CN103140242A - 口腔用组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
目前已有的使用抗菌剂、酶抑制剂或抗生素的龋齿抑制法中，口腔生物膜的菌体外多糖妨碍抗菌剂、酶抑制剂、抗生素等的渗透，因此难以出现预期的龋齿抑制效果。此外，使用抗菌剂等会提高出现耐性菌的危险性，因而不理想。因此，人们要求开发一种不通过控制龋齿病原菌，而是通过控制由龋齿病原菌引起的生物膜的形成的更安全且高效的龋齿抑制用的口腔用组合物。本发明通过采用控制群体感应的组合物能够阻碍蛀牙生物膜的形成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在预防龋齿中有用的抑制生物膜形成的口腔用组合物，特别涉及采用利用口腔微生物的群体感应的新型的抑制生物膜形成的方法而得的口腔用组合物。
背景技术
附着在物体表面的微生物不是单独存在的，而是在具有特征的结构中与其他的微生物一起形成生物膜。该生物膜因为在固定化微生物中中的应用前景而起到对人类有益的作用，另一方面，已知也是引起龋齿及食品污染的原因，近年来正积极地对其进行着研究。
口腔生物膜由700种以上的细菌构成，1mg中存在108个以上的菌。其中占多数(20％～40％)的链球菌(Streptococci)以口腔表面上的动态的细菌间活性物质介导的细菌间通讯为基础形成生物膜。其中，变异链球菌(Streptococcus mutans:S.mutans)产生具有粘着性的菌体外多糖，起到形成具有病原性的生物膜的中心作用。已知口腔生物膜是导致龋齿及牙周炎的原因，已经发现这些疾病是由以变异链球菌为代表的细菌引起的微生物感染症。
以往的龋齿预防中，主流的思路是将变异链球菌灭菌，或通过抑制葡糖基转移酶等酶以防止噬斑的形成，从而抑制龋齿。但是，实际的龋齿病灶中，由于覆盖在生物膜表层的菌体外多糖而妨碍抗菌物质、酶抑制剂或抗生素等的渗透，因此大多无法获得预料的效果。而且，抗菌剂、酶抑制剂、抗生素等的使用经常伴随出现耐性菌的危险性。此外，也有通过刷或刮等机械性的除去来抑制生物膜的方法，但对于难以进行这种机械性的口腔生物膜的控制的需护理的高龄者等而言，用现在的方法难以实行精确的口腔护理。
从这些观点考虑，人们期望开发通过与以往不同的切入点来除去生物膜、预防蛀牙的方法。此外，口腔生物膜的控制中，理想的是日常习惯性地持续实施，因此使用口香糖等食品及洁齿剂等口腔用组合物是有效的。
作为新的口腔生物膜除去法的候选，可例举阻碍群体感应。近年来，已知作为细菌相互间的信息传递系统的分子机理的群体感应(QS；依赖于细菌密度的基因表达调控体系)对变异链球菌的生物膜的形成及病原性表达起作用，以及变异链球菌的QS由作为自诱导物的感受态刺激肽(Competence stimulatingpeptide:CSP)调控。现在，以该QS为靶点来控制生物膜的形成及病原性的表达的研究与以口腔疾患为代表的微生物感染症的预防方法的开发有关联而受到期待，虽然尝试了各种研究，但尚未达到实用化。
例如，非专利文献1中公开了唾液链球菌(S.salivarius)这种菌阻碍变异链球菌的生物膜形成，以及利用特定的基因的表达可以控制CSP。但是，将微生物导入口腔内存在安全性的问题，此外，基因表达的控制在多数情况下伴随有困难。因此，人们期望开发一种安全性更高、且简便的阻碍生物膜形成的方法。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非特許文献1：《口腔微生物学与免疫学》(Oral Microbiology AndImmunology),200924(2):pp152-61
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
目前已有的使用抗菌剂、酶抑制剂或抗生素等的龋齿抑制法中，口腔生物膜的菌体外多糖妨碍抗菌剂、酶抑制剂、抗生素等的渗透，因此难以出现预期的龋齿抑制效果。此外，使用抗菌剂、酶抑制剂、抗生素等会提高出现耐性菌的危险性，因而不理想。因此，本发明的目的是不通过控制龋齿病原菌，而是通过控制由龋齿病原菌引起的生物膜的形成，从而提供更安全且高效的龋齿抑制用的口腔用组合物。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
