CN103174226A - 机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体 - Google Patents

机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体 Download PDF

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CN103174226A
CN103174226A CN2013100880609A CN201310088060A CN103174226A CN 103174226 A CN103174226 A CN 103174226A CN 2013100880609 A CN2013100880609 A CN 2013100880609A CN 201310088060 A CN201310088060 A CN 201310088060A CN 103174226 A CN103174226 A CN 103174226A
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reinforcing rib
inorganic modified
insulating board
modified foam
foam heat
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CN103174226B (zh
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周金烈
周玥
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SHANGHAI YIJIN ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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SHANGHAI YIJIN ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201480016442.3A priority patent/CN105518233B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/072552 priority patent/WO2014146531A1/zh
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Abstract

一种机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体，在基层墙体上，自内向外依次由基层墙体4、找平兼结合层5、网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6、塑料膨胀锚栓7、薄抹灰保护面层8和饰面层9组成，其特征是：采用找平兼结合层5将基层找平和网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6辅助粘贴一次完成，粘结是仅用于保证外保温系统安装时的平整度；然后用塑料膨胀锚栓7锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6，使外保温系统的全部荷载完全由塑料膨胀锚栓7承受并直接传递到基层墙体4上，该发明网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6与塑料膨胀锚栓7的组合大大提高了保温层的抗拉强度、抗弯强度和稳定性。

Description

机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体
所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种机械固定装置锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外墙外保温墙体，尤其适用于既有建筑外墙的节能改造工程。
背景技术
现有的无机改性泡沫保温板外保温墙体是由建筑物外墙作为基层墙体和无机改性泡沫保温板组合而成的复合墙体，无机改性泡沫保温板作为保温层是用胶粘剂固定在基层墙体上。这种构造要求由胶粘剂承受外保温系统全部荷载，同时通过墙体找平层再将全部荷载传递到基层墙体上。但是，由于建筑墙体基层或保温板材的不平整而导致的保温板虚粘，可能给整个外保温墙体留下质量和安全稳定性的隐患。另外，对既有建筑外墙进行外保温节能改造时，旧基层局部饰面结构层的疏松、空鼓、开裂和表面污物、隔离膜等不同程度的缺陷，将直接影响新增粘贴外保温层的稳定性和使用安全性。因此，有必要改进外墙面无机改性泡沫保温板的固定方法。
另外，现有的无机改性泡沫保温板是基材有机泡沫保温板经发泡后由成型机模压定型，然后采用无机防火材料进行聚合、固化改性处理而成。其特点是密度、导热系数和燃烧性能较理想，但抗拉强度、抗弯强度和抗折强度较低，易产生开裂、变形、收缩，用于机械锚固外保温板的墙体时，存在被锚固固定的无机改性泡沫保温板具有脆性、易断裂的问题和缺点。因此，需要同时对无机改性泡沫保温板的构造进行改进。
发明内容
