CN103210788A - Industrialized production method of pleurotus eryngii - Google Patents
Industrialized production method of pleurotus eryngii Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an industrialized production method of pleurotus eryngii. The industrialized production method of the pleurotus eryngii comprises the steps of strain cultivation, compost preparation and fungus bag manufacturing, inoculating, fungus germination management, bud trimming management, harvesting and packaging. The industrialized production method of the pleurotus eryngii has the advantages that bagasse is used as one of the main materials for the cultivation of the pleurotus eryngii, the range of cultivation materials of the pleurotus eryngii is widened, using capacity of agriculture waste is enlarged, environment pollution is reduced, extension of the industrial chain of sugarcane production is promoted, and due to the fact that the industrialized production method of the pleurotus eryngii can not be influenced by natural factors easily, the pleurotus eryngii can be produced all year round, efficiency is increased by more than 60% compared with the efficiency by adopting a traditional cultivation method, biological efficiency can reach to 60-80%, fungus bag inoculating efficiency is improved due to the fact that battens coated with parent fungi are adopted for the inoculating of the fungus bag, the success rate of the fungus bag inoculating reaches to more than 99.9%, contamination rate of the fungus bag inoculating is reduced, fungus germination is fast, time for the fungus germination of the fungus bag is shortened, and production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the culture technique of Xingbao mushroom, particularly the Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method.
Background technology
Though China is Edible Fungi big country, the kind of rare edible mushroom is also very limited; Simultaneously, compare with developed countries such as Japan, France, Holland, also have many gaps at aspects such as bacterial classification innovation, cultivation management and deep processings.Particularly kind is upgraded and is processed two aspects and also is difficult to satisfy and produces and the requirement in market.Along with the raising of China's living standards of the people and the development of cooking culture, the diet of requirement taste is more and more higher, makes the sharp increase of rare edible mushroom Xingbao mushroom demand, is in a terrible debt in market, the holding at high price of rare edible fungus, and productivity effect is very considerable.
Current, the culturing edible fungus of China is still based on traditional category such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae, white fungus, flat mushroom and Asparagus etc., and quantity is less than 10 kinds; The nature cultivation season mainly concentrates on autumn, winter, and the cultivar of high temperature season seldom.Simultaneously, China overwhelming majority's Edible Fungi zone is still based on cultivation naturally, and its shortcoming is to produce to be subjected to the restriction ratio in season bigger poor controllability; Therefore, be difficult to accomplish long-term stable market supply.The factory culture edible mushroom is the modern Edible Fungi technology that develops rapidly in recent years, is characterized in industrial and annual production, and it is intelligent to carry out environment control, production operation automation, target level of product qualityization.Batch production, intelligent culturing edible fungus reach anti-season production, make the year-round supply of edible mushroom become possibility, people are spent at all seasons can have the mushroom based food, thereby greatly increase economic efficiency.But intelligent, industrial and annual is produced edible mushroom, and early investment is bigger, and operating cost is higher relatively, needs the enterprise of certain economic strength, just might accomplish.
Xingbao mushroom production has very big development potentiality, and its output and consumption area may become bulk product in the world, and the same with agaricus bisporus, mushroom, its development prospect is very good.Edible mushroom is a good project of adjusting agricultural planting structure towards international and domestic market.China's human resources are abundant, and labor cost is relatively low, the price of producing edible mushroom only be the international market 1/10 in addition lower, have stronger price advantage in the international market.Edible mushroom is turned waste into wealth, and is the good industry that solves surplus labor's difficult problem, and China's development mushroom industry can solve a large amount of town and country labours' the problem of employment.Simultaneously, mushroom industry becomes the first-selected project that agricultural structure is adjusted with the high production of low input, and the input and output specific energy reaches 1:1-2.In recent years, China people's living standard improves year by year, and more and more to the demand of the rare mushroom veriety of top grade, price is also in rising trend thereupon, reaches 15-40 unit/kilogram as Xingbao mushroom existing market price.
