CN103153969A - 含有钆配合物的mri造影剂 - Google Patents
含有钆配合物的mri造影剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103153969A CN103153969A CN2010800693876A CN201080069387A CN103153969A CN 103153969 A CN103153969 A CN 103153969A CN 2010800693876 A CN2010800693876 A CN 2010800693876A CN 201080069387 A CN201080069387 A CN 201080069387A CN 103153969 A CN103153969 A CN 103153969A
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- trans
- do3a
- contrast medium
- aminomethyl
- cyclohexyl
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有钆配合物的MRI造影剂,更具体地涉及具有化学式1结构的DO3A-氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物。根据本发明可制备DO3A-氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物,使用所述化合物可制备钆配合物。含有根据本发明制备的钆配合物为有效成分的MRI造影剂,相比现有的商用化的造影剂具有较高的弛豫率。并且,根据本发明的MRI造影剂具有肝特意性以及心血管双重照影功能。由此,含有根据本发明钆配合物的MRI造影剂满足作为磁共振成像(MRI)的对照造影剂所需的主要特性,因此可广泛适用于MRI造影剂,尤其相比现有的造影剂具有更好的照影增强效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有钆配合物的MRI造影剂,尤其涉及一种具有化学式1结构的DO3A-氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物。
背景技术
磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imagine;MRI)是在磁场中利用氢原子自旋弛豫的现象,来取得身体解剖学、生理学、生化学信息影像的方法,是无创、实时地将人体或者动物的身体器官影像化的优秀的影像诊断设备之一。
为了在生命科学、医学领域多样化、精密化地使用MRI,从外部注入物质来增加影像对照度,此时所使用的物质称为造影剂(contrast agent)。MRI影像上各组织之间的对照图(contrast)是因为组织内水分子的原子核自旋(nuclear spin)向平衡状态恢复的弛豫作用不同而产生的现象,造影剂对这种弛豫作用产生影响从而加大组织间弛豫度差异,引发MRI信号变化进而起到使组织间的对照更为清晰的作用。造影剂根据其特征、功能、注入的对象,具有适用度和精密度的差异。利用造影剂增强对照,来提高或者降低特定生物体器官和组织的周边与影像信号,使更加清晰地进行影像化。将使需要取得MRI影像的身体部位的影像信号相对提高的造影剂称为“阳性(positive)造影剂”,与此相反,相较于周围使影像信号相对降低的造影剂称为“阴性(negative)造影剂”。
作为磁共振成像的对照造影剂,被承认使用于人体的造影剂有自我弛豫率约为4.7mM-1s-1(20MHz,298K)的二乙烯三胺-N,N,N′,N″,N″-五乙酸酯,(N-Me-还原葡糖胺)2[Gd(DTPA)(H2O)](马根维显,先灵(Magnevist,Schering))的离子化Gd(III)配合物和自我弛豫率为4.4mM-1s-1(20MHz,298K)的[Gd(二乙撑三胺五乙酸(DTPA)-双甲酰胺(bismethylamide))(H2O)](欧乃影,奈科明(Omniscan,Nycomed))的中性Gd(III)配合物。
作为这种磁共振成像的对照造影剂,所需的性质为热力学稳定性、水溶性以及生成顺磁性Gd(III)离子的多齿(multidentate)结构,即,至少与一个分子的水结合显示出较高的与水的自我弛豫。而且,磁共振成像对照造影剂不能有化学活性,在生物体内细胞毒性低,诊断后要完全排除至生物体外。
但是上述造影剂有如下缺点:水溶性和自我弛豫率较低,在生物体内的毒性较高。因此亟需开发出最适合的磁共振成像造影剂。
由此,本发明的发明人为了克服现有的问题,经过实施例所示的研究,发现使用根据本发明合成的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物制备钆配合物时,含有上述钆配合物的MRI造影剂,具有肝特异性以及心血管双重照影效果,且有较高的弛豫率,从而完成本发明。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供具有以下化学式1结构的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供含有上述化合物的配合物配位体(L)用组合物以及含有上述化学物作为配位体的钆配合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供具有较高弛豫率和热力学以及速度稳定性的含有钆配合的MRI造影剂。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个方式,本发明提供具有以下化学式1结构的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物。
[化学式1]
上述化学式中,R是H、Me、Et、(CH2)2OH、CH2OMe或者CH2CH=CH2。
根据本发明的另一方式,本发明提供上述DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)向反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐
(trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneethylcarboxylate hydrochloride)添加溴乙酰溴(bromoacetyl bromide)并搅拌;
b)向上述混合物添加DO3A-(tBuO)3并搅拌;
c)向上述混合物添加三氟乙酸(TFA)使叔丁基(tert-butyl)脱保护(deprotection);
d)在低压下,完全去除上述混合物的溶剂后,添加甲醇并溶解后,进行硅胶柱层析;以及
e)在真空状态下对通过上述柱层析得到的物质进行干燥,得到DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物。
根据上述制备方法生成的化合物的模式图如图1所示。本发明对此进行具体说明如下。
上述步骤a)的反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐(化合物1b)是使用反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷甲酸(trans-4(aminomethyl)Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid)合成的。之后,完成上述步骤a)合成化合物2b,即乙基4-(2-溴乙酰胺)环己烷羧酸甲酯(Ethyl4-((2-bromoacetamido)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate)。之后,完成步骤b)合成化合物3b,即叔丁基N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-乙氧羰基)环己酯)甲氨基-2-氧代乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三)三醋酸酯(Tert-butyl N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-ethoxycarbonyl)cyclohexyl)methylamino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate),使用其完成步骤c)后,经过步骤d)、e)最终得到DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物1。
上述DO3A-反式氨甲环酸的酯衍生物1为如图1所示的合成模式图中4b化合物。
