CN103119142A - 用于润滑剂的非芳族系抗氧化剂 - Google Patents

用于润滑剂的非芳族系抗氧化剂 Download PDF

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CN103119142A
CN103119142A CN2011800460264A CN201180046026A CN103119142A CN 103119142 A CN103119142 A CN 103119142A CN 2011800460264 A CN2011800460264 A CN 2011800460264A CN 201180046026 A CN201180046026 A CN 201180046026A CN 103119142 A CN103119142 A CN 103119142A
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base oil
cycloaliphatic amine
lubricant compositions
amine alcoxylates
combination
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CN103119142B (zh
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M·R·格雷韦斯
E·A·佐格-胡泽曼斯
T·莫利
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Abstract

一种润滑剂组合物,其包含环脂族胺烷氧基化物和基础油,所述基础油选自(a)聚亚烷基二醇;(b)聚α烯烃;(c)环烷化合物;和(d)其组合;条件是所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物和所述基础油是可混溶的。所述润滑剂在120℃的干燥空气中13天之后,可以表现出40℃时的粘度改变小于百分(%)之5,表明在极少或没有芳族含量下显著的热氧化稳定性,从而能够使用II和III类基础油,特别是与I类基础油润滑剂比较,没有降低毒性和/或品质的顾虑。

Description

用于润滑剂的非芳族系抗氧化剂
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年9月24日提交的序列号为61/386,149的美国临时申请的优先权,所述申请以其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及润滑剂组合物,更具体地说,涉及增加这种组合物的抗氧化降解性的方法和手段。本发明的润滑剂组合物作为液压油、齿轮油和压缩机油、特别是在芳族化合物由于毒性而受到顾虑的情况下可能特别有用。
2.背景技术
近年来,润滑剂工业增加了溶剂精制的和加氢处理的烃基础油的应用。这是因为传统的烃,即已经用了数十年的矿物油(被美国石油学会(American Petroleum Institute,API)分类为I类基础油),通常包含高芳族含量,通常在20重量%(wt%)左右。高芳族含量倾向于通过降低基础油的粘度指数而降低其品质,并还可能存在毒性问题,使得这些油不期望用于某些应用。
鉴于芳族含量的潜在问题,润滑剂工业目前趋向于更多地应用II和III类基础油,它们是通过加氢处理方法实现了芳族含量显著降低的基础油。这些基础油一般含有少于10wt%的芳族化合物和少于百万分之(ppm)300的硫。通过对II和III类基础油进行后处理加工,然后甚至还可以将该水平降低到约1wt%的芳族化合物和几乎检测不出量的硫和氮。这样的方法可以包括加氢裂化和异构脱蜡。在接下来十年的过程期间,预计II和III类油的应用将随着工业转向这些更高品质的基础油的而迅速增长。
