CN103153101A - 层叠耐热防护衣 - Google Patents

层叠耐热防护衣 Download PDF

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CN103153101A
CN103153101A CN2011800507078A CN201180050707A CN103153101A CN 103153101 A CN103153101 A CN 103153101A CN 2011800507078 A CN2011800507078 A CN 2011800507078A CN 201180050707 A CN201180050707 A CN 201180050707A CN 103153101 A CN103153101 A CN 103153101A
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黑田幸乙绫
内川哲茂
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Teijin Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供不仅耐热化学品性和透湿防水性优异，而且满足ISO11613的方法A和B的火焰暴露试验(ISO9151)、放射暴露试验(ISO6942-2002)等的指标，轻量且具有高隔热性，热应激小的层叠耐热防护衣。

Description

层叠耐热防护衣
技术领域
本发明涉及一种层叠耐热防护衣，更详细地说，本发明涉及不仅耐化学品性和透湿防水性优异，而且具有高隔热性、轻量性和柔软性的具有层叠结构的耐热防护衣。
背景技术
作为构成消防员在消防工作中穿着的耐热防护服的纤维，以往使用不燃性的石棉纤维、玻璃纤维等，但从环境问题和容易活动等的角度考虑，近年来主要使用芳族聚酰胺纤维、聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、聚苯并噁唑纤维等耐热阻燃性的有机纤维。
进一步地，为了防止对布帛的辐射热，往往将通过涂布或蒸镀、溅射、镀敷等对金属铝等进行表面加工而得的产品作为面料层使用。通过这些方法，对辐射热的隔热性有相当程度的提高。
特别是近年来，该辐射热的防止也成为非常重要的指标，ISO 11613的方法A中规定，火焰暴露试验(ISO 9151)和放射暴露试验(ISO 6942-2002)的指标分别为13秒以上和18秒以上。
此外，除耐热性外，为了防止夏季工作中的热应激导致的中暑，近年来，采用在内层中使用冰袋或者通过缝制来确保透气性的方法。其中，轻量化作为减轻热应激的一种方法，成为近年来的课题。
作为这样的耐热防护服，可例举日本特开2006-16709号公报中的具有二层结构的防护服、日本特开2009-280942号公报中的由差异收缩细纱构成的面料层等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2006-16709号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2009-280942号公报。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的目的是解决上述现有技术所具有的问题，提供一种层叠耐热防护衣，该层叠耐热防护衣不仅耐热化学品性和透湿防水性优异，而且轻量且满足ISO 11613的方法A和B的火焰暴露试验(ISO 9151)、放射暴露试验(ISO 6942-2002)等的指标，轻量且具有高隔热性。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人对上述课题进行了认真研究，结果通过以下记载的层叠耐热防护衣解决了上述问题，从而完成了本发明。
即，根据本发明，提供一种层叠耐热防护衣，其包含面料层、具有透湿防水功能的中间层和/或隔热层，该层叠耐热防护衣的特征在于，以ISO 6330为基准的洗涤5次后的所述层叠耐热防护衣的厚度为2.5mm以上，ISO 11613记载的欧洲方法A(第4节)中的热传导(放射暴露)试验(ISO 6942-2002)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(RHTI24)为18秒以上。
发明的效果
本发明的层叠耐热防护衣不仅耐热化学品性和透湿防水性优异，而且满足ISO 11613的方法A和B的火焰暴露试验(ISO 9151)、放射暴露试验(ISO 6942-2002)等的指标，轻量且具有高隔热性，因此可制成热应激小的层叠耐热防护衣。
附图说明
[图1]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的面料层的双层织物（double weave fabric）的格子间隔（lattice spacing）和温度上升的关系的图。
[图2]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的面料层的双层织物的格子间隔和厚度变化的关系的图。
[图3]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的一例的组织图。
[图4]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图5-1]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图5-2]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图5-3]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图5-4]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图5-5]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图5-6]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图5-7]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图5-8]是表示构成本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的隔热层的织物的另一例的组织图。