本发明的化合物制备方法,其特征在于代替上述步骤a)的反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐,添加烯丙基-反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐(allyl-trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneethylcarboxylatehydrochloride)。
上述烯丙基-反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐是使用反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷甲酸(trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid)合成的,其为化合物1c。使用由此合成的化合物1c,经过制备方法的步骤a),可合成化合物2c,即烯丙基4-(2-溴乙酰胺)环己烷羧酸甲酯(allyl4-((2-bromoacetamido)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate)。之后使用化合物2c完成步骤b),合成化合物3c,即叔丁基N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-烯丙氧羰基)环己酯)甲氨基-2-氧代乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三)三醋酸酯(Tert-butyl N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-allyloxycarbonyl)cyclohexyl)methylamino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate),使用其完成步骤c)后,经过步骤d)、e),最终得到DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物2。
上述DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物2是如图1所示模式图中4c化合物。
使用如上所述合成的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物1的4b化合物可制备DO3A-反式氨甲环酸的4a化合物。具体的制备过程在实施例中进行了详细说明。
根据本发明的另一方式,本发明提供配合物配位体(L)用组合物,其含有上述DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物。
本发明中,上述配位体(L)是指能够对金属原子进行配位结合的螯合物。
根据本发明的一方式,提供含有上述DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物作为配位体(L),含有配位结合在上述配位体的金属原子的配合物。
本发明的特征在于,上述金属原子为钆(Gd)。
而且,含有配位结合在上述配位体的金属原子的配合物,其特征在于,化学式为[Gd(L)(H2O)·xCH3COOH·yH2O]。
本发明的含有金属原子的配合物,使用如上所述合成的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物(4a~4c化合物)来制备。将各个4a至4c化合物与GdCl3·6H2O(gadolinium chloride hexahydrate氯化钆六水合物)反应来制备钆配合物。
根据发明的一方式,提供含有上述配合体作为有效成分的磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂。
本发明中,其特征在于,上述造影剂具有肝特异性和心血管双重照影功能。并且,其特征在于,上述造影剂具有高弛豫率、提高的热力学以及速度稳定性。
具体说,如本发明的实施例所述,测定含有根据本发明制备的钆配合物作为有效成分的MRI造影剂的顺磁性弛豫率的变化((R1 P(t)/R1 P(0))时,根据本发明合成的钆配合物(5a、5b及5c)以72小时为准均表现出较高的弛豫率,而且确认具有相当好的速度稳定性(约98%以上)。与目前市场中销售的MRI造影剂相比,表现出与几乎相似的效果。而且,测定根据本发明的钆配合物的弛豫时间(T1、T2)和弛豫率(R1、R2)时,与商用化的造影剂相比,5b和5c具有相当高的R1值。尤其是,具有最高R1值的5c,与相比高出2.6倍。在目前的系统中出现这种高R1值,判断是与相比增加的分子量所致。分子量的增加会增加回旋相关时间,从而提高R1弛豫率。具有较高弛豫率的造影剂即使注入相对少量,也会表现出较高的照影增强效果,因此,根据本发明的MRI造影剂将会表现出突出的照影增强效果。实际上,通过实验小鼠确认照影效果,在注入本发明的MRI造影剂后,在肝、心脏、血液中显示出较高的照影效果。
有益效果
含有根据本发明制备的钆配合物作为有效成分的MRI造影剂相较于目前已经商用化的造影剂,具有较高的弛豫率。而且,根据本发明的MRI造影剂具有肝特异性以及心血管双重照影功能。由此,根据本发明的含有钆配合物的MRI造影剂,满足作为磁共振成像(MRI)的对照造影剂所需的主要特性,可广泛应用于MRI造影剂中,尤其是相较于现有的造影剂可提高照影增强效果。
附图说明
图1为示出根据本发明的钆配合物的合成模式图;
图2为示出测定钆配合物(5a~5c)和商用化的MRI造影剂的顺磁场性弛豫率变化(R1 P(t)/R1 P(0))的结果示意图;
图4a至4c为向实验用小鼠注入钆配合物后,根据注入所经时间测定MR影像的结果示意图;
图5为示出使用测定的MRI影像计算CNR的结果示意图;
图6为根据本发明的钆配合物浓度测定的细胞存活率的结果示意图。
具体实施方式
以下,结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。上述的实施例仅用于说明本发明,本发明的保护范围不限于上述实施例。
实施例1.DO3A配合体的制备
以下对制备DO3A配合体的合成过程进行详细说明,各个合成的化合物使用NMR进行确认。1H以及13C NMR是用核磁共振波谱仪(Bruker Advance)400或者500光谱仪(Spectrometer)(韩国基础科学研究所(Korea BasicScience Institute))进行确认的。NMR结果中,化学位移(chemical shift)是以四甲基硅烷(TMS(tetramethylsilane))为准由δ值表示。螯合常数(coupling constant)由Hz表示。
1-1.DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物1的合成
(1)反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐
(trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexane ethyl carboxylate hydrochloride)(1b)的合成。
首先,使用从TCI(日本)购买的反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷甲酸(trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexane carboxylic acid),合成反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐。
在0℃下,向40ml的乙醇(ethanol)添加反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷甲酸(trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexane carboxylic acid)(1.57g,10mmol)进行搅拌,缓缓添加亚硫酰氯(thionyl chloride)(0.9ml,12mmol)维持冰凉的状态10分钟并进行搅拌。之后,在70℃下将上述反应混合物环流1个小时后,冷却到常温。在低压下完全去除溶剂后,剩余成分使用己烷(hexane)(25ml)分两次洗涤以去除剩余的溶剂。完全去除溶剂的混合物,在真空状态下干燥6个小时,得到反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐,产率为2.13g(96%)。