令人遗憾的是,大多数润滑剂应用需要一定最低水平的抗氧化降解性。为了达到所期望的水平,可以使用抗氧化添加剂,和/或可以在组合物中包含含有天然存在的抗氧化剂的补充油。在大多数情况下,由于性能、成本、方便性或其组合的原因,基于芳族结构例如芳胺和/或芳族酚类衍生物的抗氧化剂,是优选的。然而,向II或III类基础油添加芳胺,至少在某种程度上首先损害了选择II或III类基础油代替I类基础油所获得的益处。
由于达到适当的抗氧化降解性与避免或降低芳族含量之间频繁的冲突,润滑剂领域的研究人员继续寻找新的润滑剂添加剂和/或制剂,其在不增加芳族含量下提供热氧化稳定性。
发明概述
在一个方面,本发明提供了包含环脂族胺烷氧基化物和基础油的润滑剂组合物,所述基础油选自(a)聚亚烷基二醇;(b)聚α烯烃;(c)环烷化合物;和(d)其组合;条件是所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物和所述基础油是可混溶的。在各种实施方式中,基础油可以是I、II或III类基础油。所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物可以通过在适合形成环脂族胺烷氧基化物的条件下,将引发剂与烷氧化物反应而制备;所述引发剂选自对应于式I或II的氨基环己烷烷基胺、对应于式III的环己二胺或其非对映形式、对应于式IV的亚甲基双(环己胺)、对应于式V或VI的1,3-或1,4-二(氨基-甲基)环己烷、或其组合;所述烷氧化物选自氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯、及其组合。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了制造润滑剂组合物的方法,所述方法包括在使得环脂族胺烷氧基化物与基础油可混溶的条件下,将至少一种环脂族胺烷氧基化物与选自(a)聚亚烷基二醇、(b)聚α烯烃、(c)环烷化合物和(d)其组合的基础油合并,以形成润滑剂组合物。在优选实施方式中,所述润滑剂组合物在120℃的干燥空气中13天之后,按照ASTM国际试验法ASTM D7042在40℃下进行粘度试验,表现出粘度改变小于百分之5(%)。
实施方式的详述
本发明使得能够设计和制备提供期望的和/或可接受水平的热氧化稳定性的润滑剂制剂,用于多种多样的应用。所述制剂还可以具有进一步的优点,即包含II类或III类化合物作为它们的基础油,与包含常规芳族系抗氧化剂的许多I类基础油的芳族含量相比,所述化合物已经降低或消除了芳族含量。
本发明制剂中的抗氧化剂组分,以下成为“抗氧化添加剂”,是至少一种环脂族胺烷氧基化物、或环脂族胺烷氧基化物的混合物。它们可以通过对各种可能的引发剂化合物的任一种或多种进行烷氧基化而制备。例如,一类合适的引发剂是氨基环己烷烷基胺化合物。在这些当中包括对应于式I的化合物:
Figure BPA00001696930500031
其中R1是C1-C4烷基,并且其中每个R独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基,并且m是1至8的整数。式I中的每个R基团优选独立地是氢或甲基,并且R1优选是甲基。在式I中,-(CR2)m-NH2基团可以在与环己烷环直接键合的氨基的邻位、间位或对位。-NH2和-(CR2)m-NH2基团可以相对于彼此处于顺式或反式位置,并且环己烷碳原子除了所显示的-NH2、-R1和-(CR2)m-NH2基团之外,可以包含惰性取代基。对应于式I的优选引发剂化合物包括环己烷甲胺或1,8-二氨基-对薄荷烷;及其组合。
第二种类型的氨基环己烷烷基胺引发剂对应于式II:
Figure BPA00001696930500041
其中R、R1和m如对式I的定义。如式I中,每个R基优选独立地是氢或甲基,R1优选是甲基,并且-(CR2)m-NH2基团可以在与环己烷环直接键合的氨基的邻位、间位或对位。-NH2和-(CR2)m-NH2基团可以相对于彼此处于顺式或反式位置,并且环己烷碳原子除了所显示的-NH2、-R1和-(CR2)m-NH2基团之外,还可以包含惰性取代基。对应于式II的尤其优选的引发剂化合物是5-氨基-1,3,3-三甲基环己烷甲胺。这类氨基环己烷烷基胺的制备描述于例如WO 2008/094239中,所述文献以其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