为了克服现有外保温墙体的无机改性泡沫保温板采用粘结固定方法可能产生虚粘和空鼓的不足，同时克服机械固定装置锚固现有的无机改性泡沫保温板时存在稳定性较差的缺陷，本发明提供一种采用机械固定装置塑料膨胀锚栓锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体，其网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板由无机改性泡沫保温板和其表层内夹有的双向网格加强筋组合而成，其特征是：双向网格加强筋的外表面附有一层无机改性泡沫保温板保护层，能提高无机改性泡沫保温板的抗拉强度、抗弯强度和抗折强度，从而增强无机改性泡沫保温板外保温系统的力学性能和整体稳定性；无机改性泡沫保温板是无机改性聚苯有机泡沫保温板、无机改性聚氨酯有机泡沫保温板、无机改性聚氨酯-聚异氰脲酸酯有机泡沫保温板或无机改性酚醛有机泡沫保温板。同时，有机泡沫保温板经采用无机防火填料进行聚合、固化改性处理后，能提高保温板的防火性能。该机械锚固外保温墙体不仅能解决粘结固定的虚粘不易检查和维修困难的问题，而且对既有建筑旧基层原有的饰面结构层能起一定的稳定、补强作用；另外，施工工艺简单、快捷。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
首先，在无机改性泡沫保温板的板面表层内，设置一层双向网格加强筋，网格加强筋是采用玻璃纤维网、金属网或化学纤维网组成，无机改性泡沫保温板的形状是矩形平面板或形转角板，其特征是：网格加强筋的外表面附有一层无机改性泡沫保温板保护层，使网格加强筋与板面外的环境薄抹灰层砂浆等隔离，提高网格加强筋的抗腐蚀和耐久性；根据需要，双向网格加强筋可以在板的双面设置，也可以在板的单面设置；
Figure BSA00000866216500022
形转角板主要用于墙体阴阳角、门窗洞口四周侧边或凸出墙面的装饰线条等的转角部位，解决外保温矩形平面板在墙面转角处拼装出现接缝时，无法用锚栓进行骑缝固定的缺陷，以保证外保温墙体的整体连续性。
本发明网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的生产工艺步骤是：先用网格加强筋与有机泡沫保温板在模压成型过程中一次完成的方法，将网格加强筋夹附在有机泡沫保温板的表层内，保证网格加强筋内、外侧有机泡沫保温板体的整体性和密闭性，制成网格加强筋有机泡沫保温板；而后可采用晶格结法，在一定温度的密闭压力箱装置内，利用不同的压力差将含有一定配合比的无机防火阻燃填料溶液均匀渗入网格加强筋有机泡沫保温板体内，进行聚合、固化改性处理，使有机泡沫保温板体的泡沫颗粒周围填充、包裹着具有防火功能的无机填料结晶体并形成屏障，隔绝空气(氧气)，提高有机泡沫保温板的防火性能，其燃烧性能可达到GB8624-2006A2级不燃材料标准。
上述玻璃纤维网格加强筋是由玻璃纤维经线和纬线十字交叉编结而成，化学纤维网格加强筋是由化学纤维经线和纬线十字交叉编结而成，加强筋的网格孔径间距为5～20×5～20mm，最佳间距为7～15×7～15mm；加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层厚度即离板面外边缘的距离为3～15mm，最佳厚度为5～10mm；网格加强筋经向或纬向的耐碱拉伸断裂强力普通型≥1250N/50mm，加强型≥3000N/50mm，耐碱拉伸断裂强力保留率≥90％；玻璃纤维网是耐碱玻璃纤维网，化学纤维网是聚酯纤维网、聚酰胺纤维网、聚丙烯腈纤维网、聚乙烯醇纤维网或聚烯烃纤维网。上述金属网格加强筋是由纵向钢丝和横向钢丝十字交叉电焊连接而成，加强筋是热镀锌钢丝、冷拔低碳钢丝、不锈钢丝或合金钢丝；加强筋的网格孔径间距为5～35×5～35mm，最佳间距为12～25×12～25mm；钢丝直径为0.7～3.0mm，最佳直径为0.9～2.5mm；加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层厚度为5～20mm，最佳厚度为7～15mm。
其次，本发明机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体的主要施工工艺步骤是：在基层墙体表面，满批聚合物砂浆作为找平兼结合层；同时将上述网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板，随即粘结上墙形成无空隙保温层，粘结是仅用于保证网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板和外保温系统安装时的平整度；待找平兼结合层的粘结强度≥0.06MPa后，在板面钻孔采用塑料膨胀锚栓将网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板直接锚固在外墙结构基层墙体上，使外保温系统的全部荷载完全由机械固定装置塑料膨胀锚栓承受并直接传递到基层墙体上；最后在网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外表面薄抹保护面层抗裂砂浆和滚涂饰面涂层弹性涂料。
上述找平兼结合层聚合物砂浆的厚度为3～9mm，满足找平和粘结厚度的需要；网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板均匀布置的机械固定装置塑料膨胀锚栓的间距为200～450×200～450mm，最佳间距为250～400×250～400mm，锚栓数量每平方米≥8个；塑料膨胀锚栓的有效锚固深度≥25mm，单个锚栓抗拉承载力标准值≥0.6KN，锚栓端部的塑料圆盘漏孔压板直径≥60mm，以保证保温板的稳定性。
