CN103080231B - 耐盐聚酰胺组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了热塑性组合物,所述组合物包含:a)20至35重量%的聚(癸二酰癸二胺),b)50至65重量%的聚(癸二酰己二胺),c)8至15重量%的磺酰胺增塑剂,其中所述磺酰胺增塑剂是选自以下的一种或多种磺酰胺:N-丁基苯磺酰胺、N-(2-羟丙基)苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-邻甲苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-对甲苯磺酰胺、邻甲苯磺酰胺和对甲苯磺酰胺(p-toluenesulfonamideone)。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及具有改善的耐盐性的聚酰胺组合物和模塑与挤塑的热塑性制品。
发明背景
聚合材料,包括热塑性和热固性聚合材料,被广泛用于机动车辆中以及用于其它用途。它们轻便并且比较易于塑造成复杂的部件,因此在许多情形下优选替代金属。然而,某些聚合物具有的问题是盐应力(诱导)腐蚀开裂(SSCC),其中当处于应力下并且接触无机盐时,应力下的部件经历加速的腐蚀。这通常造成部件开裂和过早老化。
聚酰胺如聚酰胺6,6、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6,10和聚酰胺6,12已被制成并且用作机动车部件和其它类型的部件。虽然已经报导,聚酰胺6,10和6,12对SSCC更具抵抗性(参见例如日本专利3271325B2),但是所有这些聚酰胺在此类应用中都易于SSCC,这是因为机动车的各个部分以及它们的组件有时接触盐,例如在较寒冷气候中用于融化雪和冰的盐,如氯化钠或氯化钙。与水和道路防结冰用盐接触的金属部件如由钢和各种基于铁的合金制成的配件和机架组件的腐蚀也会导致盐的形成。这些盐继而可侵蚀聚酰胺部件,使得它们易于SSCC。因此,期望对SSCC具有更好抵抗性的聚酰胺组合物。
美国专利4,076,664公开了对氯化锌具有有利抵抗性的三元聚酰胺树脂。
增塑的长链聚酰胺在机动车管材市场扮演着重要角色。长链聚酰胺(即来源于具有至少10个碳原子的至少一种单体单元的聚酰胺,所述碳原子以线型排列相连接)已知具有良好的耐盐性。耐盐性在大量机动车部件中是必不可少的特质,这是由于部件暴露于冬季的盐渍条件所致。增塑的缺点在于其降低了长链聚酰胺(诸如PA1010、PA12、PA11)的耐盐性。
US7,750,110B2公开了柔性半结晶聚酰胺,其可用于与聚酰胺共混物和增塑剂一起,由挤塑成形或注塑成形制造零部件。
本发明的目的在于改善磺酰胺增塑的长链尼龙的耐盐性。
发明内容
公开了热塑性组合物,其基本上由以下组成:
a)20至35重量%的聚(癸二酰癸二胺),
b)50至65重量%的聚(癸二酰己二胺),和
c)8至15重量%的磺酰胺增塑剂,
其中所述磺酰胺增塑剂是选自以下的一种或多种磺酰胺:N-丁基苯磺酰胺、N-(2-羟丙基)苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-邻甲苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-对甲苯磺酰胺、邻甲苯磺酰胺和对甲苯磺酰胺。
发明详述
聚(癸二酰癸二胺)(PA1010)和聚(癸二酰己二胺)(PA610)在所述热塑性组合物中是有用的。PA1010是来源于十亚甲基二胺与癸二酸的聚合反应的均聚物。PA610是来源于六亚甲基二胺与癸二酸的聚合反应的均聚物。PA1010和PA610中还可存在其它脂肪族二羧酸和脂肪族二胺,但其只能在不影响所述树脂耐盐性的范围内存在。例如,在一个实施方案中,其它脂肪族二羧酸和脂肪族二胺可以是约0.1至3重量%(基于二胺和/或二羧酸的总摩尔百分比)。其它二羧酸单元包括癸二酸(C10)、十二烷二酸(C12)和十四烷二酸(C14)。其它脂肪族二胺包括十亚甲基二胺和十二亚甲基二胺。
优选地,所述热塑性组合物基本上由25至35重量%的PA1010、50至60重量%的PA610和8至15重量%的磺酰胺增塑剂组成。另一个实施方案是基本上由25至30重量%的PA1010、55至60重量%的PA610和10至15重量%的磺酰胺增塑剂组成的热塑性组合物。
所述聚酰胺组合物包括磺酰胺增塑剂。合适的磺酰胺增塑剂包括芳香族磺酰胺,诸如苯磺酰胺和甲苯磺酰胺。合适的磺酰胺的实例包括N-烷基苯磺酰胺和甲苯磺酰胺,诸如N-丁基苯磺酰胺、N-(2-羟丙基)苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-邻甲苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-对甲苯磺酰胺、邻甲苯磺酰胺、对甲苯磺酰胺等。优选的为N-丁基苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-邻甲苯磺酰胺和N-乙基-对甲苯磺酰胺。