引发剂还可以包括环己二胺,例如在例如WO 2008/094963中公开的那些,所述文献以其全部内容通过引用并入本文。其中包括例如1,2-、1,3-和1,4-环己二胺;2-和4-甲基-环己烷-1,3-二胺;其非对映异构形式;及其组合。1,2-环己二胺可以由式III表示:
Figure BPA00001696930500042
其中每个R独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基;并且每个R优选是氢或甲基。这种引发剂的实例是1,2-环己二胺,可作为DYTEKTM DCH商购自InvistaTM;和1,4-环己二胺,可作为1,4-DCH商购自E.I.duPont deNemours,Inc。
可用于本发明制备环脂族胺烷氧基化物的另一种引发剂是亚甲基双(环己胺)。亚甲基双(环己胺)引发剂化合物是含有被两个环己基取代的亚甲基的化合物。环己基自身可以是未取代的或惰性取代的。所述亚甲基双(环己胺)引发剂化合物可以由式IV表示:
其中每个R2是氢或惰性取代基。NH2基团可以处于2、3或4位。两个NH2基团可以相对于中央亚甲基的位置不对称。优选的异构体是2,2’-、4,4’-和2,4’-异构体。每个R2优选是氢,但是任何一个或多个所述R2基团可以是惰性取代基。“惰性”取代基是在烷氧基化条件(如下文所描述)下与烯化氧没有反应性的取代基。在非限制性的实施例中,惰性取代基可以包括烃基,例如烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基、芳基取代的烷基、和环烷基;醚基;和叔氨基。优选可以存在的任何取代基是C1-C4烷基。其中包括甲基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、和异丁基,更优选甲基。如果存在惰性取代基团的话,优选每个环己烷环不超过一个这样的基团。最优选地,所有的R基团是氢,并且所述化合物是未取代的。这种引发剂的一个实例是4,4’-亚甲基双(2-甲基环己胺),可作为LAROMINTMC 260商购自BASF。
还适合作为环脂族胺烷氧基化物的引发剂化合物是由以下式V或式VI的任何一个表示的1,3-或1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷:
Figure BPA00001696930500052
其中每个R2如前面所定义。这样的引发剂的实例是1,3-二(氨基-甲基)环己烷,可作为1,3-BAC商购自例如Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co.,Inc.。
所选定的引发剂的烷氧基化可以利用本领域技术人员已知的可以引起期望的缩合的任何方法或手段来进行。通常,氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯或其组合作为烷氧基化剂是优选的,但是也可以采用氧化乙烯、氧化戊烯、和它们之一或二者与氧化丙烯和/或氧化丁烯的组合。烷氧基化条件适合地可以为60摄氏度(℃)至200℃,优选100℃至150℃的温度;大约1个标准大气压(atm)至5atm(~101kPa至~505kPa)的压力;和1小时(h)至12h,优选4h至8h的时间。可以使用适当的酸或碱烷氧基化催化剂,用或者不用助催化剂,来促进反应。参见,例如,美国专利5844115,其以其全部内容通过引用并入本文。这些对本领域技术人员而言是公知的,无需进一步介绍。所期望的烷氧基化可以以分批、半分批或者连续操作方便地进行。
在具体的实施方式中,所生成的环脂族胺烷氧基化物可以方便地选自环脂族二胺丙氧基化物和丁氧基化物,其中烷氧基化物与环脂族二胺的摩尔比为2∶1到20∶1,优选为3∶1到20∶1,更优选为5∶1到20∶1,最优选为5∶1到10∶1。合适的实例可以包括但不限于,1,2-环己二胺丙氧基化物,其具有每摩尔1,2-环己二胺5至10摩尔的氧化丙烯含量;1,2-环己二胺丁氧基化物,其具有每摩尔1,2-环己二胺5至10摩尔的氧化丁烯含量;及其组合。