本发明人进行了认真研究，结果发现采用控制群体感应的组合物能够阻碍蛀牙生物膜的形成，从而完成了本发明。
发明的效果
利用本发明的口腔用组合物，可以阻碍龋齿病原菌的生物膜的形成。这些口腔用组合物可以添加在饮食品、药品、洁齿剂等中，安全地用于蛀牙的预防治疗。
附图说明
图1是表示实施例1中各对照组和试样组中的CSP诱导组和CSP非诱导组的生物膜形成量的图。
图2是表示实施例1中各CSP诱导组和CSP非诱导组中的添加植物提取物后的生物膜形成量的变化比率的图。
具体实施方式
根据非专利文献1所记载的现有的研究，可知变异链球菌的群体感应(QS)由特定的微生物或基因表达控制。但是，从通过掺合在口香糖等食品及洁齿剂等口腔用组合物中来日常习惯性地进行龋齿生物膜的控制的观点考虑，在安全性及简便性方面需要解决的课题多，其中任一种的QS控制方法都尚未达到实用化。
对此本发明人进行认真研究，结果发现变异链球菌的群体感应能够由可日常安全地摄取的特定物质控制，由此实现了通过控制群体感应来阻碍龋齿生物膜的形成。
即，本发明的特征是利用含豆类提取物的口腔用组合物来阻碍与群体感应有关联的蛀牙生物膜的形成。
利用本发明的口腔用组合物，可以阻碍依赖CSP的变异链球菌的生物膜形成，因此病原性细菌不会附着在口腔内。因此，无需刷或刮等机械性的方法也能够抑制生物膜。
此外，也不会产生如现有的使用抗菌剂、酶抑制剂或抗生素等的龋齿抑制法那样的由于口腔生物膜的菌体外多糖妨碍抗菌剂、酶抑制剂、抗生素等的渗透，而难以出现预期的龋齿抑制效果之类的问题。
还有，由于不使用抗菌剂、酶抑制剂、抗生素等也能够抑制龋齿，因此可减小出现相对于抗菌物质或抗生素的耐性菌的可能性。
对本发明中使用的豆类的种类没有特别限定，较好是使用从选自豇豆、红豆、紫花芸豆、白花芸豆、黑豆、金时豆的至少1种以上的豆类提取得到的提取物。
对于获得作为本发明的有效成分的豆类的提取物的方法没有特别限定，可以用合适的粉碎方法将上述豆类的种子或果实(豆)粉碎，再通过溶剂提取等方法来制备提取物。作为提取溶剂，可使用水以及甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇等低级醇、乙醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甘油、丙二醇等有机溶剂中的1种或将2种以上混合使用，优选使用热水或亲水性的有机溶剂。此外，如果考虑到本发明的提取物多用于饮食品，作为提取溶剂，从安全性方面来看优选使用水和乙醇的组合。较好是用90％以下的乙醇提取，更好是用60％以下的乙醇提取，进一步更好是用30％以下的乙醇提取，最好是用热水提取。
作为提取条件，可以在高温、室温、低温中的任一种温度下进行提取，较好是在50～90℃提取1～5小时左右。所得提取物可以在过滤并馏去提取溶剂后，在减压下浓缩或冷冻干燥。此外，也可以将这些提取物用有机溶剂、柱色谱法等分离纯化后使用。
此外，由于本发明的口腔用组合物安全性高，所以可以掺入如下的饮食品中以在日常生活中使用：例如，漱口剂、牙膏、除臭喷雾剂等口腔用组合物，或口香糖、糖果、压片糖、软糖、巧克力、饼干、零食等点心，冰淇淋、雪糕、冰点心等冷饮，饮料，面包，烤饼，乳制品，火腿、香肠等畜肉制品类，鱼糕、圆筒状鱼糕等鱼肉制品，副食品类，布丁，汤以及果酱等。
其掺合量可根据各种制造条件而改变，相对于口腔用组合物，较好是掺合0.01重量％以上且2.0重量％以下的豆类提取物，更好是掺合0.01重量％以上且1.0重量％以下的豆类提取物。
由于本发明使用一直以来作为食用的物质的提取物，因此即使摄取到口腔内或体内时其安全性也没有问题。此外，也可以通过使口香糖等食品或洁齿剂等含有上述提取物而容易地摄取，由于不需要基因表达调控这样的复杂的步骤，因此能够在日常生活中持续进行生物膜的控制。
实施例
以下利用实施例对本发明进行说明，但这些实施例不对本发明的范围造成任何限定。
[实施例1]
1.制备提取物
作为植物试样，使用豇豆、红豆(大纳言)、红豆(襟裳红豆)、紫花芸豆、白花芸豆、黑豆、金时豆这7种。
各植物试样作为市售品购得，将20g试样用粉碎机细细地粉碎后，用200ml水于70℃提取2小时。所得的提取液在3000rpm下离心分离10分钟，过滤上清液后，将冷冻干燥后的试样作为各植物的热水提取物供于试验。
2.生物膜形成的抑制活性评价
2-1.生物膜形成