1H NMR(d6-DMSO):δ=4.03(q,J=7.08,2H,OCH2CH3),2.61(m,1H,H13),2.21(m,1H,H10),1.85(m,2H,H9),1.27(m,4H,H12H11),1.16(t,J=7.06,3H,OCH2CH3),0.96(m,4H,H12H11).Anal.Calcd for C10H20ClNO2:C,54.17;H,9.09;N,6.32.Found:C,53.78;H,8.91;N,6.34。
(2)乙基4-(2-溴乙酰胺)环己烷羧酸甲酯(Ethyl4-((2-bromoacetamido)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate)(2b)的合成
在0℃下,将上述合成的反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐(3.00g,13.5mmol)和K2CO3(3.73g,27.1mmol)添加到CH3CN(100ml)制备混合物后,向上述混合物经1个小时缓缓添加溴乙酰溴(bromoacetylbromide)(1.1mol eq in20ml CH3CN),在80℃下搅拌18个小时。完成搅拌后,过滤混合物以去除无机盐,在低压下蒸发所有有机溶剂。剩余的成分用30ml的蒸馏水洗涤3次,并添加CH2Cl2溶解。之后,为了得到为未纯化的合成物质,上述物质在Na2SO4下干燥、过滤、蒸发,从而完全去除溶剂。之后,进行硅胶柱层析(gradient elution(梯度洗脱)CH2Cl2to30%EthylAcetate(EA乙酸乙酯)-CH2Cl2,Rf=0.5(EA∶CH2Cl2=4∶6))以进行完全纯化。其结果,合成的乙基4-(2-溴乙酰胺)环己烷羧酸甲酯的产率为2.49g(60%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=6.54(br,1H,-CONH-),4.12(q,2H,-OCH2CH3),3.90(s,2H,BrCH2CO-),3.16(t,2H,-CONHCH2-),2.22(m,1H,CH3CH2COOCH-,cyclohexyl),1.80-2.10(m,4H,CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.52(m,1H,NHCH2CH-,cyclohexyl),1.49-1.37(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.24(t,3H,-COOCH2CH3),1.08-0.92(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl).13CNMR(CDCl3):δ=175.79(BrCH2 CONH-),165.57(-COOCH2CH3),60.23(-COOCH2CH3),45.96(-COOCH-,cyclohexyl),43.17(-NHCH2CH-),37.12(-NHCH2 CH-,cyclohexyl),29.68(BrCH2CO-),29.35(-CH2-,cyclohexyl),28.34(-CH2-,cyclohexyl),14.22(-COOCH2 CH3).Anal.Calcd for C12H20BrNO3:C,47.07:H,6.58;N,4.57.Found:C,47.78;H,6.85;N,4.72(purity>95%).
FAB-MS(m/z):calc.for C12H21BrNO3,306.07([MH]+).Found:306.20。
(3)DO3A-(tBuO)3·HBr的合成
在0℃下,向120ml的CH3CN添加cylen(1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷(tetraazacyclododecane)(strem,美国)(5.34g,30mmol)和NaHCO3(8.34g,99mmol)搅拌,经30分钟缓缓滴加溴乙酸叔丁酯(tert-butylbromoacetate)(19.35g,99mmol)。之后,在常温下将上述反应混合物搅拌48小时。完成反应后,过滤上述混合物以去除无机固体(inorganic solid),重新过滤并去除溶剂。过滤剩余的固体状态的物质添加到氯仿(chloroform)后,过滤去除未溶解而剩余的固体悬浮物。之后,浓缩滤液(filtrate)得到的固体物质以甲苯(toluene)进行再结晶。其结果,合成的DO3A-(tBuO)3·HBr的产率为11.30g(61%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=3.37(s,4H,2xCH2acetates),3.29(s,2H,CH2uniqueacetate),3.10(br,4H,-CH2CH2-ring),2.88-2.93(brm,12H,-CH2CH2-ring),1.55(s,27H,C(CH3)3).13CNMR(CDCl3):δ=28.19(-C(CH3)),47.52(-CH2CH2-,cyclicring,asymmetric),49.15(-CH2 CH2-,cyclicring,asymmetric),51.31(-CH2CH2-,cyclicring,symmetric),58.17(-CH2COO-,acetate),81.66(-C(CH3)),169.62(-CH2 COO-,uniqueacetate),170.51(-CH2 COO-,acetate).Anal.Calcd for C26H51N4O6·HBr:C,52.43;H,8.63;N,9.41.Found:C,52.10;H,8.90;N,9.00(purity>95%)。
Maldi-TofMS(m/z):calc.for C26H51N4O6,515.38([MH]+).Found:515.39.
(4)叔丁基N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-乙氧羰基)环己酯)甲氨基-2-氧代乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三)三醋酸酯(Tert-butylN,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-ethoxycarbonyl)cyclohexyl)methylamino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate)(3b)的合成
向10ml的CH3CN添加上述合成的乙基4-(2-溴乙酰胺)环己烷羧酸甲酯(1.13g,3.69mmol)搅拌,缓缓添加通过向50ml的CH3CN添加DO3A-(tBuO)3·HBr(2g,3.36mmol)和K2CO3(1.4g,11.07mmol)制备的混合物。之后,将上述混合物在常温下搅拌24小时后,进行过滤。在低压下蒸发滤液(filtrate),其结果,得到黄色的固体物质。将未纯化的上述固体物质进行硅胶柱层析(gradient elution(梯度洗脱)CH2Cl2to10%MeOH-CH2Cl2,Rf=0.5(MeOH∶CH2Cl2=1∶9)),完全纯化最终得到白色的固体合成物质。合成的叔丁基N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-乙氧羰基)环己酯)甲氨基-2-氧代乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三)三醋酸酯的产率为2.11g(85%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=4.11(q,2H,-COOCH2CH3),3.38(s,4H,2xCH2acetate),3.29(s,2H,CH2unique acetate),3.05-3.15(br m,6H,overapped-CH2CH2-ring and CH2acetate arm),2.85-2.94(br m,12H,-CH2CH2-ring),2.18-2.24(m,1H,CH3CH2COOCH-),1.88-2.00(m,4H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.60(m,1H,-NHCH2CH-,cyclohexyl),1.46(s,27H,-C(CH3)3),1.41-1.45(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.25(t,3H,-OCH2CH3),1.01-1.05(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl).FAB-MS(m/z):Calc.for C38H70N5O9,740.52([MH]+);C38H69N5O9Na,762.50([MNa]+).Found:740.40([MH]+),762.40([MNa]+).