有用的基础油可以选自多种聚亚烷基二醇、聚α烯烃、环烷化合物、及其组合。在选择聚亚烷基二醇的情况下,可以选择的聚亚烷基二醇要使得它可以与所述抗氧化添加剂混溶,并优选在40℃下具有15至100厘沱(cSt)的运动粘度。在某些具体的实施方式中,聚亚烷基二醇是在一醇、二醇或高级醇上引发的聚丙氧基化物(100%氧化丙烯);在一醇、二醇或高级醇上引发的聚丁氧基化物(100%氧化丁烯);氧化丙烯和氧化丁烯的无规或嵌段共聚物;氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯的无规共聚物。实例可以包括SYNALOXTM 100-20B、100-30B、100-40B或100-50B,它们可得自The Dow Chemical Company。替代选择包括UCONTM LB-135、LB-165或LB-285,它们也可得自The Dow Chemical Company。所有这些产品都基于一醇引发剂(例如丁醇),所述一醇引发剂已经利用氧化丙烯丙氧基化,使得所述基础油含有100个氧化丙烯单体单元。一般而言,可能期望避免比较吸湿性的聚合物。
在某些实施方式中,可以选择聚α烯烃作为基础油。聚烯烃通常从C8至C14烯烃制备,并且结果一般是二聚体、三聚体、四聚体、五聚体等的组合。所述聚α烯烃可以选自100℃时运动粘度小于15cSt(0.000015m2/秒)、40℃时运动粘度小于100cSt(0.0001m2/秒)、粘度指数大于120和倾点低于-10℃的任何聚α烯烃。运动粘度按照ASTM国际(ASTM)试验法D-445测量,倾点按照ASTM D-97测量。在某些理想的实施方式中,所选择的聚α烯烃具有低于-60℃的倾点。实例可以包括异链烷烃合成NEXBASETM 2004聚α烯烃,可得自比利时的Neste OilN.V.;SYNFLUIDTM PAO-4,可得自Chevron Phillips;和DURASYNTM164,可得自Ineos Group Limited。SYNFLUIDTM PAO-4在100℃时的运动粘度为4cSt,并且倾点为-69℃。DURASYNTM 164在100℃时的运动粘度为2cSt,并且倾点低于-55℃。
也可以选择环烷油作为基础油。环烷油在本文中定义为其中环烃(即环烷烃,或者标记为环烷)占其至少40重量%的任何油。因此,它含有的链烷烃,即正烷烃,如果有的话,最多60重量%。作为一般规则,环烷油的倾点比链烷烃油低,并还提供了通常降解成可溶于所述油中的产物的优点,这导致与形成淤渣和沉积相关的问题较少。环烷烃只由碳(C)和氢(H)原子组成,并且因为没有C-C重键可被氢化(加成更多的氢),所以是饱和的。在此环烷烃的化学通式是CnH2(n+1-g),其中n=分子中的C原子数量,g=环数量。
环烷油最方便地可以从石油得到。例如,矿物油是蒸馏石油以从原油中产生气油及其他石油基产品的液体副产物,它可以被精炼以将环烷馏份与链烷烃和芳族馏分分开。单环环烷烃的命名类似于它们的相同碳数的正烷烃对应物:环丙烷,环丁烷,环戊烷,环己烷,等。大于20个碳原子的较大环烷烃通常被称为环烷(cycloparaffin)。环烷烃被分类为小、普通、中和大环烷烃,其中环丙烷和环丁烷构成“小”类别;环戊烷、环己烷、环庚烷被归类为“普通”类别的成员;环辛烷至环十三烷被归类为“中”类别;所有其他环烷烃归类为“大”类别的成员。在某些实施方式中,期望使用分类为“普通”的环烷油,即具有5-7个碳原子,而在其他实施方式中,可以优选“中”类别环烷烃,即具有8-13个碳原子。
以上类型油的一部分或全部的组合也可以用作本发明组合物中使
用的基础油。也可以包含其他的油,只要它们不占总基础油的超过50重量%(wt%)。这样的其他油可以选自聚硫醚-多元醇、聚酯-酰胺、含羟基的聚缩醛和含羟基的脂族聚碳酸酯,并优选聚酯-多元醇和聚醚-多元醇。其他选择可以包括上述与羟基数少于100的其他多羟基化合物的组合。然而,重要的是,用作抗氧化添加剂的环脂族胺烷氧基化物可与基础油充分地混溶,因此它必须可与基础油的任何选定组合混溶。在本文中使用时,术语“可混溶的”被定义为在以每分钟100转(rpm)至200rpm的剪切速率混合10至20分钟(min)、然后在环境温度和大气压力下静置至少24h的时间段之后,基于目测呈现出单一相。