Xingbao mushroom is nutritious, delicious flavour, good appearance, output are higher, generally adopts cotton seed hulls or cotton seed hulls and wood chip compound, and production efficiency can reach 60-80%.Xingbao mushroom fruiting temperature is 13-18 ℃, belongs to the low form kind.The Xingbao mushroom nutriments such as needing carbon source, nitrogenous source, mineral matter, vitamin that grows, traditional planting almond abalone mushroom is the natural environment that utilizes winter, in plastic tunnel, cultivate, this mode Xinbao mushroom culturing exist yield poorly, the quality instability, be subjected to effect of natural conditions big, be difficult to satisfy the needs in market.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention for provide a kind of can Xingbao mushroom output height, quality height, be subjected to effect of natural conditions little, can satisfy the Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method of the needs in market.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
This Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method, it may further comprise the steps:
1) spawn culture:
The prescription of the medium of spawn culture and the mass percent of each component are: batten 30-33%, and wheat skin 25-32%, wood chip 25-32%, calcium carbonate 1%, all the other are wheat;
A, be one group with the 30-36 root, be put in the bottle after tying up batten;
B, wheat skin, wood chip, calcium carbonate and wheat are added water stir, the mixture of De Maipi, wood chip, calcium carbonate and 4 kinds of components of wheat, the water content of described mixture is 50-52%, a part of mixture is joined the bottle of putting into batten, and the height of the mixture that is added surpasses batten 0.4-0.6 cm; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating central authorities burrow and are beneficial to inoculation and ventilative in bottle;
C, will install the bottle jam-pack of each component of bacterium culture medium with cotton plug, and need to pinch cotton plug with hand and mention bottle and do not fall, cotton plug is of moderate size, and fills in expansion place that part in the bottle is no more than bottleneck, does not run into each component of bacterium culture medium;
D, the bottle among the step C is covered with splash guard, put into autoclave sterilization 7-7.5h, the bottle after the sterilization is chilled to by force below 30 ℃ after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃;
E, female bacterium is linked in the bottle, after inoculation finished, culturing room's temperature was controlled at 22-26 ℃ of hair tube and manages, and cultivates 25-28 days;
2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation and bacterium pack work:
The mass percent of composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription and each component is: corncob 20-30%, and bagasse 20-30%, oatmeal, corn flour, dregs of beans be 20-30% altogether, and all the other are wood chip;
A, put each component in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription into agitator by its proportioning, add water and stir, mixing time is not less than 20min, stirs back moisture and is controlled at 63-64%;
B, each component after will stirring polypropylene plastics pocket of packing into is made the bacterium bag;
C, with the bacterium bag 7-7.5h that sterilizes, the bacterium after the sterilization wraps in after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃, is chilled to by force below 30 ℃, its pH of bacterium bag sterilization back control is 5.8-6.5;
3) inoculation: when the bag heart temperature of bacterium bag is no more than 26 ℃, 1 batten that is attached with female bacterium is inserted into bacterium bag bottom, and the bacterium culture medium that will contain female bacterium is sprinkled upon bacterium and wraps, cover bacterium fully and wrap the surface;
4) hair tube reason: inoculate and treat after 33-35 days that the bacterium bag covers with mycelia 300-350g, moves into fruiting room fruiting with the bacterium bag;
5) pick off some alabastrum: continue cultivation and grew the mushroom flower bud in 12-13 days, the mushroom flower bud is dredged flower bud, the mushroom flower bud 200-250g that prunes away stays 2-3 mushroom flower bud;
6) gather: the Xingbao mushroom of gathering after continued growth 6-7 days behind the thin flower bud;
7) packing: cut before the mushroom wash clean hand and cut the mushroom cutter; Ream the wood chip part of mushroom head, fix the mushroom base portion, ream surperficial booty,, carry out by grade packaged by the level classification.
Further, the requirement to component in the medium of described spawn culture is: wood chip is drenched water more than 2 months before using; Bagasse was deposited behind the water of drenching in 2-3 days before use; That dregs of beans, wheat skin, corn flour need is fresh, do not have caking, no musty; Wheat was soaked 1.5-2.5 days with 2% limewash, pulled that remaining limewash pH is 6.5-7.0 behind the wheat out; Batten soaked 1 day with 2% limewash.
Further, the batten in the medium of described spawn culture is by the broadleaf tree material forming, the high 12-14cm of batten, cross-sectional area 0.4-0.6 * 0.4-0.6cm
2
Further, the weight ratio of oatmeal, corn flour, dregs of beans is 1.8-2.2:1:1 in the described plant formulation.
Further, the requirement of component is in the described plant formulation: corncob uses and was soaked in water in preceding 1 day; It is 0.2-0.5cm that bagasse is crushed to the particle average grain diameter with the dnockout machine.
Further, described bacterium packs as each component of the polypropylene plastics pocket of will packing into baling press and makes the bacterium bag, and described bacterium bag quality is 1.2-1.25kg, and height is 18.5-19cm.
Further, requirement in the described inoculation is: meet the bacterium personnel and test the fungi and the bacterial number of the ground space of points of space, 1 cleaning shop and other necessity every day with culture dish, the ground space of points of monitoring space, cleaning shop and other necessity does not have fungi and bacterial growth; Keep the transfer room health, temperature is 22-24 ℃, keeps interior temperature 4-7 ℃ of refrigerator; Inoculate the previous day, the batten that is attached with female bacterium pollution-free, no aging phenomenon is cleaned with the 1% bromogeramine aqueous solution that the boiling water that cools off is made into.
Further, described hair's tube reason require be: the bacterium bag of inoculate in time enters the bacteria room, after every row is full with the sterilization that carries out disinfection of 40% formalin, in the maintenance bacteria room temperature 21-24 ℃; Shading is wanted in the bacteria room, keeps dark; Relative air humidity is controlled in 70%, regularly ventilates, and keeps air fresh.