本发明的有益效果：与现有的无机改性泡沫保温板采用粘结固定的外保温墙体相比，可以将基层找平和无机改性泡沫保温板辅助粘贴一次完成，粘结是仅用于保证网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板和外保温系统安装时的平整度，减少施工工序和工期；采用机械固定装置塑料膨胀锚栓锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板，使外保温系统的自重和风力(吸力)等全部荷载完全由机械固定装置塑料膨胀锚栓承受并直接传递到外墙结构基层墙体上，施工工艺简单、操作方便，施工质量易于控制，是自1957年在德国柏林首次使用粘贴EPS聚苯乙烯有机泡沫塑料板外墙外保温工程以来从未公开过的新技术，该网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板与机械固定装置塑料膨胀锚栓的组合大大提高了保温层的抗拉强度、抗弯强度和稳定性，适用于高度≤100m的高层建筑外墙外保温工程。本发明尤其适用于既有建筑外墙外保温的节能改造，能有效地解决因墙体旧基层的局部起壳、裂纹或表面污染隔离膜等带来的粘结强度不足的缺陷，对原有基层可以起到一个补强、保护作用，提高其稳定性。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的构造示意图。
图2是图1的纵向剖面图。
图3是本发明机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体的结构示意图。
图4是图3的纵向剖面构造图。
图5是机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的正立面示意图。
图中：1.无机改性泡沫保温芯板，2.网格加强筋，3.加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层，4.基层墙体，5.找平兼结合层，6.网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板，7.塑料膨胀锚栓，8.薄抹灰保护面层，9.饰面层。
具体实施方式
在图1、图2中，本发明网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6自内向外依次由无机改性泡沫保温芯板1、网格加强筋2和加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层3组成。无机改性泡沫保温板是无机改性聚苯有机泡沫保温板、无机改性聚氨酯有机泡沫保温板、无机改性聚氨酯-聚异氰脲酸酯有机泡沫保温板或无机改性酚醛有机泡沫保温板；网格加强筋2是由玻璃纤维或化学纤维经线和纬线十字交叉编结而成，或者由纵向钢丝和横向钢丝十字交叉电焊连接而成，网格加强筋可以是双面设置、单面设置。加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层3与无机改性泡沫保温芯板1组合成一个整体板材，使网格加强筋2与板面外的薄抹灰层等外部环境隔离，防止加强筋被碱化、腐蚀。
在图3中，本发明的外保温墙体是将建筑物外墙作为基层墙体，自内向外依次由基层墙体4、找平兼结合层5、网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6、塑料膨胀锚栓7、薄抹灰保护面层8和饰面层9组成。基层墙体4可以是混凝土墙体、加气混凝土砌块墙体、实心砖墙体、空心砖墙体或轻质水泥砂砌块墙体。塑料膨胀锚栓7由塑料套管、套管端部塑料圆盘漏孔压板和套管内的金属圆钉组成，塑料膨胀锚栓可以是敲击式锚栓、螺旋式锚栓，当基层墙体4为空心砖墙体时应采用带有回拧打结功能的螺旋式锚栓；塑料套管和端部圆盘漏孔压板可以是聚酰胺、聚乙烯或聚丙烯材料制成。薄抹灰保护面层8由抹面抗裂砂浆和耐碱玻璃纤维网格布组成。饰面层9由柔性腻子、面层涂料和罩面涂料组成。
在图4中，找平兼结合层5聚合物砂浆的满批厚度为3～9mm，对基层墙体4找平时，应同步将网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6粘结上墙，并使无机改性泡沫保温板的表层网格加强筋面朝墙外，将基层找平和无机改性泡沫保温板辅助粘贴一次完成，粘结是仅用于保证无机改性泡沫保温板和外保温系统安装时的平整度。待找平兼结合层5的粘结强度≥0.06MPa后，在板面钻孔采用塑料膨胀锚栓7将网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6锚固在基层墙体4上，锚栓的有效锚固深度应≥25mm，最佳有效锚固深度为35～50mm，单个锚栓抗拉承载力标准值≥0.6KN；锚栓端部的塑料圆盘漏孔压板直径≥60mm，最佳直径为65～95mm。然后将薄抹灰保护面层8抹批在网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6上，并须覆盖塑料膨胀锚栓7，以提高保护面层8与保温板的结合力；薄抹灰保护面层8采用聚合物抗裂砂浆，中间夹有增强网，起到防裂、防水和抗冲击的作用。饰面层9涂刷在薄抹灰保护面层8上，采用柔性腻子、弹性面层涂料和弹性罩面涂料分层施工。