Maldi-TofMS(m/z):found,740.50([MH]+),762.50([MNa]+).Purity<90%。
(5)DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物1(4b)的合成
向10ml的TFA添加上述合成的叔丁基N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-乙氧羰基)环己酯)甲氨基-2-氧代乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三)三醋酸酯(2.0g,2.70mmol),在常温下搅拌24小时。完成搅拌后,上述溶液以50ml的二乙醚(diethyl ether)稀释,进行过滤后,以二乙醚洗涤后,在真空下干燥得到白色的固体物质。上述物质以NaOH酸碱滴定(acidimetric titration)后,测定元素分析(elemental analysis)以确认合成物质为C26H45N5O9·CF3COOH。上述合成物质的产率为2.25g(91%)。
1H NMR(D2O):δ=3.95-4.01(q,2H,-OCH2CH3),3.62(br s,8H,acetatearm-CH2-),3.14(br s,16H,-CH2CH2-cyclicring),2.90-2.92(d,2H,-CONHCH2-),2.13-2.20(m,1H,CH3CH2COOCH-),1.79-1.82(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.62-1.65(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.31-1.35(m,1H,-NHCH2CH-,cyclohexyl),1.19~1.27(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.06-1.10(t,3H,-OCH2CH3),0.79-0.89(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl).13CNMR(500NMR,D2O):δ=13.3(-CH2 CH3),28.10(-CH2 CH2-,cyclohexyl),29.10(-CH2CH2-,cyclohexyl),36.56(-(CH2)2 CHCH2NH-,cyclohexyl),43.16(CH2)2CHCH2NH-),45.29(-(CH2)2 CHCOOCH2CH3),49.12(-CH2CH2-,cyclicring,asymmetric),50.25(-CH2 CH2-,cyclicring,symmetric),52.22(-CH2COONH-),55.17(-CH2COOH,acetate),171.01(-CH2 CONH-),179.32(-CH2 COOCH2CH3),181.36(-CH2 COOH).Anal.Calcd forC26H45N5O9·3CF3COOH:C,42.06;H,5.29;N,7.66.Found:C,42.09;H,5.85;N,8.26(Purity>95%).Maldi-Tof-MS(m/z):calc.for C26H46N5O9,572.33([MH]+),C26H45N5O9Na,594.31([MNa]+).Found:572.44([MH]+),594.44([MNa]+)。
1-2.DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生体2的合成
(1)烯丙基-反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐
(allyl-trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneethylcarboxylate hydrochloride)(1c)的合成。
首先,使用从TCl(日本)购买的反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷甲酸(trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid)合成烯丙基-反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐。
在0℃下,向50ml的烯丙醇(allyl alcohol)添加反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷甲酸(3.93g,25mmol)搅拌,缓缓添加亚硫酰氯(thionylchloride)(3.57g,30mmol)以冰冷的状态维持10分钟并搅拌。之后,将上述反应混合物在75℃下环流1个小时后,冷却到常温。在低压下完全去除溶剂后,剩余的成分以己烷(hexane)(30ml)洗涤3次以去除剩余溶剂。将完全去除溶剂的混合物在真空状态下干燥6个小时,得到烯丙基-反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐,产率为4.79g(82%)。
1H NMR(d6-DMSO,400MHz):δ=7.81(br s,3H,NH2HCl),5.71(m,1H),5.16(m,2H,OCH2CH=CH2),4.32(m,2H,OCH2CH=CH2),2.40(d,J=7.00,2H,H9),2.07(m,1H,H13),1.66(m,4H,H11/H12),1.33(m,1H,H10),0.92(m,4H,H11/H12).13C NMR(d6-DMSO,100MHz):δ=174.77(C1),133.12(OCH2CH=CH2),117.78(OCH2CH=CH2),64.46(OCH2CH=CH2),44.01(CH2NH2),42.32(C2),35.12(C4),29.02(C3,C5),28.20(C2,C6).Anal.Calc.for C11H1gNO2·HCl:C,56.52;H,8.62;N,5.99.Found:C,56.37;H,8.54;N,5.76%.FABMS(m/z):calc.for C11H20NO2,198.28([MH]+);found,198.10。
(2)烯丙基4-(2-溴乙酰胺)环己烷羧酸甲酯(allyl4-((2-bromoacetamido)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate)(2c)的合成
上述实施例1-1(2)的合成过程中,除了代替反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐而使用烯丙基-反式-4-(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐(3.02g,12.83mmol)以外,以相同的方式合成。产率为2.86g(70%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=6.54(br,1H,-CONH-),5.87-5.92(m,1H,-OCH2CH=CH2),5.24-5.32(m,2H,-OCH2CH=CH2),4.57(d,2H,-OCH2CH=CH2),3.89(s,2H,BrCH2CONH-),3.16(t,2H,-CH2NHCO-),2.27(m,1H,CH2=CHCH2COOCH-),1.82-2.03(m,4H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.52(m,1H,-NHCH2CH-),1.46-1.51(m,2H,CH2-,cyclohexyl),0.92-1.10(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl).13CNMR(d6-DMSO):δ=175.32(BrCH2 CONH-),165.33(-COOCH2CH=CH2),132.29(-COOCH2 CH=CH2),118.01(-COOCH2CH=CH2),64.92(-COOCH2CH=CH2),45.98(-COOCH-,cyclohexyl),43.17(-NHCH2CH-),37.12(-NHCH2 CH-,cyclohexyl),29.68(BrCH2CO-),29.44(-CH2-,cyclohexyl),28.35(-CH2-,cyclohexyl).Anal.Calcd for C13H20BrNO3:C,49.07;H,6.34;N,4.40.Found:C,48.90;H,6.39;N,4.27(purity>95%).FAB-MS(m/z):calc.For C13H21BrNO3,318.07([MH]+).Found:318.30。
(3)叔丁基N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-烯丙氧羰基)环己酯)甲氨基-2-氧代乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三)三醋酸酯(Tert-butyl N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-allyloxycarbonyl)cyclohexyl)methylamino-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate(3c)的合成