Further, the described requirement that picks off some alabastrum is: use the special use of sterilizing to dredge the flower bud cutter and dredge flower bud; When dredging flower bud, can not run into the mushroom flower bud that will stay or the mushroom flower bud of adjacent bacterium bag.
Further, the described Xingbao mushroom central temperature that is packaged as is carried out by the level vacuum packaging it when being 1-4 ℃.
Bagasse is the main by product of cane sugar manufacture industry, be sugarcane through broken and extract sugarcane juice after the fibroid residue of cane stalk, belong to a kind of in the agricultural solid residue, also be a kind of renewable resources.Cellulose is 32-48%, hemicellulose 19-24%, lignin 23-32%, ash content about 4% in the composition of bagasse.The growth that bagasse can be Xingbao mushroom provides carbon source.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme: by the improvement to spawn culture based formulas and plant formulation, and to the management of several steps in the Xingbao mushroom production process, obtained beneficial effect, be mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, utilize bagasse as one of major ingredient Xinbao mushroom culturing, expanded the scope of planting almond abalone mushroom material, effectively utilized agricultural byproduct-bagasse, increased agricultural and sideline waste material and use ability for the sugarcane production district, minimizing plays a driving role to extending the sugarcane production industrial chain to the pollution of environment.
2, influenced by natural cause little for Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method of the present invention, whole year production that can real Xingbao mushroom, prolong nearly 7 months of planting almond abalone mushroom time, increase more than 60% than traditional cultivation mode efficient, by 2.4 jin of each bacterium bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating, produce Xingbao mushroom 600 grams, biology efficient reaches 60-80%; Can produce bright mushroom 5-6 ton every day.Broken the limitation in season, made the long-term stable market supply of Xingbao mushroom, improved the production efficiency of Xingbao mushroom, the phenomenon that more solves town and country s anxiety provides technical support.
3, adopt the batten that is attached with female bacterium that the bacterium bag is inoculated, improve bacterium bag inoculation efficient, bacterium bag success ratio of inoculation reaches more than 99.9%, reduce bacterium bag inoculation pollution rate, sending out bacterium speeds up, the time of covering with the bacterium bag than conventional method inoculation mycelia shortens 5-10 days, shortens the bacterium bag and sends out the bacterium time, enhances productivity.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method, it may further comprise the steps:
1) spawn culture:
The prescription of the medium of spawn culture and the mass percent of each component are: batten 30-33%, and wheat skin 25-32%, wood chip 25-32%, calcium carbonate 1%, all the other are wheat;
A, be one group with the 30-36 root, be put in the bottle after tying up batten;
B, wheat skin, wood chip, calcium carbonate and wheat are added water stir, the mixture of De Maipi, wood chip, calcium carbonate and 4 kinds of components of wheat, the water content of described mixture is 50-52%, a part of mixture is joined the bottle of putting into batten, and the height of the mixture that is added surpasses batten 0.4-0.6 cm; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating central authorities burrow and are beneficial to inoculation and ventilative in bottle;
C, will install the bottle jam-pack of each component of bacterium culture medium with cotton plug, and need to pinch cotton plug with hand and mention bottle and do not fall, cotton plug is of moderate size, and fills in expansion place that part in the bottle is no more than bottleneck, does not run into each component of bacterium culture medium;
D, the bottle among the step C is covered with splash guard, put into autoclave sterilization 7-7.5h, the bottle after the sterilization is chilled to by force below 30 ℃ after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃;
E, female bacterium is linked in the bottle, after inoculation finished, culturing room's temperature was controlled at 22-26 ℃ of hair tube and manages, and cultivates 25-28 days;
2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation and bacterium pack work:
The mass percent of composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription and each component is: corncob 20-30%, and bagasse 20-30%, oatmeal, corn flour, dregs of beans be 20-30% altogether, and all the other are wood chip;
A, put each component in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription into agitator by its proportioning, add water and stir, mixing time is not less than 20min, stirs back moisture and is controlled at 63-64%;
B, each component after will stirring polypropylene plastics pocket of packing into is made the bacterium bag;
C, with the bacterium bag 7-7.5h that sterilizes, the bacterium after the sterilization wraps in after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃, is chilled to by force below 30 ℃, its pH of bacterium bag sterilization back control is 5.8-6.5;
3) inoculation: when the bag heart temperature of bacterium bag is no more than 26 ℃, 1 batten that is attached with female bacterium is inserted into bacterium bag bottom, and the bacterium culture medium that will contain female bacterium is sprinkled upon bacterium and wraps, cover bacterium fully and wrap the surface;
4) hair tube reason: inoculate and treat after 33-35 days that the bacterium bag covers with mycelia 300-350g, moves into fruiting room fruiting with the bacterium bag;
5) pick off some alabastrum: continue cultivation and grew the mushroom flower bud in 12-13 days, the mushroom flower bud is dredged flower bud, the mushroom flower bud 200-250g that prunes away stays 2-3 mushroom flower bud;
6) gather: the Xingbao mushroom of gathering after continued growth 6-7 days behind the thin flower bud;
7) packing: cut before the mushroom wash clean hand and cut the mushroom cutter; Ream the wood chip part of mushroom head, fix the mushroom base portion, ream surperficial booty,, carry out by grade packaged by the level classification.
