CN103211662A - 人工血管 - Google Patents

人工血管 Download PDF

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CN103211662A
CN103211662A CN2013101160770A CN201310116077A CN103211662A CN 103211662 A CN103211662 A CN 103211662A CN 2013101160770 A CN2013101160770 A CN 2013101160770A CN 201310116077 A CN201310116077 A CN 201310116077A CN 103211662 A CN103211662 A CN 103211662A
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blood vessel
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cadre
artificial blood
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浅野拓司
横山大辅
木下良彦
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Nikkiso Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种人工血管10,包括两端上连接血管的干部12、由干部分支出的接入用支部14、16和分流用支部18。接入用支部14、16上配置有实心圆柱形的接入端口20,塞住这些支部。接入端口20包括实心的中心部22和以包围中心部22的方式配置的管状的周边部24。周边部24较中心部22硬,以便防止针从中心部22内偏离。通过这样,可在以高频率对血管进行穿刺的疗法中更容易地进行穿刺。

Description

人工血管
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于从留置在体内的人工血管中导出液体或者向人工血管中导入液体的接入端口。 
背景技术
在将血液透析、血液净化疗法等患者的血液暂时取出体外、再次返回体内的血液体外循环疗法中,需要高密度地穿刺血管。若对血管进行高密度穿刺,则会出现形成血管瘤、产生狭窄的情况。已有人提议使用了能减少对血管的穿刺次数的体内留置型装置的血管通路(血管到达法)。下述专利文献1中公开了一血管通道,通过套管与导管相连的血液室具有隔膜,将针插入该隔膜,通过该针进行将血液等导入血管、从血管中导出血液等。由于受到反复穿刺的是隔膜,因而血管损伤得以减轻。 
现有技术文献: 
专利文献 
专利文献1:日本专利特表平9-510885号公报 
发明内容
进行穿刺时,若针的方向偏移,则会出现液体难以流通的状态。现在,多数穿刺是在医疗机构中由熟练的医护人员进行实施的。但是,对于实施家庭透析法等的患者而言,重点关心的是正确、安全且简便地进行穿刺。此外,即使是在医疗机构等中也期待能正确、安全且简便地进行穿刺的技术。 
本发明旨在提供一种可正确、安全且简便地实施穿刺的接入端口。 
通过本发明,提供一种设置在人工血管的分支部分的接入端口。该接入端口呈柱状,将针插到该接入端口上,从体内排出液体或将液体导入体内。该接入端口具有插针用的实心的中心部和包围该中心部周围的管状的周边部,周边部较中心部硬。 
周边部的管状的内壁面可沿插针方向形成尖端渐细的锥状,也可在 周边部的至少部分外周面上形成凹凸部,周边部的外周也可用人工血管用材料覆盖。 
此外,根据本发明的其他形式,提供具有上述接入端口的人工血管。 
周边部比接入端口的中心部硬,因而防止针斜着插入。 
附图说明 
图1是显示具有接入端口的人工血管的一个例子的立体图。 
图2是显示强化部件的细节的图。 
图3是人工血管的分支部分的截面图。 
图4是人工血管的分支部分的截面图。 
图5是显示针插入人工血管的状态的说明图。 
具体实施方式
下面,根据附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。图1是显示具有接入端口的人工血管10的一个例子的立体图。该人工血管10用于将血液透析、血液净化疗法等将血液导出体外进行预定的处理后再次导入体内的血液体外循环治疗。人工血管10的两端分别连接在血管,尤其是静脉上,包括为该静脉搭桥的干部12和由干部分12支出的支部14、16、18。两个支部14、16是和用于将血液到出体外及将血液等液体导入体内的体外血液回路的连接点,另一支部18则是连接在动脉上的分流。将前者的两个支部14、16记作接入用支部14、16,将后者的支部18记作分流用支部18。干部12及分流用支部18留置于体内,接入用支部14、16的一部分暴露于体外。人工血管10可由ePTFE(膨体聚四氟乙烯)、PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)等常规的人工血管用材料形成。 
此外,距干部12的两端20mm左右的部分复合(包覆)了SHAp(烧结羟基磷灰石高分散性纳米粒子),因此可使生物血管和人工血管的接合面平滑,能在提高通畅率的同时防止初期吻合部的渗血。 
接入用支部14、16内配置有接入端口20。接入端口20整体为实心的柱状,圆柱状为佳,具有与支部14、16同等的长度,充满支部14、16的内部。也就是说,由于接入端口20,支部14、16处于上栓的状态。接入端口20包括沿柱状的轴线延伸的中心部22和包围中心部周围的管状的周边部24。在图1中分别显示出中心部22和周边部24。中心部22正 好嵌在周边部24的管状的内部,通过这样,接入端口20整体形成实心的柱状。管状的周边部24的管内壁在前端,即在朝向顶端,即干部12的方向能形成逐渐变细的锥状。与此相应,中心部22也做成顶端细的锥状。[0014]前述锥状的角度深受血管走向和引出端口的位置影响。因此,锥状角度并不局限于前述范围,而是根据所谓的吻合位置和到表皮的距离按需进行的设计变更。 
