孔壁上已沉积了的铜,铜/镍或镍沉积之上通过浸渍金或银沉积一层金或银层。优选的是在通孔壁上沉积铜,金或银,更优选的是在通孔壁上沉积铜。
在通孔壁上沉积金属之后,可以选择将通孔经水漂洗。任选地,可对通孔壁上沉积的金属施加抗变色的组合物。可以使用常规的抗变色组合物。该抗变色组合物的一个例子是可从陶氏电子材料(Dow Electronic Materials)公司市售获得的ANTI TARNISHTM7130的组合物。可选择将通孔用热水漂洗并将板干燥。
通孔在通过化学或浸渍金属镀浴镀覆金属之后,基板可以经历进一步的处理。进一步的处理包括光学成像和在基板上进一步进行金属沉积的常规步骤,例如电镀如铜、铜合金、锡以及锡合金的金属沉积。可采用常规的电镀金属浴。这些镀浴是在本领域中所熟知的。
本组合物形成了一稳定的带有零价银纳米粒子的4-二甲基氨基吡啶的水性胶体溶液,可用于非导电性的基板、尤其是用于制造电子元件的基板的化学镀覆金属沉积的催化。此外,该组合物使金属与基材具有良好的附着性。随着零价金属银粒径生长以及凝聚和沉淀而产生的问题也被大大减小,并优选被消除。由于在组合物中舍弃了钯,该催化剂的成本降低了。该稳定的银组合物可施加到衬底上而不需要事先的调节步骤,并且在基材金属化的制备过程中当使用常规的锡/钯时所需的加速步骤也被省略了,从而可以消除基板金属化制备中两个常规的步骤。另外,银的组合物在暴露的空气中在室温和加工温度下是稳定的。零价的银组合物基本上使金属镀覆的通孔具有均匀的金属镀层并使通孔具有足够的导电性以能够进行通孔电镀镀覆。零价银组合物也使印刷布线板中所有含多通道金属的路径具有足够的导电性。
在下面的例子中详细描述了本发明的一些实施例。
实施例1
制备激活浴
在1L含有700毫升的去离子水的玻璃烧杯中加入13.6g4-二甲基氨基吡啶和9g磷酸二氢钾。在室温下精确搅拌溶液,并通过加入1M氢氧化钾溶液将pH值调节至7。加入6g锡(II)的硫酸盐继续搅拌五分钟。通过使用1.5微米的G6费舍尔玻璃纤维过滤器过滤除去白色沉淀,随后在去离子水中滴加40mL的73.6mmol的硝酸银溶液,同时将溶液用均化器以6000rpm的转速混合。银溶液的加入导致颜色立即变化成暗红棕色。对所得的300ppm的金属银溶液通过加入1M的氢氧化钾溶液将pH值的从7升至9。在花边碳载体上吸收活化溶液随后由高分辨率的透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行分析表明,该溶液含有的结晶化银纳米球状颗粒的直径为5nm。
实施例2
通孔筛选程序
准备六个NP-175,TU-752,Shengyi1000-2,Shengyi-1141,FR-406,370HR型预钻孔的8层多层层压板。预钻通孔具有10毫米的直径。该板通过下文所述的工作流程加工。
1.对每块板的通孔采用CIRCUPOSITTM MLB调节剂211(可从陶氏电子材料公司获得)在80℃下进行7分钟的除胶渣处理,并进行4分钟冷自来水漂洗。
2.然后对通孔用PROMOTERTM213碱性高锰酸盐制剂(可从陶氏电子材公司获得)在80℃下处理10分钟,并进行4分钟冷自来水漂洗。
3.然后对电路板上的通孔用NEUTRALIZERTM213组合物(可从陶氏电子材公司获得)的过氧化氢和硫酸的混合物在46℃处理5分钟,并用冷自来水漂洗。
4.然后对除胶渣后的贯通孔采用3体积百分比的CONDITIONERTM231碱性调节剂(可从陶氏电子材公司获得)在40℃进行5分钟的调节以进行镀覆的准备,并用冷自来水漂洗。
5.然后对每块板的通孔采用含有过硫酸铵的PREPOSITTM748的碱性水溶液(可从陶氏电子材公司获得)在22℃进行2分钟的微蚀刻,接着用冷自来水漂洗4分钟。
6.然后在室温下对通孔施加2体积百分比盐酸水溶液的预浸渍剂1分钟,然后用冷自来水冲洗1分钟。
7.然后对通孔用上述实施例1中描述的零价银催化剂在40℃处理5分钟,接着用冷自来水漂洗4分钟。
8.然后对板上通孔的壁采用CIRCUPOSITTM880化学铜镀覆浴剂(可从陶氏电子材公司获得)在38℃进行15分钟的化学铜镀覆。
化学沉积完成后,对所有6个层压材料的样品使用常规的研磨加工进行研磨,以暴露通孔的中部,并被装在光学显微镜上以检查整个通孔的铜的覆盖程度。在6个层压的结构中每个均检查共10个通孔总计60个通孔。在每个孔的检查中铜的覆盖均是完整和均匀的。
然后对多层板用10%的硫酸在22℃下酸洗2分钟,接下来将每块板均置于ELECTROPOSITTMEP-110B-3电镀铜浴剂(可从陶氏高级材料(Dow AdvancedMaterials)公司获得)的浴中放置。浴的温度为25℃。每块板被连接到一个常规整流器,并且阳极是一种可溶性的铜电极。电镀在2ASD的电流密度下进行2小时。
电镀后,多层电路板在125℃的烘箱中烘烤10小时,并漂浮在288℃的63%/37%的锡/铅焊罐中进行10秒的热应力ASTM测试。该板在板同一侧面均漂浮6次,每次漂浮之间有2分钟的冷却间隔。然后对该板进行研磨以暴露通孔的中部,并使用光学显微镜检查存在的连接缺陷(ICD),其表现为化学镀覆铜的内层和电镀通孔之间的不连续性。六个层压板的每个均检查240个连接共计检查1440个连接,只有一个观察到缺陷。尽管在热应力下内层出现变形或倾斜,化学镀覆铜的内层和通孔之间的连接仍保持完好,突出显示了良好的粘合性。
Claims (10)
1.一种组合物,它包含零价银,4-二甲基氨基吡啶和具有将银离子还原为零价银的电势的一种或多种金属离子。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中具有将银离子还原为零价银的电势的一种或多种金属离子选自于锡离子,铁离子和钛离子。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中的pH值为3-11。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中零价银的量为25ppm-1000ppm。