上述实施例1-1(4)的合成过程中,除了代替乙基4-(2-溴乙酰胺)环己烷羧酸甲酯而使用烯丙基4-(2-溴乙酰胺)环己烷羧酸甲酯(1.17g,3.69mmol)以外,以相同的方式合成。产率为2.10g(83%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=5.85-5.95(m,1H,-CH2CH=CH2),5.19-5.31(m,2H,-CH2CH=CH2),4.54(d,2H,-CH2CH=CH2),0.95-1.05(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.37-1.45(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.46(s,27H,-C(CH3)3),2.21-3.51(br m,27H,overapped-CH2CH2-cyclic ring(16H),-CH2-acetatearms(8H),-NHCH2CH-(2H),-NHCH2CH-(1H)),1.90-2.00(br m,4H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.60(m,1H,-OOCCH2CH-).Maldi-Tof MS(m/z)Calc.forC39H69N5O9Na:774.50([MNa]+),C39H69N5O9K:790.47([MK]+).Found:774.58[MNa]+,790.60[MK]+.Purity<90%。
(4)DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物2(4c)的合成
上述实施例1-1(5)的合成过程中,除了代替叔丁基N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-乙氧羰基)环己酯)甲氨基-2-氧代乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三)三醋酸酯而使用叔丁基N,N′,N″-(N′″-(2-((4-烯丙氧羰基)环己酯)甲氨基-2-氧代乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三)三醋酸酯(2.03g,2.70mmol)以外,以相同的方法合成。产率为2.60g(89%)。
1H NMR(D2O):δ=5.84-5.94(m,1H,-OCH2CH=CH2),5.18-5.28(m,2H,-OCH2CH=CH2),4.53-4.55(d,2H,-OCH2CH=CH2),3.61-3.72(m,8H,-CH2-acetatearms),3.14-3.27(br m,16H,-CH 2CH2-cyclic ring),2.98-2.99(d,2H,-CONHCH2-),2.27-2.34(m,1H,CH3CH2COOCH-,cyclohexyl),1.91-1.93(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.72-1.74(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.40-1.48(m,1H,-NHCH2CH-,cyclohexyl),1.28-1.37(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),0.88-0.98(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl).13CNMR(500NMR,D2O):δ=28.09(-CH2 CH2-,cyclohexyl),29.05(-CH2CH2-,cyclohexyl),36.51(-(CH2)2 CHCH2NH-,cyclohexyl),43.06(-(CH2)2CHCH2NH-),45.35(-(CH2)2 CHCOOCH2CH=CH2),49.52(-CH2CH2-,cyclicring),52.21(-CH2COONH-),55.12(-CH2COOH,acetate),65.58(-COOCH2CH=CH2),118.03(-COOCH2CH=CH2),132.06(-COOCH2 CH=CH2),171.99(-CH2 CONH-),179.73(-CH2 COOCH2CH=CH2),181.28(-CH2 COOH).Anal.Calcdfor C27H45N5O9·2.4CF3COOH:C,43.76;H,5.65;N,8.28.Found:C,43.65;H,6.03;N,9.07(Purity>95%).Maldi-Tof MS(m/z):calc.for C27H46N5O9,584.33([MH]+),C27H45N5O9Na,606.31([MNa]+).Found:584.36([MH]+),606.32([MNa]+)。
1-3.DO3A-反式氨甲环酸(4a)的合成
DO3A-反式氨甲环酸是使用上述合成的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物1合成的。
向20ml的乙醇添加在上述实施例1-1合成的4b化合物(1.0g,1.0mmol)后,向上述溶剂添加5N的NaOH,将PH值滴定到10。完成PH滴定后,在低压下去除溶剂,添加10ml的甲醇溶解。之后,进行使溶剂通过甲醇的短硅胶(silica gel,60mesh)柱层析后,重新去除溶剂。完全去除溶剂后剩余的物质,以二乙醚粉碎,为了得到白色的固体合成物质,在真空状态下进行干燥。由此合成的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸的产率为0.50g(85%)。
1H NMR(D2O):δ=0.85-0.94(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.20-1.29(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.41(br s,1H,-NHCH2CH-,cyclohexyl),1.68-1.71(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.80-1.83(m,2H,-CH2-,cyclohexyl),1.98-2.04(m,1H,HOOCCH-,cyclohexyl),2.35-3.45(br m,26H,overapped-CH2CH2-cyclicring(16H),-CH2-acetate arms(8H),-CONHCH2-(2H).13CNMR(D2O):δ=29.02(-CH2 CH2-,cyclohexyl),29.74(-CH2CH2-,cyclohexyl),37.10(-(CH2)2 CHCH2NH-,cyclohexyl),44.80(-(CH2)2CHCH2NH-),45.63(-(CH2)2 CHCOOH),48.67(-CH2CH2-,cyclicring,symmetric),51.56(-CH2 CH2-,cyclicring,asymmetric),52.06(-CH2 CH2-,cyclicring,asymmetric),55.51(-CH2COONH-),55.80(-CH2COOH,unique acetate),57.12(-CH2COOH,acetates),170.84(-CH2 CONH-),171.92(-CH2 COOH,unique),177.02(-CH2 COOH),183.70(-(CH2)2CHCOOH).Maldi-Tof MS(m/z):calc.for C24H42N5O9,544.30([MH]+),C24H41N5O9Na,566.28([MNa]+);found,544.35([MH]+),566.33([MNa]+).Purity<90%。
实施例2、钆配合物的制备
使用在上述实施例1合成的DO3A配合物制备钆配合物。制备钆配合物的合成过程在以下进行详细说明,各个合成的化合物使用FAB-Mass进行确认。FAB-Mass质谱仪器使用JMS-700质量分光光度计(massspectrophotometer(Jeol,日本))。
2-1.钆配合物1(5a)的合成
向10ml的蒸馏水添加上述合成的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸(4a)(0.5g,0.9mmol)并制备溶液后,向上述溶液添加GdCl36H2O(gadolinium chloridehexahydrate氯化钆六水合物)(0.34g,0.92mmol)后,在常温下搅拌18个小时。搅拌完成后,为了过滤未反应的Gd离子,将上述反应混合物通过交联葡聚糖(sephadex)G-25,只分离出结合有Gd的混合物。之后,在0℃下向乙醇溶液(ethanolic solution)缓缓添加二乙醚(diethyl ether)得到白色的固体合成物质。Gd3+离子的去除是使用二甲酚橙指示液(xylenol orangeindicator)确认的。上述钆配合物的产率为0.71g(90%)。
Anal.Calcd for NaC24H37GdN5O9·CF3COOH·H2O:C,36.66;H,4.73;N,8.22.Found:C,36.86;H,4.97;N,7.50(Purity>95%).FAB-MS(m/z):calc.For C24H38GdN5O9Na,721.18([MNa(H2O)]+).Found:721.19.