为了说明本发明中理想的混溶性,举例来说,可以将475g UCONTMOSP-46添加到1升(1-L)PYREXTM烧杯中并可以向其中加入25gCHDA-10PO。然后将混合物加热到40℃,并以100rpm搅拌10min,直到混合物澄清和均匀。然后让所述产物冷却到环境温度(25℃),并在24h后目测检查。此时,产物显现出是澄清的均匀溶液。如上文所合并的UCONTM与CHDA-10PO的组合,按照该术语在本文中的用法,被认为是“可混溶的”。
润滑剂组合物中环脂族胺烷氧基化物的量可以变化,但是在某些具体实施方式中,它理想地为百万分(ppm)之100直至5wt%。更特别地,它可以为1wt%到5wt%。在某些特别优选的实施方式中,它可以为1wt%到3wt%。
本发明的组合物可以包含其他组分,例如为了调节组合物以适应最终应用的可能合乎需要的组分。例如,润滑剂调和组合物除了在上文指定的基础油选择之外,还可以包含一种或多种常规的润滑剂添加剂。这样的添加剂可以包括消泡剂例如聚甲基硅氧烷;破乳剂;其他抗氧化剂例如酚类抗氧化剂、受阻酚类抗氧化剂、其他的硫化烯烃、仲胺抗氧化剂、硫化酚类抗氧化剂、油溶性铜化合物、及其混合物;铜腐蚀抑制剂;防锈剂;倾点下降剂;去污剂;染料;金属钝化剂;补充的摩擦调节剂;稀释剂;其组合;等。常规的润滑剂添加剂,如果存在的话,典型范围为每百万重量份(ppm)润滑剂组合物100重量份,直至基于总润滑剂组合物重量的5wt%。例如,为了减少润滑剂组合物与它所接触的任何金属之间的任何降解性相互作用,可以添加腐蚀抑制剂,其量基于总组合物重量,优选为0.05-3wt%、更优选为0.1-0.25wt%。
本发明的组合物可以利用本领域技术人员已知或设想的任何手段和/或方法进行制备,条件是所述组合总体上确保组分的均质性,特别是基础油与环脂族胺烷氧基化物的均质性。所述组合物可以用分批、半分批或连续的方式,优选在能够发挥施加充分的剪切以使组合物均匀、从而确保单一相的混合容器中制备。温度理想地在20℃到60℃,更优选在30℃到50℃的范围内,压力可以适宜地为大气压或接近大气压(1atm,大约101kPa)。
对于许多应用而言,期望最终的润滑剂组合物在混合完成之后根据ASTM D7042立即表现出在40℃时的运动粘度为10到1000cSt,优选为20到400cSt,并最优选为30到100cSt。这些粘度范围可用于广泛的应用,包括,例如传动液、液压油、压缩机液、齿轮油等。
本发明组合物的具体优点是,可以将它们配制成在120℃下13天之后,利用ASTM D2893B方法(所述方法包括通过干燥剂进行干燥、流速为10L/h的空气),所述组合物表现出小于5%的粘度改变。这种最小的粘度改变表明与不包含抗氧化剂的基础油或实际上也包含抗氧化剂的一些基础油比较,热氧化稳定性改善。例如,当利用聚α烯烃基础油、例如不含抗氧化剂的NEXBASETM 2004进行该测试时,观察到粘度改变为174%(参见表2),这根据如下文实施例中所述的改良ASTMD-2893B测试方案,构成“不合格”评级。其他基础油,例如植物油,在包含酚类抗氧化剂时,通常也得到“不合格”评级。例如,含有1wt%IRGANOXTM L101的低芥酸菜子油显示出粘度增加了408%。相反,本发明的组合物在相同的温度、时间和湿度条件下可以表现出小于5%的粘度改变,因此在相同的测试方案下它们赢得“合格”评级。因此,本发明的组合物可以在比较极端的条件下使用比较长的时间段,从而潜在地减少与停工时间、更换润滑剂、设备维修等有关的成本。
实施例
在实施例和比较例中使用并且商业获得的材料包括:
●TOTALTM 150 S.N.(溶剂中性):I类链烷烃溶剂中性基础油,可得自Total Corporation,40℃时的典型运动粘度为30平方毫米/秒(mm2/sec)。