接入端口20的材质可以是具有弹性的树脂材料,例如高压缩硅胶,中心部22为允许针插入的的硬度,周边部可以使用与中心部22相比硬度更高的硅胶。虽然这些硅胶的硬度约为10~80左右,但并不局限于该范围。 
周边部24的干部侧的外周面上形成有多个环状的沟槽26,通过这样,外周面在轴线方向上形成了具有凹凸形状的凹凸部28。由于该凹凸部28,接入用支部14、16的表面上也出现凹凸,这使得与生物体的适应良好。 
在干部12的支部14、16分支的位置及其邻接部分上内置有维持干部12的管状用的强化部件30。强化部件30被夹在该部分形成两层的人工血管壁间,不暴露在人工血管壁的外部。因此,强化部件30不直接接触血液,因而没有狭窄的风险。在图1中,强化部件独立显示,而在图2中则进行扩大显示。强化部件30近似筒状,具有网状结构。网如图示那样,是由偏菱形组合成的形状。通过设成网状结构,网状的凹凸与构成人工血管壁的树脂材料咬合,彼此良好适应。在长度方向上的接近中央的侧面上设有与支部14、16相对应的开口32。强化部件30的材质可以使用不锈钢、镍钛诺(镍-钛合金)等金属。 
图3是表示人工血管10的干部12和支部14、16分支的位置及与该部位邻接部分的截面的图。下面将与该分支位置邻接的部分记作分支部分。如前述那样,在分支部分,干部12由两层的人工血管壁构成。将内侧的血管壁记作内侧壁34,外侧的血管壁记作外侧壁36。这些内侧壁34和外侧壁36间夹着前述强化部件30。在干部12的轴线方向上,外侧壁36较强化部件30略长,在两端与内侧壁34全周紧贴,其结果,强化部件30不会外露。此外,在强化部件30的开口32的边缘,内侧壁34被卷入强化部件的外侧面,相反地,外侧壁36被卷入强化部件的内侧面,即使在该部分,强化部件30也不会外露。也就是说,强化部件30被内侧壁 34和外侧壁36完全覆盖。支部14、16的血管壁38在其外侧表面上形成有凹凸,反映形成在接入端口20的外周面上的凹凸部28的凹凸。 
随着该血管壁38的表面积的增加,与细胞的粘合面积扩大,生物相容性良好,进而,支部14、16的长度方向受到应力时,组织与装置发生剥离的风险降低,也会减轻对结合部的负荷。 
此外,图3中还显示了接入端口20的截面。如图示那样,中心部22具有尖端细的锥状,周边部24的内壁为尖端细的锥状。如图3所示,接入用支部14、16相对于干部12以角度θ倾斜配置,对应这种倾斜配置,接入端口20的顶端部相对于接入端口20的轴线倾斜形成,以使其与干部12的内壁面成平面。使与内壁面成平面,不会形成高低差。另外,前述倾斜配置的角度θ在大约40~60左右为理想的角度,但深受血管走向和引出端口位置影响。因此,倾斜配置的角度θ并不局限于前述数值范围,而可根据人工血管的吻合位置和到表皮的距离按需做适当设计变更。 
在对强化部件30的开口32进行界定的环状的环部分40上,缝合孔42排列在其周方向上。缝合线44穿过该缝合孔42,将干部12的血管壁即内侧壁34、外侧壁36与支部的血管壁38缝合。支部的血管壁38被缝合在干部的血管壁的内侧。如前述那样,内侧壁34被卷向外侧面,外侧壁36被卷向内侧面,因此,分别被缝合在环部分40的外与内。图4是表示支部的血管壁38被缝合于干部的血管壁外侧的例子。 
如图5所示,针如图5的实线26所示那样,从上方向左下方,即沿支部14、16的轴线25从支部14、16向干部12刺入。中心部22具有针能刺穿程度的硬度。如图5的虚线28所示的那样,若针相对于轴线25斜着刺入,则针的前端碰到周边部24。由于周边部24硬,因此,针不会进一步刺入,或者操作者会因感受到阻力而终止插入针。此外,如图5的点划线所示的那样,在针以相对于周边部24的内壁面以较小的角度刺入的情况下,当针的前端碰到周边部24的内壁面后,沿周边部24的内壁面向干部12前进,最终的针前端的位置不会出现大的偏离。尤其是由于周边部24的内壁面为向尖端渐细的锥形,在插入针的一端(体外侧的一端)的能插入针的区域的面积较大,而在血管侧的针突出的区域的面积较窄。 
此外,在针穿刺时,施加将支部14、16向里压的力,该力起到在分支部分从横向压瘪干部12的管状的作用。但是,在该人工血管10中,分支部分受到强化部件30的强化,因此强化部件30受到横向的力,防止 了干部12的变形和堵塞的发生。也就是说,强化部件30具有这样的刚性,使得干部12在受到来自横向的力时不发生堵塞。此外,取决于预计从横向作用的力的值,可按需变更强化部件30的材质、厚度、网状结构的开口率等。若针从接入端口20拔出,则由于中心部22的弹性,针扎开的孔关闭,回复到密封的状态。 
此外,也可在支部14、16的周围配置用例如SHAp(烧结羟基磷灰石高分散性纳米粒子)等具有生物亲和性的材料植绒加工而成的套。通过该套与皮下的成纤维细胞的牢固的组织粘合降低支部与皮肤的边界处的感染风险。 
接入端口20不局限于柔软的中心部和硬的周边部的两层构造,硬度也可以是从中心向外多阶段或连续地增加。 
上述人工血管10对应血液被暂时导出到体外,在执行预定的处理后返回到体内的疗法。在向血管内注入药液时,可通过形成一个接入端口来支持。即,其对应于具有注入药液用的接入端口的人工血管,其使用图1中包含支部14的左半部分。此外,即使对于不含支部的简单管的人工血管,通过配置筒状的强化部件,在适用于容易被施加横向力量的腕部或脚部的情况下也能抑制血管的变形。 
另外,在本实施方式中,以在接入端口的外周面的一部分上形成凹凸部28的情况为例进行了说明,但并不局限于此,也可在更广的范围上形成凹凸部28,例如可形成在整个外周面上。 
此外,在本实施方式中,以将接入端口20做成近似圆筒状的情况为例进行了说明,但并不局限于此,也可做成外径向体表部增大,能更容易接入的方式。 
在本实施方式中还以干部12和支部14、16通过缝合而连接的情况为例进行了说明,但并不局限于此,例如可以是干部和支部通过粘合进行连接。此外,以将配置有强化部件的部分的血管壁做成两层构造的情况为例进行了说明,但并不局限于此,也可将整个干部12做成两层构造。 
本发明并不局限于上述说明的实施方式,还包括权利要求范围中规定的本发明的技术范围乃至不脱离其本质的所有的变更及修正。 
符号说明: 
10人工血管、12干部、14、16接入用支部、18分流用支部、20接入端口、22中心部、24周边部、30强化部件。 