[图6]是表示本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的火焰暴露前后的形状变化的截面的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。
本发明的层叠耐热防护衣由面料层、具有透湿防水功能的中间层和/或隔热层构成，面料层、中间层、隔热层均由对位芳族聚酰胺纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维单独、或者混棉、混纺而制成交织机织或针织织物（union woven or knitted fabric）使用，作为其它能混棉、混纺的纤维，可例举聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚苯并咪唑纤维、聚苯并噁唑纤维、聚酰胺酰亚胺纤维、聚醚酰亚胺纤维、聚醚酰亚胺纤维、阻燃丙烯酸纤维、聚氯乙烯醇(polychlal)纤维、阻燃聚酯纤维、阻燃棉纤维、阻燃人造丝纤维、阻燃维纶纤维、阻燃羊毛纤维、聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维(pyromex)、碳纤维等。其中，只要是作为布帛的阻燃性能令人满意，则完全可以进行易燃性纤维的混棉、混纺、交织机织或针织。
另外，对位芳族聚酰胺纤维优选包含主链中具有芳香族环的聚酰胺的纤维，既可以是聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)，也可以是共聚型的共聚对亚苯基-3,4’-氧基二亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺(PPODPA)。
特别是作为面料层，需要耐热、阻燃、耐切割、高强力、高拉伸强力等特性，使用的是间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、对位芳族聚酰胺纤维和部分抗静电纤维等，但不限定于此，另外，作为布帛的形态，可例举针织或机织织物（knitted or woven fabric）以及无纺织物等，在实用性上优选机织织物（woven fabrics）。
此外，间位芳族聚酰胺纤维和对位芳族聚酰胺纤维等纤维能以长纤维、复合纱、由短纤维构成的细纱等的任一种形态使用，为了兼顾暴露于火焰时的针织或机织织物的开孔的抑制和实用的针织或机织织物特性，优选推荐对位芳族聚酰胺纤维的含量为1～70重量％。
该面料层可以是单层织物、双层织物中的任一种。在相同的单位面积重量条件下，耐火焰暴露、耐放射暴露特性更优异的是双层织物，为了以轻的重量满足高隔热性，特别优选双层织物。
即，其原因在于，为了抑制穿着时相当于皮肤侧的部分的温度上升，认为有效的是增大火焰暴露前后的面料层的厚度差，为双层织物时，例如可以使用收缩率彼此不同的纤维来形成正反面的组织，通过改变正反面的成束间隔（bundle spacing）等即可容易地改变厚度。
例如，图1所示为与下述实施例1相同构成的层叠耐热防护衣在ISO 11613中记载的北美方法B(第5节)中的(放射+火焰暴露)试验(ISO 17492)中、在暴露于火焰8秒钟后、经过40秒后的相当于皮肤侧的部分的温度上升(ΔT)与面料层的正反面的成束间隔之间的关系，可知存在抑制温度上升的最佳成束间隔值。
应予说明，图2所示为在与上述相同的条件下暴露于火焰8秒钟后、经过40秒后的面料层的厚度变化与面料层的正反面的成束间隔之间的关系，成束间隔小时，即使因正反面布帛的收缩差异而引起厚度变化，其增加也受到限制，不能体现出充分的温度上升抑制效果。其中，如果成束间隔过大，则虽然厚度增加，但有可能无法维持对于温度上升的抑制有效的形态，可知厚度与成束间隔同样，存在抑制温度上升的最佳厚度值。
对于上述构成的层叠耐热防护衣，优选的面料层的厚度变化为2mm以上(3g/cm2荷重下)，优选的成束间隔为15～45mm、更优选为15～30mm。
其中，特别优选使用如下面料层：面料层包含双层织物布帛，该布帛的正面侧布帛和反面侧布帛在400℃下的TMA收缩率差(150℃/分钟 升温)为4％以上，采用ISO 17492(TPP)从正面侧布帛侧暴露于火焰8秒钟时的双层织物的厚度的变化为2mm以上。
另外，面料层双层织物布帛中，优选反面侧布帛的耐切割性高于正面侧布帛。
另外，为了提供具有更好的耐水性能和耐化学品性能的防护衣，该面料层优选进行拒水拒油加工，加工方法可以是涂布法、浸渍法、喷雾法、浴中浸渍法等中的任一种。
作为中间层，通过使用对上述针织或机织织物等进一步实施聚四氟乙烯等的透湿防水层膜的层合加工或涂布等而成的产品，也能赋予优异的透湿防水功能和耐化学品性。
具有透湿防水功能的中间层和/或隔热层既可以分别分离，也可以一体化。
认为分离的三层层叠结构的层间空气层(绝热层)数多，对隔热性有利，但只要层叠厚度相同，则隔热性不会有很大差异。
隔热层的厚度优选为1.80mm以上，单位面积重量优选为110～150g/m2。
上述隔热层优选如下所述获得：使2～20％以下的高收缩性纤维混合，使隔热层结构物与80℃以上的干湿热条件接触从而收缩，得到厚度增加(体积大)的隔热层。为了获得体积更大的隔热层，例如可以通过用于机织织物的经纱(设计排列)来获得在接触80℃以上的干湿热条件时在经方向上发生收缩而体积显著增大的隔热层，此外，通过使高收缩性纤维和非高收缩性纤维交替排列，也能获得如绝热缓冲材料(气泡缓冲材料)的针织或机织织物。
此时，为了维持厚度(大体积性)方向上的耐压性和形态保持(洗涤和穿着等)性，例如在获得如上述绝热缓冲材料(气泡缓冲材料)的针织或机织织物时，如果在针织或机织织物中使单层和双层交替排列，或者以滚边状或条状排列，则效果更佳。另外，例如为滚边状(单层/双层的交替排列)的情形中，可以使非/难收缩纤维占据双层部分的正面侧，进而使该双层部分的正面侧的排列比例比反面侧更多(例如正:反=2:1)，这非常有助于稳定且耐久地体现出厚度。