●SYNALOXTM 100-30B:丁醇引发的丙氧基化物,40℃时的典型运动粘度为46mm2/sec,可得自The Dow Chemical Company。
●NYNASTM T22:来自Nynas Corporation的环烷基础油,40℃时的典型运动粘度为22mm2/sec,并且15℃时的密度为0.90克/毫升(g/mL)。它的环烷含量为42wt%;芳族含量为11wt%;和链烷烃含量为47wt%。
●NEXBASETM 2004:来自Neste的聚α烯烃基础油,100℃时的典型运动粘度为4mm2/sec。
●UCONTM OSP-46:十二烷醇引发的氧化丙烯/氧化丁烯(PO/BO)(50/50重量/重量,ww),可得自The Dow Chemical Company。
●IRGANOXTM L57:芳族系胺类抗氧化剂,可得自BASF。
●IRGANOXTM L101:芳族系酚类抗氧化剂,可得自BASF。
●IRGANOXTM L109:芳族系酚类抗氧化剂,可得自BASF。
环脂族胺烷氧基化化合物的制备:
实施例和比较例中也使用了两种丙氧基化环脂族胺化合物,包括用每摩尔1,2-环己二胺5摩尔氧化丙烯(PO)丙氧基化的1,2-环己二胺,本文中称为CHDA-5PO;和用每摩尔1,2-环己二胺10摩尔PO丙氧基化的1,2-环己二胺,本文中称为CHDA-10PO。如下制备它们以及其中1,2-环己二胺用每摩尔1,2-环己二胺3摩尔PO进行丙氧基化的产物(CHDA-3PO)。
向用氮吹扫的反应器中添加一定量1,2-环己二胺(4,000克(g),35.1摩尔(mol))。在进料PO(6,105g,105mol)之前,将反应容器加热到125℃。一旦完成所述进料步骤,让反应消化120分钟(min)的时间,该时间点之后取样品(命名为CHDA-3PO)用于分析。
然后添加氢氧化钾溶液(KOH,22.2g,45wt%)并真空除去多余水。将反应器温度增加到125℃并装载PO(3,990g,69mol),然后让其消化240min的时间。取另一种产物样品(7,000g)(命名为CHDA-5PO)并通过添加乙酸溶液(70wt%)中和,分离出的生成产物为透明、略黄、高度粘性的液体(羟值,OH#是502毫克KOH/克产物,mg KOH/g),50℃时粘度为13,200毫帕斯卡·秒(mPa·s)。
向反应器中剩余的产物中完成进一步添加PO(4,949g,85.2mol),并让其在125℃下消化60min的时间。该时间之后,添加乙酸溶液(70wt%),分离出的生成产物为透明、略黄的粘性液体(OH#是313mgKOH/g,50℃时粘度是675mPa·s)。取最终样品,并命名为CHDA-10PO。下表1显示了通过质子核磁共振(1H NMR)测试进行分析的三种样品的特征。
表1.非芳族环脂族胺烷氧基化物的性质
样品CHDA+x PO 3P O 5PO 10PO
官能度OH摩尔数 2.7 3.6 3.7
添加的总PO 2.8 5 10
NH摩尔数 1.3 0.4 0.3
作为链PO的PO摩尔数 0.1 1.5 6.3
作为端PO的PO摩尔数 2.7 3.6 3.7
热氧化稳定性试验:
试验按照改良形式的ASTM D-2893B试验法进行。如下述施行,将装在硼硅玻璃管中的300mL的每种样品在干燥空气中加热到120℃达312h(13天)。样品在40℃的运动粘度(KV 40)按照ASTM D7042的方法测量。在改良ASTM D-2893试验下,如果样品在13天之后表现出小于5%的粘度改变,则给予组合物“合格”评级。
实施例1-7和比较例A-K
制剂制备:
表2显示了制备和评价制剂的组成。显示的所有百分比都按重量计。在装有提供充分混合的电动搅拌器的1升(L)玻璃烧杯中,制备总共500g的每个制剂。如下制备含有超过一种组分的制剂:首先将占最大量的组分、即使用的重量百分比最高的组分装入烧杯,然后向其添加其他组分。在环境温度下进行搅拌,直到所述制剂澄清并均匀;确定是非均匀的组合物在表2中指出,但是没有评价热氧化稳定性。将含有IRGANOXTML101和L109的制剂加热到60℃,直到所述组合物澄清和均匀,然后冷却到环境温度。