Further, the requirement to component in the medium of described spawn culture is: wood chip is drenched water more than 2 months before using; Bagasse was deposited behind the water of drenching in 2-3 days before use; That dregs of beans, wheat skin, corn flour need is fresh, do not have caking, no musty; Wheat was soaked 1.5-2.5 days with 2% limewash, pulled that remaining limewash pH is 6.5-7.0 behind the wheat out; Batten soaked 1 day with 2% limewash.
Further, the batten in the medium of described spawn culture is by the broadleaf tree material forming, the high 12-14cm of batten, cross-sectional area 0.4-0.6 * 0.4-0.6cm
2
Further, the weight ratio of oatmeal, corn flour, dregs of beans is 1.8-2.2:1:1 in the described plant formulation.
Further, the requirement of component is in the described plant formulation: corncob uses and was soaked in water in preceding 1 day; It is 0.2-0.5cm that bagasse is crushed to the particle average grain diameter with the dnockout machine.
Further, described bacterium packs as each component of the polypropylene plastics pocket of will packing into baling press and makes the bacterium bag, and described bacterium bag quality is 1.2-1.25kg, and height is 18.5-19cm.
Further, requirement in the described inoculation is: meet the bacterium personnel and test the fungi and the bacterial number of the ground space of points of space, 1 cleaning shop and other necessity every day with culture dish, the ground space of points of monitoring space, cleaning shop and other necessity does not have fungi and bacterial growth; Keep the transfer room health, temperature is 22-24 ℃, keeps interior temperature 4-7 ℃ of refrigerator; Inoculate the previous day, the batten that is attached with female bacterium pollution-free, no aging phenomenon is cleaned with the 1% bromogeramine aqueous solution that the boiling water that cools off is made into.
Further, described hair's tube reason require be: the bacterium bag of inoculate in time enters the bacteria room, after every row is full with the sterilization that carries out disinfection of 40% formalin, in the maintenance bacteria room temperature 21-24 ℃; Shading is wanted in the bacteria room, keeps dark; Relative air humidity is controlled in 70%, regularly ventilates, and keeps air fresh.
Further, the described requirement that picks off some alabastrum is: use the special use of sterilizing to dredge the flower bud cutter and dredge flower bud; When dredging flower bud, can not run into the mushroom flower bud that will stay or the mushroom flower bud of adjacent bacterium bag.
Further, the described Xingbao mushroom central temperature that is packaged as is carried out by the level vacuum packaging it when being 1-4 ℃.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method, it may further comprise the steps:
1) spawn culture:
The prescription of the medium of spawn culture and the mass percent of each component are: batten 30%, wheat skin 25%, wood chip 25%, calcium carbonate 1%, wheat 19%;
Wood chip is drenched water more than 2 months before using; Bagasse was deposited behind the water of drenching in use in back 2 days; That dregs of beans, wheat skin, corn flour need is fresh, do not have caking, no musty; Wheat was soaked 1.5 days with 2% limewash, pulled that remaining limewash pH is 6.5 behind the wheat out; Batten soaked 1 day with 2% limewash;
A, batten be by the broadleaf tree material forming, the high 12cm of batten, cross-sectional area 0.4 * 0.4cm
2, be one group with batten with 30, be put in the bottle after tying up;
B, wheat skin, wood chip, calcium carbonate and wheat are added water stir, the mixture of De Maipi, wood chip, calcium carbonate and 4 kinds of components of wheat, the water content of described mixture is 50%, a part of mixture is joined the bottle of putting into batten, and the height of the mixture that is added surpasses batten 0.4cm; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating central authorities burrow and are beneficial to inoculation and ventilative in bottle;
C, will install the bottle jam-pack of each component of bacterium culture medium with cotton plug, and need to pinch cotton plug with hand and mention bottle and do not fall, cotton plug is of moderate size, and fills in expansion place that part in the bottle is no more than bottleneck, does not run into each component of bacterium culture medium;
D, the bottle among the step C is covered with splash guard, put into autoclave sterilization 7h, the bottle after the sterilization is chilled to by force below 30 ℃ after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃;
E, female bacterium is linked in the bottle, after inoculation finished, culturing room's temperature was controlled at 22 ℃ of hair tubes and manages, and cultivates 25 days;
2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation and bacterium pack work:
The mass percent of composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription and each component is: corncob 20%, bagasse 20%, oatmeal 9.4%, corn flour 5.3%, dregs of beans totally 5.3%, wood chip 40%;
A, corncob use and were soaked in water in preceding 1 day; It is 0.2cm that bagasse is crushed to the particle average grain diameter with the dnockout machine;
Put each component in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription into agitator by its proportioning, add water and stir, mixing time is not less than 20min, stirs back moisture and is controlled at 63%;
B, each component after will stirring polypropylene plastics pocket of packing into is made the bacterium bag with will pack into each component of polypropylene plastics pocket of baling press, and bacterium bag quality is 1.2kg, and height is 18.5cm;