在图5所示实施例中，网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6的铺贴方法为矩形平面板自下向上横向排列，板与板之间的竖缝应逐行错缝，错缝间距≥200mm，最佳错缝间距为300mm、400mm模数，以充分发挥骑缝锚栓的锚固作用；网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温矩形平面板的长度为600～2000mm，最佳长度为900～1600mm；宽度为300～1000mm，最佳宽度为450～800mm；板的厚度为15～180mm，最佳厚度为40～120mm。无机改性泡沫保温板的形状是矩形平面板或形转角板，
Figure BSA00000866216500062
形转角板的外形尺寸应与相邻矩形平面板的规格、接缝保持一致，其位于外墙面一侧板面的边长应≥280mm，以满足板面锚栓的位置离外墙角边缘的距离≥100mm；用于门窗洞口四周每侧边的保温板应采用整条转角板，以增加保温板的稳定性。
塑料膨胀锚栓7的布置为板中与板边骑缝加钉相结合，在网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板面纵、横向平行布置的锚固间距为200～450×200～450mm，最佳锚固间距为250～400×250～400mm；每侧板边缝的骑缝锚栓数量≥3个，间距≤400mm，板的四个边角均应设置骑缝锚栓；同时，应根据建筑物外保温层的高度或所受风力(吸力)增加而相应缩小锚栓的布置间距，以确保网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板外保温系统的稳定性和使用安全性。

Claims (6)

1.一种网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板，由无机改性泡沫保温板和其表层内夹有的双向网格加强筋组合而成，其特征是：双向网格加强筋的外表面附有一层无机改性泡沫保温板保护层，能提高无机改性泡沫保温板的抗拉强度、抗弯强度和抗折强度，从而增强无机改性泡沫保温板外保温系统的力学性能和整体稳定性；网格加强筋是采用玻璃纤维网、金属网或化学纤维网组成，网格加强筋可以在板的双面设置或单面设置；无机改性泡沫保温板是无机改性聚苯有机泡沫保温板、无机改性聚氨酯有机泡沫保温板、无机改性聚氨酯-聚异氰脲酸酯有机泡沫保温板或无机改性酚醛有机泡沫保温板；网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的生产工艺步骤是先用网格加强筋与有机泡沫保温板在模压成型过程中一次完成的方法，将网格加强筋夹附在有机泡沫保温板的表层内，保证网格加强筋内、外侧有机泡沫保温板体的整体性和密闭性，制成网格加强筋有机泡沫保温板；而后在一定温度的密闭压力箱装置内，利用不同的压力差将含有一定配合比的无机防火阻燃填料溶液均匀渗入网格加强筋有机泡沫保温板体内，进行聚合、固化改性处理，使有机泡沫保温板体的泡沫颗粒周围填充、包裹着具有防火功能的无机填料结晶体并形成屏障，隔绝空气(氧气)，提高有机泡沫保温板的防火性能；网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的形状是矩形平面板或
Figure FSA00000866216400013
形转角板，
Figure FSA00000866216400014
形转角板用于外墙体阴阳角、门窗洞口四周侧边或凸出墙面的装饰线条等的转角部位，解决外保温矩形平面板在墙面转角处拼装出现接缝时，无法用锚栓进行骑缝固定的缺陷，以保证外保温墙体的整体连续性；适用于将外保温系统的全部荷载完全由塑料膨胀锚栓承受并直接传递到基层墙体上，保温板的粘贴仅用于保证外保温系统安装时的平整度，该网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板与锚栓的有机组合大大提高了保温层的抗拉强度、抗弯强度和整体稳定性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板，其特征是：上述玻璃纤维网格加强筋是由玻璃纤维经线和纬线十字交叉编结而成，化学纤维网格加强筋是由化学纤维经线和纬线十字交叉编结而成，加强筋的网格孔径间距为5～20×5～20mm，加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层厚度即离板面外边缘的距离为3～15mm，网格加强筋经向或纬向的耐碱拉伸断裂强力普通型≥1250N/50mm，加强型≥3000N/50mm，耐碱拉伸断裂强力保留率≥90％，玻璃纤维网是耐碱玻璃纤维网，化学纤维网是聚酯纤维网、聚酰胺纤维网、聚丙烯腈纤维网、聚乙烯醇纤维网或聚烯烃纤维网；上述金属网格加强筋是由纵向钢丝和横向钢丝十字交叉电焊连接而成，加强筋是热镀锌钢丝、冷拔低碳钢丝、不锈钢丝或合金钢丝，加强筋的网格孔径间距为5～35×5～35mm，钢丝直径为0.7～3.0mm，加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层厚度为5～20mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板，其特征是：上述玻璃纤维网格加强筋或化学纤维网格加强筋的网格孔径最佳间距为7～15×7～15mm，加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层最佳厚度为5～10mm；金属网格加强筋的网格孔径最佳间距为12～25×12～25mm，钢丝最佳直径为0.9～2.5mm，加强筋的无机改性泡沫保温板保护层最佳厚度为7～15mm。