在表2中,直馏基础油(virgin base oil)被标为“参比”产品。含有基础油和芳族抗氧化剂的产品(商品名为IRGANOXTM)被标为比较例。含有环脂族胺烷氧基化物并满足给予“合格”评级的标准的产品被标为实施例。含有环脂族胺烷氧基化物并得到“不合格”评级的产品被标为比较例。组合物中包括指定为1wt%和5wt%浓度的环脂族胺烷氧基化物CHDA-5PO和CHDA-10PO。
表2.润滑剂组合物的氧化性能
Figure BPA00001696930500121
Figure BPA00001696930500131
Figure BPA00001696930500141
注释A)单独的直镏基础油和含有胺烷氧基化物添加剂的基础油都通过本试验。胺烷氧基化物添加剂的效果难以测量,因为这种类型的基础油是I类基础油,它含有提供抑制效果的天然存在的抗氧化剂。
比较例L-Q
利用1wt%和5wt%的量的如WO 00/23648所述的胺引发的聚亚烷基二醇,掺入与实施例1-7和比较例A-K中所使用的相同选择的基础油中,准备溶解度研究。结果显示在表3中。这些比较例L-Q说明了这些I类和IV类基础油与胺引发的聚亚烷基二醇的组合,产生不溶的产物,使得进一步的试验无意义。
表3.WO 00/23648中所述胺引发的PAG实例的溶解度研究

Claims (9)

1.润滑剂组合物,其包含环脂族胺烷氧基化物和基础油,所述基础油选自(a)聚亚烷基二醇;(b)聚α烯烃;(c)环烷化合物;和(d)其组合;条件是所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物和所述基础油是可混溶的。
2.权利要求1的润滑剂组合物,其中所述润滑剂组合物在120℃的干燥空气中13天之后,按照ASTM D7042在40℃下进行粘度试验,表现出小于百分之5(%)的粘度改变。
3.权利要求1-2任一项的润滑剂组合物,其中所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物选自1,2-环己烷二胺丙氧基化物,其具有每摩尔1,2-环己烷二胺5至10摩尔氧化丙烯含量;1,2-环己烷二胺丁氧基化物,其具有每摩尔1,2-环己烷二胺5至10摩尔氧化丁烯含量;及其组合。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的润滑剂组合物,其中所述基础油按照美国石油学会分类是II或III类基础油。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的润滑剂组合物,其中所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物的存在量在百万分之100至5重量%。
6.制备润滑剂组合物的方法,所述方法包括将至少一种环脂族胺烷氧基化物与选自(a)聚亚烷基二醇、(b)聚α烯烃、(c)环烷化合物和(d)其组合的基础油,在使得所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物与基础油可混溶的条件下合并,以形成润滑剂组合物。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物在适合形成环脂族胺烷氧基化物的条件下,将引发剂与烷氧化物反应而制备;所述引发剂选自对应于式I或II的氨基环己烷烷基胺、对应于式III的环己二胺或其非对映形式、对应于式IV的亚甲基双(环己胺)、对应于式V或VI的1,3-或1,4-二(氨基-甲基)环己烷、或其组合;所述烷氧化物选自氧化丙烯、氧化丁烯、及其组合。
8.权利要求6-7任一项的方法,其中所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物在所述润滑剂组合物中的存在量为百万分之100至5重量%。
9.权利要求6-8任一项的方法,其中所述环脂族胺烷氧基化物在所述润滑剂组合物中的存在量为1重量%至5重量%。
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