C, with the bacterium bag 7h that sterilizes, the bacterium after the sterilization wraps in after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃, is chilled to by force below 30 ℃, its pH of bacterium bag sterilization back control is 5.8;
3) inoculation: meet the bacterium personnel and test the fungi and the bacterial number of the ground space of points of space, 1 cleaning shop and other necessity every day with culture dish, the ground space of points of monitoring space, cleaning shop and other necessity does not have fungi and bacterial growth; Keep the transfer room health, temperature is 22 ℃, keeps 4 ℃ of the interior temperature of refrigerator; Inoculate the previous day, the batten that is attached with female bacterium pollution-free, no aging phenomenon is made into the 1% bromogeramine aqueous solution with the boiling water that cools off cleans; When the bag heart temperature of bacterium bag is no more than 26 ℃, 1 batten that is attached with female bacterium is inserted into bacterium bag bottom, and the bacterium culture medium that will contain female bacterium is sprinkled upon bacterium and wraps, cover bacterium fully and wrap the surface;
4) hair tube reason: the bacterium bag of inoculate in time enters the bacteria room, and with the sterilization that carries out disinfection of 40% formalin, temperature was 21 ℃ in the maintenance bacteria room after every row was full; Shading is wanted in the bacteria room, keeps dark; Relative air humidity is controlled in 70%, regularly ventilates, and keeps air fresh; Inoculate and treat after 33 days that the bacterium bag covers with mycelia 300g, moves into fruiting room fruiting with the bacterium bag;
5) pick off some alabastrum: continue to cultivate and to grow the mushroom flower bud in 12 days, use the special use of sterilize to dredge the flower bud cutter and dredge flower bud, the mushroom flower bud 200g that prunes away stays 2 mushroom flower buds, during thin flower bud, can not run into the mushroom flower bud that the mushroom flower bud that will stay or adjacent bacterium are wrapped;
6) gather: dredge behind the flower bud continued growth Xingbao mushroom of gathering after 6 days;
7) packing: cut before the mushroom wash clean hand and cut the mushroom cutter; Ream the wood chip part of mushroom head, fix the mushroom base portion, ream surperficial booty,, when the Xingbao mushroom central temperature is 1 ℃ it is carried out by the level vacuum packaging by the level classification.
Embodiment 2
The Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method, it may further comprise the steps:
1) spawn culture:
The prescription of the medium of spawn culture and the mass percent of each component are: batten 32%, wheat skin 30%, wood chip 30%, calcium carbonate 1%, wheat 7%;
Wood chip is drenched water more than 2 months before using; Bagasse was deposited behind the water of drenching in 2.5 days before use; That dregs of beans, wheat skin, corn flour need is fresh, do not have caking, no musty; Wheat was soaked 2 days with 2% limewash, pulled that remaining limewash pH is 6.8 behind the wheat out; Batten soaked 1 day with 2% limewash;
A, batten are by the moulding of broad-leaved tree ginkgo timber, the high 13cm of batten, cross-sectional area 0.5 * 0.5cm
2, be one group with batten with 30, be put in the bottle after tying up;
B, wheat skin, wood chip, calcium carbonate and wheat are added water stir, the mixture of De Maipi, wood chip, calcium carbonate and 4 kinds of components of wheat, the water content of described mixture is 51%, a part of mixture is joined the bottle of putting into batten, and the height of the mixture that is added surpasses batten 0.5cm; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating central authorities burrow and are beneficial to inoculation and ventilative in bottle;
C, will install the bottle jam-pack of each component of bacterium culture medium with cotton plug, and need to pinch cotton plug with hand and mention bottle and do not fall, cotton plug is of moderate size, and fills in expansion place that part in the bottle is no more than bottleneck, does not run into each component of bacterium culture medium;
D, the bottle among the step C is covered with splash guard, put into autoclave sterilization 7.2h, the bottle after the sterilization is chilled to by force below 30 ℃ after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃;
E, female bacterium is linked in the bottle, after inoculation finished, culturing room's temperature was controlled at 24 ℃ of hair tubes and manages, and cultivates 26 days;
2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation and bacterium pack work:
The mass percent of composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription and each component is: corncob 25%, bagasse 25%, oatmeal 11.8%, corn flour 6.6%, dregs of beans totally 6.6%, wood chip 25%;
A, corncob use and were soaked in water in preceding 1 day; It is 0.3cm that bagasse is crushed to the particle average grain diameter with the dnockout machine;
Put each component in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription into agitator by its proportioning, add water and stir, mixing time is not less than 20min, stirs back moisture and is controlled at 63.5%;
B, each component after will stirring polypropylene plastics pocket of packing into is made the bacterium bag with will pack into each component of polypropylene plastics pocket of baling press, and bacterium bag quality is 1.22kg, and height is 18.8cm;
C, with the bacterium bag 7.2h that sterilizes, the bacterium after the sterilization wraps in after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃, is chilled to by force below 30 ℃, its pH of bacterium bag sterilization back control is 6;