HR-FABMS(m/z):calc.for C24H39GdN5O9,699.1989([MH-(H2O)]+);found,699.1984。
2-2.钆配合物2(5b)的合成
在上述实施例2-1的合成过程中,除了代替DO3A-反式氨甲环酸(4a)而使用DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物1(4b)(0.913g,1mmol)以外,以相同的方法合成。产率为1.12g(95%)。
Anal.Calcd for C26H44GdN5O10·2.5CF3COOH·8H2O:C,31.74;H,5.37;N,5.97.Found:C,31.51;H,5.02;N,6.01(Purity>95%).HR-FABMS(m/z):calc.for C26H42GdN5O9Na,749.2128([MNa-(H2O)]+).Found:749.2126。
2-3.钆配合物3(5c)的合成
在上述实施例2-1的合成过程中,除了代替DO3A-反式氨甲环酸(4a)而使用DO3A-反式氨甲环酸酯衍生物2(4c)(0.857g,1mmol)以外,以相同的方法进行合成。产率为1.01g(90%)。
Anal.Calcd for C27H44GdN5O10·2CF3COOH·8H2O:C,33.01;H,5.54;N,6.21.Found:C,32.69;H,5.22;N,6.70(Purity>95%).HR-FABMs(m/z):calcd for C27H43GdN5O9,739.2308([MH-(H2O)]+);found,739.2307。
实施例3.质子化常数(Protonation constants)、稳定化常数(Stability
constants)、选择常数、条件稳定化常数以及pM值测定
测定了在以上制备的DO3A配合物以及钆配合物的质子化常数、稳定化常数、选择常数、条件稳定化常数以及PM值。DO3A配合物(4a~4c)根据添加质子的质子化常数(Ki H)以及钆配合物(5a~5c)的稳定化常数由如下述数学式(1以及2)进行了定义。下述数学式中,HiL(L=4;i=1,2,..)是质子化配位体(protonated ligand),L是去质子化(deprotonated)的自由配位体,M是未水解的水金属离子(unhydrolyzed aqua metalion;Gd,Ca,Zn,Cu),ML表示非质子化(non protonated)以及未水解。
<数学式1>
Ki H=[HiL]/[Hi-1L][H+]
<数学式2>
KML(therm)=[ML]/[M][L]
各个DO3A配合物的质子化常数以及钆(Gd(III))、钙(Ca(II))、锌(Zn(II))以及铜(Cu(II))复合物的稳定化常数是以电位滴定(potentiometrictitration)来决定的。结果如下表1所示,测定对照群DOTA以及DTPA、EOB-DTPA、BOTPA、DTPA-BMA的非循环衍生物(acyclic analogues)的值并进行判断。
如表1所示,DO3A配合物(4a~4c)的质子化常数(logKi H)以及整体碱度(overall basicity;∑pKa)相较于非环式、开链配合物(open-chaincounterpart)较高或相似。整体碱度与配位体金属以及配位原子(donor atom)之间的静电相互作用(electrostatic interaction)的强度有直接相互关系,因此与螯合(chelate)的稳定性有关。高碱度的配位体肯定能够引导具有更高热力学稳定性的混合物形态,其由使用各个DO3A配合物制备的钆配合物证明。
而且,可确认DO3A配位体中4a表现出最高的logKGdL值(18.73),尤其是,具有相较于DOTA(18.33)更高的值。这意味着生理条件(physiological condition)中Gd-配位体(L)的结合稳定性相较于DOTA高。由4a取得的较高的结合稳定性,是由4a配位体和Gd(III)离子(以及)的静电相互作用相较于4b、4c强引起的。
而且,pM(表示配位体和金属间结合力的值)值对配位体的碱度以及混合物的质子化产生影响。因此,如果pM值大,在给定条件下对金属离子的配位体的亲和性大。如表1所示,pGd值相较于钙(Ca(II))、锌(Zn(II))以及铜(Cu(II))高。这意味着各个DO3A配位体的Gd(III)配合物不受其它内生金属(endogenous metal)离子的影响而保持稳定化。
[表1.质子化常数、稳定化常数、选择常数、条件稳定化常数以及pM值]
实施例4.金属交换(transmetallatin)运动
Gd-配合物虽然热力学上稳定,但是速度论上会由生物体内的离子发生金属交换,通过此过程,顺磁性钆(Gd(III))离子将从复合物(complex)中脱离。作为这种生物体内的离子有铜、钙、锰等。在生物体血液内存在微量(1~10mol/L)铜离子,钙离子相较于DTPA或者DOTA具有相对较低的结合度(相较于Gd约低log10左右)。只有锰具有能够在血液内与钆离子发生交换所需的充分量(55~125mol/L),而且热力学上相较于钆低4倍左右。因此,在存在锰离子的状态下,Gd-复合物(Gd-complex)的稳定性非常重要。如果在身体内由生物体内离子发生金属交换(transmetallation),就会生成自由钆离子,生物体内其它离子与配位体相结合通过肾脏排出至体外。
如果由锰离子在顺磁性钆配合物发生金属交换(transmetallation),自由钆离子由磷酸盐(phosphate)缓冲溶液成为GdPO4形态,其水溶性非常低(Ksp=10-22.2mol2/L2),由此不会对水质子(water proton)的弛豫率产生影响。因此,根据时间的相对的值,R1 P(t)/R1 P(0)是测定金属交换的较佳的方法。根据时间的R1 P(t)/R1 P(0)的变化,从速度方面提供某种程度的信息,在理论上时间为无限值(t=∞)时,将反映热力学方面。
因此,为了确认根据本发明的钆配合物的金属交换运动,测定2.5mmol/L的Gd-复合物(Gd-complex)和ZnCl2在磷酸盐(Phosphate)缓冲溶液(pH7.4)上根据时间变化的水的质子(proton)的弛豫率(R1 P)。为了确认弛豫率的变化,向1ml的Gd-复合物(Gd-complex)缓冲溶液添加10μL(250mmol/L)的ZnCl2溶液后,充分摇晃使其较好地混合。而且,为了确认对照效果,在乙酸锌(Zinc acetate)中对 以及ethyl tranexamate(6)进行与上述相同的实验。在室温中以Magnetom Tim Trip(磁共振全景成像矩阵)(Simens,德国,3T whole bodysystem)测定实验结果。测定结果如图2所示。