增塑剂可通过熔融共混聚合物和增塑剂以及任选的其他成分而引入到组合物中,或在聚合期间将其加入到组合物中。如果在聚合期间掺入增塑剂,则在聚合周期开始前将聚酰胺单体与一种或多种增塑剂共混,并且将该共混物引入聚合反应器中。作为另外一种选择,可在聚合反应周期内将增塑剂添加到反应器中。
所述增塑剂在所述组合物中的含量为约1至约20重量%,或更优选地约6至约18重量%,或还更优选地约8至约15重量%,其中重量%是按所述组合物的总重量计的。
在本发明中,聚酰胺组合物还可包含本领域常用的其他添加剂,诸如热稳定剂或抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、发泡剂、润滑剂以及着色剂和颜料。
本文的热塑性组合物是熔融制备的共混物,其中所有聚合成分均得到充分混合,而所有非聚合成分均匀分散在聚合物基质中。可使用任何熔融共混方法来混合本发明的聚合成分和非聚合成分。例如,可将聚合成分和非聚合成分加入到熔融搅拌器中,例如单螺杆挤塑机或双螺杆挤塑机、搅拌器、单螺杆捏合机或双螺杆捏合机、或班伯里密炼机,并且所述加入步骤可以是一次全部加入或以分批的方式逐步加入。当分批方式逐步加入聚合成分和非聚合成分时,可首先加入部分聚合成分和/或非聚合成分,然后将其与随后加入的剩余聚合成分和非聚合成分熔融混合,直至获得混合充分的组合物。
另一方面,本发明涉及通过成型本发明的热塑性组合物而得到的模塑与挤塑热塑性制品。制品的实例为薄膜或层压体、机动车部件或发动机部件或电气/电子部件。“成型”是指任何成型技术,如挤出、注塑、热成型模制、压塑或吹塑。所述制品优选通过注塑或吹塑成型。
本文所公开的模塑或挤塑的热塑性制品可以应用于满足下列一种或多种要求的汽车部件和其他部件:对诸如氯化锌和氯化钙等极性化学品具有很强的耐化学品性,高抗冲击要求;耐油性和燃料环境;耐化学试剂(例如冷却剂);燃料和气体(如二氧化碳)低渗透性。具体的挤塑或模塑热塑性制品选自用于输送液体和气体的管道、管道的内衬、燃料管路、空气制动闸管、冷却剂管道、空气风道、气动导管、液压软管、电缆护套、扎线带、接头、罐和推拉软轴。
通过以下实施例对本发明做进一步说明。应当理解,以下实施例仅用于说明目的,而并不用于对本发明进行限制。
方法
配混
通过在40mm双螺杆挤塑机(Berstorff UTS40)中熔融共混表中所列成分来制备实施例1和比较实施例C1至C4,对全部组合物而言,操作温度为约250℃,螺杆转速为约250rpm,并且生产能力为90kg/h。表中所示的成分量都是按热塑性组合物总重量的重量%给出的。
将配制的混合物以带状或条状的形式挤出,并在水浴中冷却,随后将其短切成颗粒并装入密封的铝内衬袋子中,以防止其吸收水分。调整冷却和切割条件,以确保材料的水分含量始终低于0.15重量%。
物理特性测量
根据ISO527-2/5A测量机械拉伸特性,即弹性模量、断裂应力(拉伸强度)和断裂应变(断裂伸长率)。测量在注塑ISO拉力试棒上进行。所述模塑温度为60℃,并且C1的熔融温度为235℃,而C2、C3、C4和E1的熔融温度为250℃。
按照ISO527/5A,测试样品的厚度为2mm,宽度为4mm,测试速度为50mm/min(拉伸强度和伸长率)。以1.0mm/min的速度测量拉伸模量。表1列出了针对各组合物测试的6个样品的平均结果。
耐盐性表征
测试件使用了ISO527规范中描述的5A型注塑拉力试棒。
将所述试棒弯曲成U型并固定,向上弯曲置于具有11.95mm内部宽度的不锈钢样本夹持器中(DuPont laboratory制造)。对每个配方使用三个试棒。将所述夹持器放入到大的测试管中。
所用测试流体为50重量%氯化锌溶液,所述溶液通过以50∶50的重量比将无水氯化锌溶于水中制得。包含样本夹持器的测试管加注新制备的盐溶液,所述盐溶液完全浸没所述测试件,使得在测试件顶部上方有至少12mm的流体。将所述测试管竖直置于温度保持在60℃的循环热空气箱内。72小时后从盛有氯化锌溶液的试管中移除所述样本夹持器中的测试件,并将其在相同的60℃循环热空气箱内进行24小时的热空气箱老化(AOA)。经过该时期后,将所述样本夹持器和试棒一起再度置入具有氯化锌溶液的试管内,并且将其竖直置于温度保持在60℃的循环热空气箱内。根据表1说明的时间间隔进行数次这样的循环操作。在浸没后和AOA后针对裂纹的发展定期检查测试件。
材料
PA610是指由1,6-二氨基己烷和1,10-癸二酸制成的RS3060聚酰胺610,购自E.I.DuPont de Nemours and Company,Wilmington,Delaware,USA。
PA1010是指由1,1-癸二酸和1,10-二氨基癸烷制成的FE110004聚酰胺1010,购自E.I.DuPont de Nemours and Company(Wilmington,Delaware,USA)。