5.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中4-二甲基氨基吡啶的量是0.1g/L-20g/L。
6.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中具有将银离子还原为零价银的电势的一种或多种金属离子的量为0.1g/L-5g/L。
7.一种方法,它包括:
(a)提供具有多个通孔的基板;
(b)在通孔表面涂敷权利要求1的组合物;然后
(c)在通孔表面化学沉积金属。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,还包括在步骤(c)中化学沉积的金属之上电解沉积第二金属的步骤。
9.根据权利要求7的方法,还包括在步骤(b)之前用氧化剂接触通孔的表面的步骤。
10.根据权利要求7的方法,还包括在步骤(b)之前用表面活性剂接触通孔的表面的步骤。
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CN111763930A (zh) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-13 | 赤壁市聚茂新材料科技有限公司 | 一种非钯活化镀铜工艺及其敏化剂、活化剂 |
CN112091231A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-18 | 广东工业大学 | 一种不同形状纳米银颗粒及其制备方法 |
CN113791214A (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2021-12-14 | 南京黎明生物制品有限公司 | 一种沙眼衣原体抗原检测用增强液及检测方法 |
CN114836769A (zh) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-02 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种2,6-二氨基吡啶/银多孔光电极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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US9451707B2 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2016-09-20 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Stabilized silver catalysts and methods |
US9869026B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2018-01-16 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Electroless copper plating compositions |
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CN104519664B (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2018-04-17 | 北大方正集团有限公司 | 印制电路板的清洗方法和印制电路板 |
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CN112091231A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-18 | 广东工业大学 | 一种不同形状纳米银颗粒及其制备方法 |
CN113791214A (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2021-12-14 | 南京黎明生物制品有限公司 | 一种沙眼衣原体抗原检测用增强液及检测方法 |
CN113791214B (zh) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-22 | 南京黎明生物制品有限公司 | 一种沙眼衣原体抗原检测用增强液及其应用 |
CN114836769A (zh) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-02 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种2,6-二氨基吡啶/银多孔光电极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114836769B (zh) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-03-22 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种2,6-二氨基吡啶/银多孔光电极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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