4.一种机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体，在基层墙体上，自内向外依次由基层墙体4、找平兼结合层5、网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6、塑料膨胀锚栓7、薄抹灰保护面层8和饰面层9组成，其特征是：在基层墙体4表面满批厚度为3～9mm的聚合物砂浆找平兼结合层5，对基层墙体4找平时，应同步将网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6粘结上墙，并使无机改性泡沫保温板的表层网格加强筋面朝墙外，将基层找平和网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板辅助粘贴一次完成，粘结是仅用于保证无机改性泡沫保温板和外保温系统安装时的平整度；待找平兼结合层5的粘结强度≥0.06MPa后，在板面钻孔采用塑料膨胀锚栓7将网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6直接锚固在基层墙体4上，锚栓的有效锚固深度应≥25mm，单个锚栓抗拉承载力标准值≥0.6KN，锚栓端部的塑料圆盘漏孔压板直径≥60mm；然后将薄抹灰保护面层8抹批在网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6上，并须覆盖塑料膨胀锚栓7，以提高保护面层8与保温板的结合力；薄抹灰保护面层8采用聚合物抗裂砂浆，中间夹有增强网，起到防裂、防水和抗冲击的作用；饰面层9涂刷在薄抹灰保护面层8上，采用柔性腻子、弹性面层涂料和弹性罩面涂料分层施工；网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板6的铺贴方法为矩形板自下而上横向排列，板与板之间的竖缝应逐行错缝，错缝间距≥200mm，最佳错缝间距为300mm、400mm模数，以充分发挥骑缝锚栓的锚固作用；网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的长度为600～2000mm，宽度为300～1000mm，厚度为15～180mm；无机改性泡沫保温板的形状是矩形平面板或
Figure FSA00000866216400031
形转角板，
Figure FSA00000866216400032
形转角板的外形尺寸应与相邻矩形平面板的规格、接缝保持一致，其位于转角外墙面一侧的边长应≥280mm，以满足板面锚栓的位置离外墙角边缘的距离≥100mm，用于门窗洞口四周外侧边的保温板应采用整条转角板，以增加保温板的稳定性；塑料膨胀锚栓7的布置为板中与板边骑缝加钉相结合，锚栓在保温板面纵、横向平行布置的锚固间距为200～450×200～450mm，锚栓数量每平方米≥8个，且每侧板边缝的锚栓数量≥3个，间距≤400mm，板的四个边角均应设置锚栓；同时，应根据建筑物外保温层的高度或所受风力(吸力)的增加而相应缩小锚栓的布置间距，以确保网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板外保温系统的稳定性和使用安全性；采用机械固定装置锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板，使外保温系统的自重和风力(吸力)等全部荷载完全由机械固定装置塑料膨胀锚栓承受并直接传递到基层墙体4上，该网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板与锚栓的组合大大提高了保温层的抗拉强度、抗弯强度和稳定性。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体，其特征是：所述的网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的最佳长度为900～1600mm，最佳宽度为450～800mm，最佳厚度为40～120mm；塑料膨胀锚栓在网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板面纵、横向平行布置的最佳锚固间距为250～400×250～400mm，锚栓的最佳有效锚固深度为35～50mm，塑料圆盘漏孔压板的最佳直径为65～95mm。
6.根据权利要求4所述的机械锚固网格加强筋无机改性泡沫保温板的外保温墙体，其特征是：所述的基层墙体是混凝土墙体、加气混凝土砌块墙体、实心砖墙体、空心砖墙体或轻质水泥砂砌块墙体；塑料膨胀锚栓由塑料套管、套管端部塑料圆盘漏孔压板和套管内的金属圆钉组成，塑料膨胀锚栓可以是敲击式锚栓或螺旋式锚栓；当基层墙体为空心砖墙体时应采用带有回拧打结功能的螺旋式锚栓；塑料膨胀锚栓的塑料套管和圆盘漏孔压板是聚酰胺、聚乙烯或聚丙烯材料制成。
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