对变异链球菌UA159株用5ml的脑心浸液(Brain Heart Infusion:BHI)液体培养基于37℃进行10小时的厌氧培养，在3000rpm下进行10分钟的离心分离，用磷酸缓冲生理盐水(PBS)将收集的细菌制备成OD550nm=0.5，将其作为供试菌悬浊液。
生物膜形成通过使用96孔微型板来进行试验。在各孔中添加植物的热水提取物60μl、CSP20μl、变异链球菌供试菌悬浊液20μl、添加有0.1％蔗糖的托德－休伊特肉汤(Todd Hewitt Broth)100μl，在37℃、5％CO2的条件下进行16小时的培养，形成CSP诱导组的生物膜。CSP的浓度以终浓度计为1μM，各试样的热水提取物的浓度以终浓度计为1mg/ml。
为了便于比较，在不添加CSP且除此以外与上述相同的条件下进行培养，形成CSP非诱导组的生物膜。
还有，作为对照，对于各CSP诱导组及CSP非诱导组，在不添加试样的热水提取物且除此以外与上述相同的条件下进行培养。
2-2.生物膜定量
对于各CPS诱导组和CSP非诱导组，除去培养后的上清液，用PBS对各孔进行2次清洗。清洗后，向各孔中添加0.25％番红溶液，静置15分钟后，除去过量的番红溶液，用PBS对各孔进行2次清洗。清洗后向各孔中添加乙醇，通过振荡30分钟使染色的番红溶出，使用酶标仪测定492nm的吸光度，对生物膜形成量进行定量。
其结果示于图1及图2。
图1表示对于各CSP诱导组和CSP非诱导组在加入植物提取物进行培养后的组(试样组)和对照组中的生物膜形成量。此外，图2表示对于各CSP诱导组和CSP非诱导组，将对照组的生物膜形成量记作100时的试样组的生物膜形成量的比率。
由图1可知，对照组中，CSP诱导组与CSP非诱导组相比生物膜形成量增加。可认为该增加量是由将CSP作为自诱导物的群体感应引起的生物膜的增加量。
此外，试样组中，CSP诱导组(黑柱)的生物膜形成量与对照组相比较少，但CSP非诱导组(白柱)的生物膜形成量与对照组相比没有变化。该情况从图2也可看出，CSP诱导组(黑柱)中试样组的生物膜形成量与对照组相比较少(不足100％)，但CSP非诱导组(白柱)中试样组的生物膜形成量与对照组相比没有变化(约100％)。根据上述情况，可认为将CSP作为自诱导物的变异链球菌的群体感应受到了试样组中添加的植物提取物的控制，从而生物膜的形成量没有增加。
此外，图1中，在CSP诱导组中添加大纳言红豆、襟裳红豆、紫花芸豆、金时豆的热水提取物来进行培养的情况下(试样组的CSP+)，与既没有添加CSP也没有添加植物提取物的组(对照组的CSP-)相比生物膜形成量减少了。
还有，使用实施例1中制备的红豆提取物，并使用常规方法制备了口香糖、糖果、牙膏。以下示出其配方。另外，这些示例不代表对本发明的范围有任何限制。
[实施例2]
按照以下配方制备口香糖。
[实施例3]
按照以下配方制备糖果。
[实施例4]
按照以下配方制备牙膏。
本申请要求基于2010年9月21日提出申请的日本专利申请号2010-211023的优先权，引用其内容作为本申请的一部分。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于抑制生物膜形成的口腔用组合物，其特征在于，其中掺合控制由感受态刺激肽调控的变异链球菌的群体感应的物质。
2.如权利要求1所示的用于抑制生物膜形成的口腔用组合物，其特征在于，控制群体感应的物质是豆类的提取物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用于抑制生物膜形成的口腔用组合物，其特征在于，豆类提取物是选自红豆、豇豆、白花芸豆、紫花芸豆、黑豆、金时豆的至少1种以上的豆类的提取物。
4.如权利要求1～3中任一项所述的用于抑制生物膜形成的口腔用组合物，其特征在于，豆类提取物是选自大纳言红豆、襟裳红豆、紫花芸豆、金时豆的至少1种以上的豆类的提取物。
5.如权利要求1～4中任一项所述的用于抑制生物膜形成的口腔用组合物，其特征在于，其中没有掺合抗菌剂、酶抑制剂及抗生素。
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| PCT/JP2011/005002 WO2012039101A1 (ja) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-07 | 口腔用組成物 |