这样的机织组织的设计图的例子示于图3～图5。图5所示为交替排列的例子，通过改变密度和交替间距，可使厚度、厚度的耐久性任意地改变。
将这样得到的隔热层制为层叠耐热防护衣使用时，可以将正反面中的任一面作为火焰侧(或穿着(人体)侧)，如果假定要穿着层叠耐热防护衣的防火服，则不要被脚趾头或粗大的手指头等钩住这一点也很重要，此时，优选将凹凸较少的一侧作为穿着(人体)侧，但优先高隔热性时则不限定于此，上述绝热缓冲材料(气泡缓冲材料)那样的凹凸(可以是随机、交替、单侧面中的任一种)可以体现在正反面的任一面。
上述本发明的层叠耐热防护衣在火焰暴露的前后，其截面形状如图6那样变化，显示出如下所述的优异耐热性。
即，本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的以ISO 6330为基准的洗涤5次后的该层叠耐热防护衣的厚度必须为2.5mm以上，ISO 11613记载的欧洲方法A(第4节)中的热传导(放射暴露)试验(ISO 6942-2002)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(RHTI24)必须为18秒以上。
放射暴露试验(ISO 6942-2002)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(RHTI24)不满足上述范围时，无法获得足够的隔热性，防护衣的重量过重，无法减轻热应激。
另外，本发明中，除了上述特性外，还进一步优选：
(1)ISO 11613记载的欧洲方法A(第4节)中的热传导(火焰暴露)试验(ISO 9151)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(HTI24)为13秒以上。
(2)ISO 11613记载的欧洲方法A(第4节)中的热传导(火焰暴露)试验(ISO 9151)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(RHTI24)与直至温度上升12℃所需的时间(RHTI12)之差为4秒以上。
(3)ISO 11613记载的北美方法B(第5节)中的(放射＋火焰暴露)试验(ISO 17492)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(TPP)为17.5秒以上。
这样得到的本发明的层叠耐热防护衣的单位面积重量优选为400～600g/m2，更优选为450±50g/m2。
另外，本发明的层叠耐热防护衣优选ISO 13506中的2度+3度烧伤率为10％以下。
实施例
下面通过实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明。应予说明，实施例中采用的评价方法如下所述。
(1)ISO 6942-2002:RHTI24(秒)
以ISO 6942(2002)为基准，在热通量40kW/m2的条件下，求出开始放射暴露起直至铜制传感器上升24℃的时间(RHTI24)。
(2)ISO 9151:HTI24(秒)
以ISO 9151为基准，求出开始火炎暴露起铜制传感器上升24℃的时间(HTI24)。
(3)ISO 17492:TPP时间(秒)
以ISO 17492为基准，求出试验开始起上升24℃(二度烧伤)时的时间(TPP时间(秒))。
(4)ISO 13506:2度+3度烧伤率(％)
以ISO 13506为基准，算出2度+3度烧伤率。其中，此时由于未穿着头部装备品，因此仅对除头部以外的身体进行测量、计算。应予说明，评价时，在穿好棉100％左右的内衣和制服裤子后，在其上穿着耐热防护衣，供于试验。
(5)厚度(mm)
以ISO 6330为基准进行5次洗涤，将面料层、中间层和/或隔热层层叠。接着，以JISL1018(有毛织物)为基准，测定3g/cm2下的厚度。
[实施例1]
面料层为2层结构织物，该2层结构的正面侧使用的是包含聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社(帝人テクノプロダクツ)制、Teijin conex、纺前染色纱线品种c/#NB32.2T51)和共聚对亚苯基∙3,4’-氧基二亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Technora、品种T330BK1.7T51)的细纱(混棉比例间位90:对位10、纱线支数40/1)。
另外，反面侧使用的是包含共聚对亚苯基∙3,4’-氧基二亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Technora、品种T330BK1.7T51)的细纱，对于正反面成束，正面侧使用包含聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Teijin conex、纺前染色纱线品种c/#NB32.2T51)和共聚对亚苯基∙3,4’-氧基二亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Technora、品种T330BK1.7T51)的细纱，以格子间隔15mm进行成束，以经×纬密度96×86根/英寸进行机织。
对所得的坯布通过常规工序进行燎毛、退浆精炼、拒水拒油加工。所得的布帛的单位面积重量为215g/cm2，厚度为0.80mm(JISL1018基准)。
对于中间层，使用包含聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Teijin conex、纺前染色纱线品种c/#NB32.2T51)和共聚对亚苯基∙3,4’-氧基二亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Technora、品种T330BK1.7T51)的细纱(混棉比例间位95:对位5、纱线支数40/1)，通过常规方法进行机织和精加工后、层合聚四氟乙烯制的透湿防水性膜(日本奥亚特克斯公司(ジャパンゴアテックス社)制)，使用所得材料，得到单位面积重量120g/cm2的透湿防水层。