增塑剂是指214增塑剂,其为N-丁基苯磺酰胺,购自UnitexChemical Corp.(Greensboro,NC)。
1098是用于加工及长时间热稳定处理的酚类主要抗氧化剂:N,N′-双-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰基)-1,6-己二胺,购自CibaSpecialty Chemicals。
944是低聚受阻胺光稳定剂:(聚[[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]-1,6-己二基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]]),购自Ciba Specialty Chemicals。
Crodamide212是指硬脂基芥酰胺,购自Croda Chemicals,Hull UK。
实施例1和比较实施例C1-C4
列于表1的实施例1和比较实施例C1-C4经熔融共混并模塑成为测试件。
实施例1在连续老化测试中展现出优于C1(PA1010)和C4(PA610)的氯化锌耐盐性。这表明PA1010和PA610共混物在耐盐性上表现出意料之外的协同效应,其并不存在于单一聚酰胺制剂中,或C2或C3组合物中。
表1
Claims (3)
1.热塑性组合物,其由以下组成:
a) 20至35重量%的聚(十亚甲基癸二酰胺),
b) 50至65重量%的聚(六亚甲基癸二酰胺),以及
c) 8至15重量%的磺酰胺增塑剂,
其中所述磺酰胺增塑剂是选自以下的一种或多种磺酰胺:N-丁基苯磺酰胺、N-(2-羟丙基)苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-邻甲苯磺酰胺、N-乙基-对甲苯磺酰胺、邻甲苯磺酰胺和对甲苯磺酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热塑性组合物,其中所述磺酰胺增塑剂是N-丁基苯磺酰胺。
3.模塑或挤塑的热塑性制品,包含根据权利要求1所述的热塑性组合物。
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US4801633A (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1989-01-31 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Salt resistant polyamide composition |
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US4076664A (en) | 1975-11-13 | 1978-02-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 612 OR 610/6I or 6T/636 Polyamide terpolymer |
US4123411A (en) | 1977-05-12 | 1978-10-31 | Monsanto Company | Plasticized composition of copolyetherester elastomer and aromatic sulfonamide |
JPH03271325A (ja) | 1990-03-22 | 1991-12-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | 磁気特性に優れた高強度電磁厚板の製造法 |
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BE1010655A3 (fr) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-11-03 | Ucb Sa | Compositions de polyamides plastifies. |
US6190769B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2001-02-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Abrasive filaments of plasticized polyamides |
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US7750110B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2010-07-06 | Arkema France | Flexible semicrystalline polyamides |
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