图2为示出顺磁性弛豫率变化(R1 P(t)/R1 P(0))示意图。如图2所示,根据弛豫率的进行程度可分为(A)5a~5c的大环螯合物(macrocyclicchelates)以及(B)除此之外的无环螯合物(acyclic chelates)两个组。根据本发明合成的钆配合物1~3(5a,5b及5c),以72小时为基准均表现出相当好的速度稳定性(约98%以上)。这种特性与相似。这是因为钆配合物的结构相似性引起的。钆配合物为大环模序(macrocyclic motif),具有相同个数的五角环。可观察到最初5分钟弛豫率上升,这是钆在去配位(decomplexation)过程中与水接触更多而出现上升效果。除此之外的中则出现急剧的减少效果,判断这是由无环开链DTPA-双酰胺模序(acyclic open-chain DTPA-bis(amide)motif)发生的。尤其是中在同一测定时间段减少到最初弛豫率的30%。而且,ethyl tranexamate(6)的位置在两个组的(大环(macrocyclic)和无环(acyclic))中间位置。这可以预见为DTPA-双酰胺(DTPA-bis(amide))中氨甲环酸部分(tranexamic moiety)不仅在热力学稳定性且在速度上起到重要的效果。这种连贯性是相较于DTPA-BMA,氨甲环酸部分(tranexamic moiety)增加回旋相关时间,从而较大地提高R1弛豫率。
实施例5.弛豫时间(relaxation time)及弛豫率(relaxivity)
测定了上述制备的钆配合物的弛豫时间(T1,T2)和弛豫率(R1,R2)。具有较高弛豫率的造影剂即使注入相对较少量也表现出较高的照影增强效果。
T1测定是在1.5T中,使用根据多种T1(反转时间inversion time)的反转恢复(inversion recovery)来进行确认。MR影像通过35种不同的T1值(50~1750msec)来取得。T1弛豫时间(relaxatin time)是分别由各个T1值中信号强度(signal intensity)的最小非线性拟合(fitting)来测定的,T2测定是适用了用以测定多种自旋回声影像(spin-echo)的CPMG(Carr Purcell MeiboonGill)脉冲序列(pulse sequence)来完成的。34种不同的影像是由34种不同的TE(echo time回波时间)值得出的。T2弛豫时间是以非线性拟合法(fitting)来测定像素中间值得出的,其中上述像素中间值用以测定各个回声时间(echo time)中多种自旋回声影像(spin-echo)。弛豫率(relaxivity)是根据每个弛豫时间mM的反数(R=1/s·mM)来计算的。决定的弛豫时间和弛豫率最终变换成幻像地图(phantom map)。幻像影像为了在相同浓度下进行比较而同时取得和钆配合物。测定结果如图3以及表2所示。图3为根据本发明的钆配合物(5a~5c)和的弛豫时间和弛豫率地图(map)照片示意图,表2为示出根据本发明的钆配合物和其它Gd-复合物(Gd-complexes)的弛豫率示意图。
与表2中已商用化的造影剂相比,可确认5b和5c具有相当高的R1值,尤其是具有最高R1值的5c相较于高出2.6倍。在目前的系统中,出现这种高R1值估计是因为相较于增加的分子量所导致的。分子量的增加,会增加回旋时间,从而提高R1弛豫率。而且追加地内球面(inner-sphere)水分子和羧基(carboxylic group)的相互作用也会作用为弛豫率上升的因素。即,5b、5c的水分子的交换率由疏水性烷基酯基团(alkylester)而提高,与此对照,羧酸(carboxylic acid)等亲水性基团(5a)由于氢结合而使得与内球面(inner-sphere)水分子的结合速度降低,因此其弛豫率低。
表2.钆配合物的弛豫时间以及弛豫率
实施例6.活体内MRI测试(In vivo MRI test)
为了测定根据本发明的MRI造影剂的照影效果,准备6周龄的公ICR小鼠(重量(weight)=29~31g)后,为了测试在有氧条件下以1.5%异氟烷(isoflurane)麻醉后,以0.1mmol Gd/Kg的本发明的钆配合物(5c)进行了处理。处理之后,将从麻醉醒过来的小鼠放入笼子(cage)并使其自由摄取水和饮食,以37℃的温湿巾维持温度。
在1.5T(GE Healthcare,Milwaukee,WI,美国)的直接制备的动物用射频线圈中测定了MR影像。该线圈是内径为50mm左右的接收机(receiver)形式。使用3D fast SPGR(3dimension fast spoiled gradient recalled echo三维快速扰相梯度回波序列)常数得到影像。:TR(repetition time)=8.8ms;TE(echo time)=3.9ms;10mm FOV(field of view);256×192matrix size;1.0mm slice thickness;NEX(number of acquisition)=4。用于自旋回声的影像变量如下:TR=500ms;TE=13ms;6mm FOV;192×128matrix size;1.5mm slice thickness;NEX=4。各个影像以3分16秒的间隔测定,得到注入钆配合物(0.1mmol/kg的5c)之后26小时为止的MRI影像。此外,上述取得的MR影像分析是使用Advantage Window software(GE Medical,美国)在特定ROI(region of interest感兴趣区域)来测定信号强度。而且使用以下数学式3来计算CNR(Contrast to Noise Ratio对比噪声比),数学式中SNR是对噪声比(noise ratio)的信号。
<数学式3>
CNR=SNRpost-SNRpre
测定结果如图4a至4c及图5所示。
首先,图4a~4c为示出测定的MRI影像示意图。通过图4a可见,将钆配合物处理后初期1小时后在肝脏(liver)可观察到强烈的信号,相同时间以后,在心脏(heart)和动脉(astery)也观察到相似的血池效果(blood-pooleffect)。此外,如图4b所示,处理5分钟后,在肝脏、肾脏(kidney)、大动脉(aorta)同时表现出照影效果。由此可知根据本发明的钆配合物表现出不仅在肝脏,还在心血管中的双重(bi-functionality)的照影效果。
并且,如图4c为确认通过胆管(bile duct)排出的样态的示意图。在初期,胆管中没有造影剂,因此影像显示较暗,注入造影剂后,随着时间的推移,在肝的肝胆吸收(hepatobiliary uptake)后,可见造影剂缓缓通过胆管排出至肠。这是造影剂5c照影肝后排出的确切的证据。
此外,通过ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma电感耦合等离子体)测定来观察根据注入时间的Gd(III)离子的含量,再次确认是否通过胆管排出。确认结果,如表3所示,随着时间的推移,可确认肝脏和肾脏中Gd(III)离子含量减少,注入6个小时后,在小肠(intestine)也可以测定到Gd(III)离子,从而证明通过肝脏和胆管排出。