对于隔热层，将包含聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Teijin conex、纺前染色纱线品种c/#NB32.2T51)和共聚对亚苯基∙3,4’-氧基二亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺纤维(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Technora、品种T330BK1.7T51)的细纱(混棉比例间位95:对位5、纱线支数40/1)、以及该细纱和BWS30％的聚酯长丝(帝人纤维株式会社(帝人ファイバー)制、品种TFYN301SDC33T12)的并捻纱线交替地排列成经纱，另外，作为纬纱，将细纱按照图3的组织以经88根/英寸、纬90根/英寸机织，进行退浆精炼和精加工，得到单位面积重量为129g/cm2、厚度为2.1mm(JISLl018基准)的隔热层。
将所得的面料层、中间层及隔热层洗涤5次，测定层叠3层的厚度后，评价隔热性等。结果示于表1。
[实施例2]
实施例1中，在面料层的反面侧使用共聚对亚苯基∙3,4’-氧基二亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺纤维的斯本奈兹卷曲变形长丝(スパナイズフィラメント)(帝人高科技产品株式会社制、Technora、品种GTN220T)，除此之外与实施例1同样地实施。
[实施例3]
实施例2中，使面料层的机织密度为经×纬密度96×94根/英寸，除此之外与实施例2同样地实施。
[实施例4]
实施例1中，使面料层的正面侧细纱纱线支数为36/1，除此之外与实施例1同样地实施。
[实施例5]
实施例1中，使隔热层的组织为图4的设计，除此之外与实施例1同样地实施。
[实施例6]
实施例1中，使两层隔热层贴合成一层，除此之外与实施例1同样地实施。
[实施例7]
实施例1中，使面料层的正反面成束的格子间隔为30mm，除此之外与实施例1同样地实施。
[比较例1]
实施例1中，使隔热层的厚度为1.27mm，使三层层叠的厚度为2.4mm，除此之外与实施例1同样地实施。
[表1]
Figure 735302DEST_PATH_IMAGE001

Claims (13)

1.层叠耐热防护衣，其包含面料层、具有透湿防水功能的中间层和/或隔热层，其特征在于，以ISO 6330为基准的洗涤5次后的所述层叠耐热防护衣的厚度为2.5mm以上，ISO 11613记载的欧洲方法A(第4节)中的热传导(放射暴露)试验(ISO 6942-2002)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(RHTI24)为18秒以上。
2.权利要求1所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，ISO 11613记载的欧洲方法A(第4节)中的热传导(火焰暴露)试验(ISO 9151)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(HTI24)为13秒以上。
3.权利要求1或2所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，ISO 11613记载的欧洲方法A(第4节)中的热传导(火焰暴露)试验(ISO 9151)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(HTI24)与直至温度上升12℃所需的时间(HTI12)之差为4秒以上。
4.权利要求1～3中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，ISO 11613记载的北美方法B(第5节)中的(放射＋火焰暴露)试验(ISO 17492)中，直至温度上升24℃所需的时间(TPP)为17.5秒以上。
5.权利要求1～4中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，层叠耐热防护衣的单位面积重量为400～600g/m2。
6.权利要求1～5中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，层叠耐热防护衣的单位面积重量为450±50g/m2。
7.权利要求1～6中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，隔热层的厚度为1.80mm以上。
8.权利要求1～7中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，隔热层的单位面积重量为110～150g/m2。
9.权利要求1～8中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，层叠耐热防护衣的ISO 13506中的2度+3度烧伤率为10％以下。
10.权利要求1～9中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，面料层包含双层织物布帛，该布帛的正面侧布帛和反面侧布帛在400℃下的TMA收缩率差(150℃/分钟 升温)为4％以上，采用ISO 17492(TPP)从正面侧布帛侧暴露于火焰8秒钟时的双层织物的厚度的变化为2mm以上。
11.权利要求1～10中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，面料层双层织物布帛中，反面侧布帛的耐切割性高于正面侧布帛。
12.权利要求1～11中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，隔热层使用了2～20％的单位面积重量为100～150g/m2、BWS为10～50％的高收缩性纤维。
13.权利要求1～12中任一项所述的层叠耐热防护衣，其特征在于，隔热层是花式双层织物。
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