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| JP6016343B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-08 | 2016-10-26 | 株式会社ロッテ | 口腔用組成物 |
| JP2013245164A (ja) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-12-09 | Kao Corp | オートインデューサー−２阻害剤 |
| CN103535500B (zh) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-08-31 | 深圳职业技术学院 | 一种保健口香糖及其制备方法 |
| JP2015166334A (ja) * | 2014-02-13 | 2015-09-24 | 株式会社ロッテ | 口腔用組成物 |
| KR101951024B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-24 | 2019-02-21 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | D-갈락토오스를 포함하는 쿼럼센싱 저해제 |
| CN104622873B (zh) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-08-24 | 四川大学 | 一种喹喔啉亚胺类化合物作为变异链球菌生物膜抑制剂的制备方法及应用 |
| KR101656875B1 (ko) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-09-12 | 건국대학교 산학협력단 | 단풍나무 추출물, 당단풍나무 추출물 및 박태기나무 추출물을 이용한 그람음성세균 억제용 정족수 감지 억제제 |
| JP6293177B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-08 | 2018-03-14 | 株式会社ロッテ | 口腔用組成物 |
| GB201607518D0 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-06-15 | Andalay Technologies Ltd | Mouthwash composition |
| CN112971137A (zh) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-18 | 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 | 一种黑芸豆提取物的提取方法 |
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| JP2012067018A (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
| KR102015237B1 (ko) | 2019-08-27 |
| KR20180057739A (ko) | 2018-05-30 |
| US20130189202A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
| EP2620160A4 (en) | 2014-05-07 |
| KR20130106837A (ko) | 2013-09-30 |
| JP5906011B2 (ja) | 2016-04-20 |
| TW201225962A (en) | 2012-07-01 |
| BR112013006654A2 (pt) | 2016-06-07 |
| WO2012039101A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
| EP2620160A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
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