Claims (7)

1.一种人工血管,包括:
作为血管的一部分的干部;和
配置有插入从体内导出液体或将液体导入体内的针的接入端口的从前述干部分支出的支部,
其中所述干部包括配置在所述支部分支的位置及其邻接部分与所述人工血管的血管壁成为一体的筒状的强化部件,具有防止在受到从横向施加的力时所述人工血管出现堵塞的刚性;
其中配置有所述强化部件的所述血管壁部分具有内侧壁和外侧壁两层,所述强化部件夹在所述内侧壁和所述外侧壁之间,所述强化部件不露在外部,在所述强化部件的开口边,所述干部及所述支部的血管壁折叠连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人工血管,其中,所述强化部件的桶壁为网状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的人工血管,其中,所述强化部件在所述支部分支的位置上具有开口,所述干部和所述支部在该开口位置处连接。
4.根据权利要求2所述的人工血管,其中,所述强化部件在所述支部分支的位置上具有开口,所述干部和所述支部在该开口位置出连接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的人工血管,其中,所述干部和所述支部在所述开口位置通过缝合而连接。
6.根据权利要求3所述的人工血管,其中,在界定所述开口的环状部分上沿周方向排列有多个缝合孔,将缝合线穿过所述缝合孔缝合所述干部和所述支部。
7.根据权利要求5所述的人工血管,其中,在界定所述开口的环状部分上沿周方向排列有多个缝合孔,将缝合线穿过所述缝合孔缝合所述干部和所述支部。
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