3) inoculation: meet the bacterium personnel and test the fungi and the bacterial number of the ground space of points of space, 1 cleaning shop and other necessity every day with culture dish, the ground space of points of monitoring space, cleaning shop and other necessity does not have fungi and bacterial growth; Keep the transfer room health, temperature is 23 ℃, keeps 5 ℃ of the interior temperature of refrigerator; Inoculate the previous day, the batten that is attached with female bacterium pollution-free, no aging phenomenon is made into the 1% bromogeramine aqueous solution with the boiling water that cools off cleans; When the bag heart temperature of bacterium bag is no more than 26 ℃, 1 batten that is attached with female bacterium is inserted into bacterium bag bottom, and the bacterium culture medium that will contain female bacterium is sprinkled upon bacterium and wraps, cover bacterium fully and wrap the surface;
4) hair tube reason: the bacterium bag of inoculate in time enters the bacteria room, and with the sterilization that carries out disinfection of 40% formaldehyde, temperature was 22 ℃ in the maintenance bacteria room after every row was full; Shading is wanted in the bacteria room, keeps dark; Air humidity is controlled in 70%, and the bacterium bag will regularly ventilate, and keeps air fresh; Inoculate and treat after 34 days that the bacterium bag covers with mycelia 320g, moves into fruiting room fruiting with the bacterium bag;
5) pick off some alabastrum: continue to cultivate and to grow the mushroom flower bud in 12.5 days, use the special use of sterilize to dredge the flower bud cutter and dredge flower bud, the mushroom flower bud 220g that prunes away stays 2 mushroom flower buds, during thin flower bud, can not run into the mushroom flower bud that the mushroom flower bud that will stay or adjacent bacterium are wrapped;
6) gather: dredge behind the flower bud continued growth Xingbao mushroom of gathering after 6.5 days;
7) packing: cut before the mushroom wash clean hand and cut the mushroom cutter; Ream the wood chip part of mushroom head, fix the mushroom base portion, ream surperficial booty,, when the Xingbao mushroom central temperature is 3 ℃ it is carried out by the level vacuum packaging by the level classification.
Embodiment 3
The Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method, it may further comprise the steps:
1) spawn culture:
The prescription of the medium of spawn culture and the mass percent of each component are: batten 32%, wheat skin 32%, wood chip 32%, calcium carbonate 1%, wheat 3%;
Wood chip is drenched water more than 2 months before using; Bagasse was deposited behind the water of drenching in 3 days before use; That dregs of beans, wheat skin, corn flour need is fresh, do not have caking, no musty; Wheat was soaked 2.5 days with 2% limewash, pulled that remaining limewash pH is 7.0 behind the wheat out; Batten soaked 1 day with 2% limewash;
A, batten are by the moulding of broad-leaved tree ginkgo timber, the high 14cm of batten, cross-sectional area 0.6 * 0.6cm
2, be one group with batten with 30, be put in the bottle after tying up;
B, wheat skin, wood chip, calcium carbonate and wheat are added water stir, the mixture of De Maipi, wood chip, calcium carbonate and 4 kinds of components of wheat, the water content of described mixture is 52%, a part of mixture is joined the bottle of putting into batten, and the height of the mixture that is added surpasses batten 0.6cm; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating central authorities burrow and are beneficial to inoculation and ventilative in bottle;
C, will install the bottle jam-pack of each component of bacterium culture medium with cotton plug, and need to pinch cotton plug with hand and mention bottle and do not fall, cotton plug is of moderate size, and fills in expansion place that part in the bottle is no more than bottleneck, does not run into each component of bacterium culture medium;
D, the bottle among the step C is covered with splash guard, put into autoclave sterilization 7.5h, the bottle after the sterilization is chilled to by force below 30 ℃ after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃;
E, female bacterium is linked in the bottle, after inoculation finished, culturing room's temperature was controlled at 26 ℃ of hair tubes and manages, and cultivates 28 days;
2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation and bacterium pack work:
The mass percent of composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription and each component is: corncob 30%, bagasse 30%, oatmeal 15.7%, corn flour 7.1%, dregs of beans totally 7.1%, wood chip 10%;
A, corncob use and were soaked in water in preceding 1 day; It is 0.5cm that bagasse is crushed to the particle average grain diameter with the dnockout machine;
Put each component in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription into agitator by its proportioning, add water and stir, mixing time is not less than 20min, stirs back moisture and is controlled at 64%;
B, each component after will stirring polypropylene plastics pocket of packing into is made the bacterium bag with will pack into each component of polypropylene plastics pocket of baling press, and bacterium bag quality is 1.25kg, and height is 19cm;
C, with the bacterium bag 7.5h that sterilizes, the bacterium after the sterilization wraps in after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃, is chilled to by force below 30 ℃, its pH of bacterium bag sterilization back control is 6.5;