[表3.ICP测定结果]
如上所述的本发明的钆配合物的双重照影效果,是因为钆配合物的结构特异性导致的。与现有的商用化的造影剂不同,代替无环DTPA(acyclic DTPA)而使用了大环螯合DO3A(macrocyclic chelate DO3A),尤其是在螯合物主链(chelate backbone)中未提及到芳香族取代基(aromatic substituent)的存在。预计是由上述芳香族和组织(organ)或者血球细胞(blood cell)之间的亲脂性相互作用(lipophilic interaction)来提高血池(blood-pool)。然而,目前商用化的和是使用了无环DTPA部分(acyclicDTPA moieties),其主链(backbone)被芳香族残基诱导,其存在预计会增加MRI造影剂和组织或者血球细胞之间的非共有亲脂性相互作用(non-covalent lipophilic interaction)。由此,通过本发明可确认,用于MRI造影剂和组织或者血髓细胞之间的非共有亲脂性相互作用的芳香族(aromatic)的存在不是必要因素。
而且,测定上述测定的MR影像CNR(Contrast to Noise Ratio)的结果,如图5所示,可观察到有强烈的肝细胞吸收,这是注入的造影剂通过胆管缓缓排出导致的。可通过MRI造影剂在生物体内长的循环时间来说明这种排出特性。
实施例7.细胞存活率(cell viability)
通过MTT实验测定HEK(human embrionic kidney人胚胎肾)-293的细胞存活率。
首先,将HEK-293细胞在含有热灭活(heat-inactivated)FCS(10%)、青霉素(100IU/ml)、链霉素(100mg/ml)以及庆大霉素(200mg/ml)的DMEM(Dulbecco′s modified eagle′s medium,Gibco)培养基中以1×104cells/well密度接种到96孔板,以37℃及5%CO2的条件培养。培养1天后,将本发明的钆配合物5a至5c(钆浓度;0.01~1.0mM)在含有青霉素(100IU/ml)、链霉素(100mg/ml)以及庆大霉素(200mg/ml)的DMEM培养基稀释后,替换培养基并培养24小时。完成培养后,以5mg/ml的MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,Sigma3-[4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-yl]-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑,∑)溶液10μ处理并在相同的条件下反应4小时。完成反应后,向去除上层液的细胞添加DMSO(dimethylsulfoxide二甲亚砜)100μl来溶解MTT甲臜(formazan),使用酶标仪(Molecular Device,美国Vio-rad550Reader)在570nm测定光密度(Optical Density)。测定结果如图6所示。
如图6所示,可确认与钆配合物培养24小时的情况下,对细胞繁殖及存活不产生影响。即,各实验群的细胞存活率接近100%。可确认本发明的钆配合物造影剂没有细胞毒性。
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工业利用性
如上所述,根据本发明可制备DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物,使用上述化合物制备钆配合物。含有根据本发明制备的钆配合物作为有效成分的MRI造影剂相较于现有的商用化的造影剂具有较高的弛豫率。而且,根据本发明的MRI造影剂具有肝特异性及心血管双重照影功能。因此,含有根据本发明的钆配合物的MRI造影剂满足磁共振成像(MRI)的对照造影剂所需的主要特性,可广泛使用于MRI造影剂中,尤其是相较于现有的造影剂可提高照影增强效果。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)向反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐(trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneethylcarboxylate hydrochloride)添加溴乙酰溴(bromoacetyl bromide)搅拌;
b)向所述混合物添加DO3A-(tBuO)3搅拌;
c)向所述混合物添加TFA,使叔丁基(tert-butyl)脱保护(deprotection);
d)在低压下在所述混合物中完全地去除溶剂后,添加甲醇溶解后,进行硅胶柱层析;以及
e)将由所述硅胶柱层析得到的物质在真空状态下干燥,得到DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,代替所述步骤a)的反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷碳酸乙酯盐酸盐,添加烯丙基-反式-4(氨甲基)环己烷羧酸乙酯盐酸盐(allyl-trans-4(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneethylcarboxylatehydrochloride)。
4.一种配合物配位体(L)用组合物,其中含有根据权利要求1所述的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物。
5.一种配合物,作为配位体(L)含有根据权利要求1所述的DO3A-反式氨甲环酸或者其酯化合物,并含有配位结合在所述配位体的金属原子。
6.根据权利要求5所述的配合物,其特征在于,所述金属原子为钆(Gd)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的配合物,其特征在于,所述配合物的化学式为[Gd(L)(H2O)·xCH3COOH·yH2O]。
8.一种磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂,其中含有根据权利要求5至7任一项所述的配合物作为有效成分。
9.根据权利要求8所述的磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂,其特征在于,所述造影剂具有肝特异性和心血管双重照影功能。
10.根据权利要求8所述的磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂,其特征在于,所述造影剂具有较高的弛豫率、提高的热力学及速度稳定性。
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