3) inoculation: meet the bacterium personnel and test the fungi and the bacterial number of the ground space of points of space, 1 cleaning shop and other necessity every day with culture dish, the ground space of points of monitoring space, cleaning shop and other necessity does not have fungi and bacterial growth; Keep the transfer room health, temperature is 24 ℃, keeps 7 ℃ of the interior temperature of refrigerator; Inoculate the previous day, the batten that is attached with female bacterium pollution-free, no aging phenomenon is made into the 1% bromogeramine aqueous solution with the boiling water that cools off cleans; When the bag heart temperature of bacterium bag is no more than 26 ℃, 1 batten that is attached with female bacterium is inserted into bacterium bag bottom, and the bacterium culture medium that will contain female bacterium is sprinkled upon bacterium and wraps, cover bacterium fully and wrap the surface;
4) hair tube reason: the bacterium bag of inoculate in time enters the bacteria room, and with the sterilization that carries out disinfection of 40% formaldehyde, temperature was 24 ℃ in the maintenance bacteria room after every row was full; Shading is wanted in the bacteria room, keeps dark; The bacterium bag will regularly ventilate, and relative air humidity is controlled in 70%, and it is fresh to keep air; Inoculate and treat after 35 days that the bacterium bag covers with mycelia 350g, moves into fruiting room fruiting with the bacterium bag;
5) pick off some alabastrum: continue to cultivate and to grow the mushroom flower bud in 13 days, use the special use of sterilize to dredge the flower bud cutter and dredge flower bud, the mushroom flower bud 250g that prunes away stays 3 mushroom flower buds, during thin flower bud, can not run into the mushroom flower bud that the mushroom flower bud that will stay or adjacent bacterium are wrapped;
6) gather: dredge behind the flower bud continued growth Xingbao mushroom of gathering after 7 days;
7) packing: cut before the mushroom wash clean hand and cut the mushroom cutter; Ream the wood chip part of mushroom head, fix the mushroom base portion, ream surperficial booty,, when the Xingbao mushroom central temperature is 4 ℃ it is carried out by the level vacuum packaging by the level classification.
Claims (10)
1. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method, it is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:
1) spawn culture:
The prescription of the medium of spawn culture and the mass percent of each component are: batten 30-33%, and wheat skin 25-32%, wood chip 25-32%, calcium carbonate 1%, all the other are wheat;
A, be one group with the 30-36 root, be put in the bottle after tying up batten;
B, wheat skin, wood chip, calcium carbonate and wheat are added water stir, the mixture of De Maipi, wood chip, calcium carbonate and 4 kinds of components of wheat, the water content of described mixture is 50-52%, a part of mixture is joined the bottle of putting into batten, and the height of the mixture that is added surpasses batten 0.4-0.6 cm; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating central authorities burrow in bottle;
C, will install the bottle jam-pack of each component of bacterium culture medium with cotton plug, and need to pinch cotton plug with hand and mention bottle and do not fall, cotton plug is of moderate size, and fills in expansion place that part in the bottle is no more than bottleneck, does not run into each component of bacterium culture medium;
D, the bottle among the step C is covered with splash guard, put into autoclave sterilization 7-7.5h, the bottle after the sterilization is chilled to by force below 30 ℃ after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃;
E, female bacterium is linked in the bottle, after inoculation finished, culturing room's temperature was controlled at 22-26 ℃ of hair tube and manages, and cultivates 25-28 days;
2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation and bacterium pack work:
The mass percent of composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription and each component is: corncob 20-30%, and bagasse 20-30%, oatmeal, corn flour, dregs of beans be 20-30% altogether, and all the other are wood chip;
A, put each component in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating prescription into agitator by its proportioning, add water and stir, mixing time is not less than 20min, stirs back moisture and is controlled at 63-64%;
B, each component after will stirring polypropylene plastics pocket of packing into is made the bacterium bag;
C, with the bacterium bag 7-7.5h that sterilizes, the bacterium after the sterilization wraps in after desinfection chamber is cooled to 60 ℃, is chilled to by force below 30 ℃, its pH of bacterium bag sterilization back control is 5.8-6.5;
3) inoculation: when the bag heart temperature of bacterium bag is no more than 26 ℃, have the batten of female bacterium to be inserted into bacterium bag bottom 1 root growth, and the bacterium culture medium that will contain female bacterium is sprinkled upon bacterium and wraps, cover bacterium fully and wrap the surface;
4) hair tube reason: inoculate and treat after 33-35 days that the bacterium bag covers with mycelia 300-350g, moves into fruiting room fruiting with the bacterium bag;
5) pick off some alabastrum: continue cultivation and grew the mushroom flower bud in 12-13 days, the mushroom flower bud is dredged flower bud, the mushroom flower bud 200-250g that prunes away stays 2-3 mushroom flower bud;
6) gather: the Xingbao mushroom of gathering after continued growth 6-7 days behind the thin flower bud;
7) packing: cut before the mushroom wash clean hand and cut the mushroom cutter; Ream the wood chip part of mushroom head, fix the mushroom base portion, ream surperficial booty,, carry out by grade packaged by the level classification.
2. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the requirement to component in the medium of described spawn culture is: wood chip is drenched water more than 2 months before using; Bagasse was deposited behind the water of drenching in 2-3 days before use; That dregs of beans, wheat skin, corn flour need is fresh, do not have caking, no musty; Wheat was soaked 1.5-2.5 days with 2% limewash, pulled that remaining limewash pH is 6.5-7.0 behind the wheat out; Batten soaked 1 day with 2% limewash.
3. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the batten in the medium of described spawn culture is by the broadleaf tree material forming, the high 12-14cm of batten, cross-sectional area 0.4-0.6 * 0.4-0.6cm
2
4. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the weight ratio of oatmeal, corn flour, dregs of beans is 1.8-2.2:1:1 in the described plant formulation.
5. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the requirement of component is in the described plant formulation: corncob uses and was soaked in water in preceding 1 day; It is 0.2-0.5cm that bagasse is crushed to the particle average grain diameter with the dnockout machine.
6. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described bacterium packs as each component of the polypropylene plastics pocket of will packing into baling press and makes the bacterium bag, and described bacterium bag quality is 1.2-1.25kg, and height is 18.5-19cm.
7. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the requirement in the described inoculation is: meet the bacterium personnel and test the fungi and the bacterial number of the ground space of points of space, 1 cleaning shop and other necessity every day with culture dish, the ground space of points of monitoring space, cleaning shop and other necessity does not have fungi and bacterial growth; Keep the transfer room health, temperature is 22-24 ℃, keeps interior temperature 4-7 ℃ of refrigerator; Inoculate the previous day, the batten that is attached with female bacterium pollution-free, no aging phenomenon is cleaned with the 1% bromogeramine aqueous solution that the boiling water that cools off is made into.
8. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the requirement of described hair's tube reason is: the bacterium bag of having inoculated in time enters the bacteria room, every full back of row is with the sterilization that carries out disinfection of 40% formalin, in the maintenance bacteria room temperature 21-24 ℃; Shading is wanted in the bacteria room, keeps dark; Relative air humidity is controlled in 70%, regularly ventilates, and keeps air fresh.
9. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described requirement that picks off some alabastrum is: use the special use of sterilizing to dredge the flower bud cutter and dredge flower bud; When dredging flower bud, can not run into the mushroom flower bud that will stay or the mushroom flower bud of adjacent bacterium bag.
10. Pleurotus eryngii industrial production method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described Xingbao mushroom central temperature that is packaged as is carried out by the level vacuum packaging it when being 1-4 ℃.
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| CN103430772A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-12-11 | 赵广峰 | Comprehensive factory-like circulation production method of pleurotus eryngii and common edible mushrooms |
| CN103964953A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-08-06 | 潢川九龙春天农业科技有限公司 | Formula and preparation process for pleurotus eryngii culture medium |
| CN104160872A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-11-26 | 陆良爨乡绿园菇业有限公司 | Safe and environment-friendly pleurotus eryngii cultivation method |
| CN104303821A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-28 | 管兴 | Method for cultivating pleurotus eryngii industrially |
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| CN103430772A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-12-11 | 赵广峰 | Comprehensive factory-like circulation production method of pleurotus eryngii and common edible mushrooms |
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| CN103964953B (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2016-07-20 | 潢川九龙春天农业科技有限公司 | The processing technology of planting almond abalone mushroom culture medium |
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| CN104160872B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-05-25 | 陆良爨乡绿圆菇业有限公司 | A kind of method for planting almond abalone mushroom of safety and environmental protection |
| CN104303821A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-28 | 管兴 | Method for cultivating pleurotus eryngii industrially |
| CN105503443A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-04-20 | 西南大学 | Flue-cured tobacco straw substitute cultivation pleurotus eryngii substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN106234031A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-12-21 | 南通三盛鑫生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method for planting almond abalone mushroom |
| CN107079708A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-08-22 | 广西职业技术学院 | A kind of pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran cured material bag-cultured straw mushroom volume production pattern |
| CN106938944A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-11 | 山东七河生物科技股份有限公司 | Pleurotus eryngii industrial high yield cultivating method |
| CN107285845A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-10-24 | 山东冠宇农业科技股份有限公司 | Mushroom culture substrate and preparation method |
| CN107646520A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-02 | 重庆维得鲜农业发展有限公司 | A kind of pleurotus eryngii rack |
| CN107691111A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-02-16 | 大连森源菌业有限公司 | A kind of method for planting almond abalone mushroom |
| CN107853071A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-03-30 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | A kind of method using Chinese pennisetum factory culture pleurotus eryngii |
| IT201900024123A1 (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-16 | Giovanni Pacioni | PROCEDURE FOR THE SYNCHRONOUS AND PROGRAMMED PRODUCTION OF PLEUROTUS ERYNGII |
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